{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7163876978","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e28060643","title":"Towards Accurate Breslow Measurements: Mitigating Issues in Histopathological Imaging","display_name":"Towards Accurate Breslow Measurements: Mitigating Issues in Histopathological Imaging","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7163876978","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e28060643","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42352153"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e28060643","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e28060643","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e28060643","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068712033","display_name":"Nico Curti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5802-1195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nico Curti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5802-1195","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138121687","display_name":"Lorenzo Dall\u2019Olio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8907-0034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123211","display_name":"Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/02mgzgr95","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119117","https://openalex.org/I4210123211","https://openalex.org/I4210153126"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lorenzo Dall\u2019Olio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Science and Bioinformatics Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8907-0034","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science and Bioinformatics Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123211"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138198479","display_name":"Giulia Veronesi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6595-7776"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119117","display_name":"Azienda USL di Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/02mby1820","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119117"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giulia Veronesi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy","Oncologic Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6595-7776","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oncologic Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119117"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013720909","display_name":"Giulia Querzoli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6944-6508"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119117","display_name":"Azienda USL di Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/02mby1820","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119117"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giulia Querzoli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pathology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6944-6508","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pathology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119117"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138182359","display_name":"Federico Venturi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5053-4172"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119117","display_name":"Azienda USL di Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/02mby1820","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119117"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Federico Venturi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy","Oncologic Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5053-4172","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oncologic Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119117"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138158852","display_name":"Azzurra Sisi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7465-3030"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Azzurra Sisi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7465-3030","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088398232","display_name":"Sara Peluso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1924-1093"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119117","display_name":"Azienda USL di Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/02mby1820","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119117"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sara Peluso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy","IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1924-1093","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119117"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125439984","display_name":"G. Castellani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119117","display_name":"Azienda USL di Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/02mby1820","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119117"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gastone Castellani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy","IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4892-925X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119117"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138150711","display_name":"Emi Dika","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3186-2861"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119117","display_name":"Azienda USL di Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/02mby1820","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119117"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emi Dika","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy","Oncologic Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3186-2861","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oncologic Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119117"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64935568,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"6","first_page":"643","last_page":"643"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10392","display_name":"Cutaneous Melanoma Detection and Management","score":0.920799970626831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10392","display_name":"Cutaneous Melanoma Detection and Management","score":0.920799970626831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.06239999830722809,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12874","display_name":"Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases","score":0.005799999926239252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breslow-thickness","display_name":"Breslow Thickness","score":0.7562999725341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","score":0.4027999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.37709999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","score":0.3337000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.3287000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation","display_name":"Correlation","score":0.30720001459121704}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908643394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827546","display_name":"Breslow Thickness","level":5,"score":0.7562999725341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44780001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.4027999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.37709999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.3337000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.33219999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3287000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.30720001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.30410000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3021000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780092901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433612","display_name":"Correlation coefficient","level":2,"score":0.2919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.28679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199631012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205034","display_name":"Perpendicular","level":2,"score":0.2782999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.2732999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17020691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139677","display_name":"Operator (biology)","level":5,"score":0.2709999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138528620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2510752","display_name":"Explained variation","level":2,"score":0.2565999925136566}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e28060643","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e28060643","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42352153","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42352153","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.unibo.it:11585/1069392","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11585/1069392","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402579","display_name":"Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Universit\u00e0 di Bologna)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210117483","host_organization_name":"Istituto di Ematologia di Bologna","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:329b011d171043d3bf5d7ff9fff9d633","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/329b011d171043d3bf5d7ff9fff9d633","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 28, Iss 6, p 643 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13298557","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13298557/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e28060643","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e28060643","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W42869079","https://openalex.org/W1797193145","https://openalex.org/W1966818208","https://openalex.org/W1973581061","https://openalex.org/W1976559602","https://openalex.org/W1978113416","https://openalex.org/W2024452606","https://openalex.org/W2064173767","https://openalex.org/W2067534315","https://openalex.org/W2067998738","https://openalex.org/W2111252555","https://openalex.org/W2111682051","https://openalex.org/W2113876813","https://openalex.org/W2118863192","https://openalex.org/W2131128075","https://openalex.org/W2131515143","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2327185023","https://openalex.org/W2338369324","https://openalex.org/W2490818769","https://openalex.org/W2766877747","https://openalex.org/W2767647072","https://openalex.org/W2791867717","https://openalex.org/W2801868518","https://openalex.org/W2807987877","https://openalex.org/W2808814350","https://openalex.org/W2947576609","https://openalex.org/W2954417778","https://openalex.org/W2964896061","https://openalex.org/W3004493255","https://openalex.org/W3015584316","https://openalex.org/W3025785100","https://openalex.org/W3027538410","https://openalex.org/W3136999308","https://openalex.org/W3184493868","https://openalex.org/W4220856798","https://openalex.org/W4253724883","https://openalex.org/W4280492604","https://openalex.org/W4280577263","https://openalex.org/W4281483269","https://openalex.org/W4282938621","https://openalex.org/W4294653374","https://openalex.org/W4312140872","https://openalex.org/W4312173397","https://openalex.org/W4377137686","https://openalex.org/W4377151414","https://openalex.org/W4382680745","https://openalex.org/W4382918411","https://openalex.org/W4386757419","https://openalex.org/W4386903095","https://openalex.org/W4391379033","https://openalex.org/W4392657874","https://openalex.org/W4393031695","https://openalex.org/W4400392226","https://openalex.org/W4403490650","https://openalex.org/W4406523978","https://openalex.org/W4411864260","https://openalex.org/W4413801275","https://openalex.org/W4416332222","https://openalex.org/W7118188326"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Breslow":[0,59,91,140,174],"thickness":[1,60,92,141],"is":[2,17],"a":[3,54,65,167],"key":[4],"prognostic":[5],"parameter":[6],"in":[7,47,108,123,139],"the":[8,23,27,31,35,40,62,109,112,118,125,157,163],"staging":[9],"of":[10,26,58,64,86,111,162],"cutaneous":[11],"melanoma,":[12],"but":[13],"its":[14],"manual":[15],"measurement":[16,113,148],"affected":[18],"by":[19,74,78],"operator":[20],"dependency":[21],"and":[22,34,101,137,160],"complex":[24],"morphology":[25],"epidermis.":[28],"Identifying":[29],"both":[30],"deepest":[32],"melanocyte":[33],"correct":[36,126],"perpendicular":[37,127],"path":[38],"to":[39,146,172],"epidermal":[41,144],"surface":[42],"can":[43],"be":[44],"challenging,":[45],"especially":[46],"highly":[48],"irregular":[49],"tissues.":[50],"This":[51],"study":[52],"investigates":[53],"more":[55],"robust":[56],"estimation":[57],"through":[61],"development":[63],"semi-automated":[66],"Computer":[67],"Vision-based":[68],"software.":[69],"Inter-operator":[70],"variability":[71,107],"was":[72,104,115,132],"assessed":[73],"comparing":[75],"measurements":[76,100],"performed":[77],"seven":[79,164],"histopathologists":[80],"on":[81],"40":[82],"Whole":[83],"Slide":[84],"Images":[85],"non-ulcerated":[87],"pT1a":[88],"melanomas":[89],"with":[90],"below":[93],"0.8":[94],"mm.":[95],"The":[96],"agreement":[97],"between":[98,134,156],"human":[99,121],"AI":[102,158],"results":[103],"evaluated.":[105],"Significant":[106],"orientation":[110],"segments":[114],"observed,":[116],"highlighting":[117],"difficulty":[119],"for":[120],"operators":[122],"identifying":[124],"direction.":[128],"A":[129],"linear":[130],"relationship":[131],"found":[133],"angular":[135],"variance":[136,138],"values,":[142],"linking":[143],"irregularity":[145],"increased":[147],"uncertainty.":[149],"Overall,":[150],"statistically":[151],"significant":[152],"differences":[153],"were":[154],"observed":[155],"system":[159],"five":[161],"operators,":[165],"indicating":[166],"general":[168],"tendency":[169],"among":[170],"experts":[171],"overestimate":[173],"thickness.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-27T08:26:11.824852","created_date":"2026-06-09T00:00:00"}