{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7163417935","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e28060622","title":"Identifying Quantum Structure in AI Language: Evidence for Evolutionary Convergence of Human and Artificial Cognition","display_name":"Identifying Quantum Structure in AI Language: Evidence for Evolutionary Convergence of Human and Artificial Cognition","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7163417935","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e28060622","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42352132"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e28060622","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e28060622","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e28060622","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045159051","display_name":"Diederik Aerts","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2266-6658"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diederik Aerts","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center Leo Apostel for Interdisciplinary Studies, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2266-6658","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center Leo Apostel for Interdisciplinary Studies, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023311996","display_name":"Jonito Aerts Argu\u00eblles","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonito Aerts Argu\u00eblles","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center Leo Apostel for Interdisciplinary Studies, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center Leo Apostel for Interdisciplinary Studies, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071276352","display_name":"Lester Beltran","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lester Beltran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center Leo Apostel for Interdisciplinary Studies, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9982-8411","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center Leo Apostel for Interdisciplinary Studies, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024634229","display_name":"Suzette Geriente","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suzette Geriente","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center Leo Apostel for Interdisciplinary Studies, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center Leo Apostel for Interdisciplinary Studies, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065262928","display_name":"Roberto Leporini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7340-6384"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11039511","display_name":"University of Bergamo","ror":"https://ror.org/02mbd5571","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11039511"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Leporini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics, University of Bergamo, Via dei Caniana 2, 24127 Bergamo, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7340-6384","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, University of Bergamo, Via dei Caniana 2, 24127 Bergamo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11039511"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056925696","display_name":"Massimiliano Sassoli de Bianchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0778-324X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Massimiliano Sassoli de Bianchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center Leo Apostel for Interdisciplinary Studies, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center Leo Apostel for Interdisciplinary Studies, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065892771","display_name":"Sandro Sozzo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4338-3737"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129043915","display_name":"University of Udine","ror":"https://ror.org/05ht0mh31","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129043915"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandro Sozzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Humanities and Cultural Heritage (DIUM), Centre for Quantum Social and Cognitive Science (CQSCS), University of Udine, Vicolo Florio 2/b, 33100 Udine, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4338-3737","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Humanities and Cultural Heritage (DIUM), Centre for Quantum Social and Cognitive Science (CQSCS), University of Udine, Vicolo Florio 2/b, 33100 Udine, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129043915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"fwci":8.0124,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97584405,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"6","first_page":"622","last_page":"622"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":0.08009999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":0.08009999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12090","display_name":"Language and cultural evolution","score":0.07360000163316727,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13629","display_name":"Text Readability and Simplification","score":0.05270000174641609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.7233999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meaning","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","score":0.5396000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributive-property","display_name":"Distributive property","score":0.5209000110626221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.4925999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phenomenon","display_name":"Phenomenon","score":0.4438000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4041999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.3763999938964844}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.7233999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6155999898910522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.5396000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11821877","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187959","display_name":"Distributive property","level":2,"score":0.5209000110626221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.49970000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4925999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47589999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50335755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483247","display_name":"Phenomenon","level":2,"score":0.4438000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4041999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.3763999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.37209999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3077000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.302700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.29170000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161407221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4382939","display_name":"Cognitive model","level":3,"score":0.28369998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130327152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q748349","display_name":"Mathematical structure","level":2,"score":0.2824000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163504300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2364925","display_name":"Causal structure","level":2,"score":0.28220000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.2721000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149441793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200726","display_name":"Probability distribution","level":2,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87868495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750843","display_name":"Information processing","level":2,"score":0.257999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159149176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","level":2,"score":0.25369998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.25}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e28060622","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e28060622","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42352132","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42352132","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2511.21731","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.21731","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2511.21731","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:air.uniud.it:11390/1331865","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11390/1331865","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401163","display_name":"Institutional Research Information System (University of Udine)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I129043915","host_organization_name":"University of Udine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129043915"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aisberg.unibg.it:10446/328085","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10446/328085","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196347","display_name":"Aisberg (University of Bergamo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I11039511","host_organization_name":"University of Bergamo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11039511"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7e5133a336bd4dad9fd9d13b17f79a1e","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7e5133a336bd4dad9fd9d13b17f79a1e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 28, Iss 6, p 622 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13298953","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13298953/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e28060622","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e28060622","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6708855628967285,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1094494501","display_name":"Quantum Information Access and Retrieval Theory","funder_award_id":"721321","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322634","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,219,232],"present":[1],"the":[2,21,46,62,73,80,86,89,99,122,135,165,176,229,240],"results":[3,100],"of":[4,48,75,88,125,133,159,169,175,190,215,244],"cognitive":[5,105,136],"tests":[6,106,113],"on":[7,114,173],"conceptual":[8],"combinations,":[9],"performed":[10,24,66],"using":[11,67],"specific":[12],"Large":[13],"Language":[14],"Models":[15],"(LLMs)":[16],"as":[17,146,212],"test":[18],"subjects.":[19],"In":[20,61],"first":[22],"test,":[23,64],"with":[25,53,107],"ChatGPT":[26,68],"(GPT-5.5":[27],"Thinking)":[28],"and":[29,69,110,196,203,206,217,223],"Google":[30],"Gemini":[31],"Advanced":[32],"(Gemini":[33],"1.5":[34],"Pro),":[35],"we":[36,71,152,247],"show":[37],"that":[38,55,154,184,225,238,246],"Bell's":[39],"inequalities":[40],"are":[41,144],"significantly":[42],"violated,":[43],"which":[44],"indicates":[45],"presence":[47,74],"a":[49,155,188,213,235],"'non-classical":[50],"probability":[51],"model'":[52],"probabilities":[54],"do":[56],"not":[57],"satisfy":[58],"Kolmogorov's":[59],"axioms.":[60],"second":[63],"also":[65,233],"Gemini,":[70],"identify":[72],"'Bose-Einstein":[76],"statistics',":[77,84],"rather":[78],"than":[79],"intuitively":[81],"expected":[82],"'Maxwell-Boltzmann":[83],"in":[85,92,103,129,164],"distribution":[87],"words":[90],"contained":[91],"large-size":[93],"texts.":[94],"Interestingly,":[95],"these":[96],"findings":[97],"mirror":[98],"previously":[101],"obtained":[102],"both":[104],"human":[108,139,194],"participants":[109],"information":[111],"retrieval":[112],"large":[115],"corpora.":[116],"Taken":[117],"together,":[118],"they":[119],"point":[120],"to":[121,187],"'systematic":[123],"emergence":[124],"non-classical":[126],"quantum-like":[127],"structures":[128],"conceptual-linguistic":[130],"domains',":[131],"regardless":[132],"whether":[134],"agent":[137],"is":[138,180],"or":[140],"artificial.":[141],"Although":[142],"LLMs":[143],"classified":[145],"neural":[147,177],"networks":[148],"for":[149],"historical":[150],"reasons,":[151],"believe":[153],"more":[156,210],"essential":[157],"form":[158],"knowledge":[160],"organization":[161,243],"takes":[162],"place":[163],"distributive":[166],"semantic":[167],"structure":[168,183],"vector":[170],"spaces":[171],"built":[172],"top":[174],"network.":[178],"It":[179],"this":[181],"meaning-bearing":[182],"lends":[185],"itself":[186],"phenomenon":[189],"evolutionary":[191],"convergence":[192],"between":[193],"cognition":[195,205],"language,":[197,207],"slowly":[198],"established":[199],"through":[200],"biological":[201],"evolution,":[202],"LLM":[204],"emerging":[208],"much":[209],"rapidly":[211],"result":[214],"self-learning":[216],"training.":[218],"analyze":[220],"various":[221],"aspects":[222],"examples":[224],"contain":[226],"evidence":[227],"supporting":[228],"above":[230],"hypothesis.":[231],"advance":[234],"unifying":[236],"framework":[237],"explains":[239],"pervasive":[241],"quantum":[242],"meaning":[245],"identify.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-05T07:39:15.569665","created_date":"2026-06-04T00:00:00"}