{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7138889950","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e28030347","title":"Characterizing the Evolution of Inter-Actor Networks in the South China Sea Arbitration via Entropy-Driven Graph Representation Learning from Massive Media Event Data","display_name":"Characterizing the Evolution of Inter-Actor Networks in the South China Sea Arbitration via Entropy-Driven Graph Representation Learning from Massive Media Event Data","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7138889950","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e28030347","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41899999"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e28030347","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e28030347","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/28/3/347/pdf?version=1773928737","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/28/3/347/pdf?version=1773928737","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080019857","display_name":"Menglan Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Menglan Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Journalism and Information Communication, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7013-0708","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Journalism and Information Communication, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129872599","display_name":"Hong Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hong Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Journalism and Information Communication, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7735-2766","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Journalism and Information Communication, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Peng Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4741-9282"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peng Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4741-9282","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5129872599"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.33019585,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"3","first_page":"347","last_page":"347"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.43050000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.43050000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.24140000343322754,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14413","display_name":"Advanced Technologies in Various Fields","score":0.03680000081658363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4894999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arbitration","display_name":"Arbitration","score":0.46700000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.4478999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","score":0.427700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.3605000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-network","display_name":"Complex network","score":0.3382999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.33500000834465027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7010999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4894999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160151201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207946","display_name":"Arbitration","level":2,"score":0.46700000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.4478999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.427700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.3605000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3490000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.34380000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34947359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q665189","display_name":"Complex network","level":2,"score":0.3382999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.33500000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119701452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165881","display_name":"Control reconfiguration","level":2,"score":0.32989999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.32100000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22047676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898680","display_name":"Clustering coefficient","level":3,"score":0.28450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.28349998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.2777000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2750999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.2687999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32946077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618079","display_name":"Network analysis","level":2,"score":0.267300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123138037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5570871","display_name":"Global network","level":2,"score":0.2533000111579895}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e28030347","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e28030347","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/28/3/347/pdf?version=1773928737","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41899999","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41899999","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ba610e27f0ae467c86063633eab47397","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ba610e27f0ae467c86063633eab47397","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 28, Iss 3, p 347 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13025494","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13025494/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e28030347","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e28030347","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/28/3/347/pdf?version=1773928737","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1214025763","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024M751009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3779392893","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"23BXW063","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335869","funder_display_name":"National Social Science Fund of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8077260531","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62402187","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335869","display_name":"National Social Science Fund of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7138889950.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7138889950.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22264387","https://openalex.org/W1533841329","https://openalex.org/W1888005072","https://openalex.org/W2008620264","https://openalex.org/W2022655233","https://openalex.org/W2027678830","https://openalex.org/W2042700848","https://openalex.org/W2045577908","https://openalex.org/W2112090702","https://openalex.org/W2121084080","https://openalex.org/W2133257601","https://openalex.org/W2140405352","https://openalex.org/W2154851992","https://openalex.org/W2163922914","https://openalex.org/W2198377051","https://openalex.org/W2331126099","https://openalex.org/W2505119058","https://openalex.org/W2604366058","https://openalex.org/W2784060105","https://openalex.org/W2951479072","https://openalex.org/W2962756421","https://openalex.org/W2963224980","https://openalex.org/W2963707260","https://openalex.org/W3087257704","https://openalex.org/W3175440854","https://openalex.org/W3205917471","https://openalex.org/W4213438086","https://openalex.org/W4226505874","https://openalex.org/W4388240183","https://openalex.org/W4414704345","https://openalex.org/W7084978430"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"On":[0],"12":[1],"July":[2,97,100],"2016,":[3,101],"the":[4,7,20,28,36,58,64,67,93,158,168,196],"ruling":[5],"on":[6,128],"South":[8],"China":[9],"Sea":[10],"Arbitration":[11],"was":[12],"announced":[13],"and":[14,34,73,105,115,139,177,180,190,207],"rapidly":[15],"drew":[16],"worldwide":[17],"attention,":[18],"turning":[19],"event":[21,79,159,201],"into":[22],"a":[23,76],"major":[24,43],"international":[25],"hotspot.":[26],"Quantifying":[27],"dynamics":[29],"of":[30,38,46,70,182,198],"such":[31],"hotspot":[32],"events":[33,90],"understanding":[35],"evolution":[37,209],"media-based":[39,78],"inter-actor":[40,212],"networks":[41,107],"during":[42],"shocks":[44],"are":[45,161],"substantial":[47],"research":[48],"interest.":[49],"Viewing":[50],"these":[51],"interactions":[52],"as":[53],"dynamic":[54],"networks,":[55,169],"we":[56,124],"analyze":[57],"time-varying":[59],"actor":[60,183],"interaction":[61],"structure":[62],"surrounding":[63],"arbitration":[65,94],"using":[66],"Global":[68],"Database":[69],"Events,":[71],"Location":[72],"Tone":[74],"(GDELT),":[75],"large-scale":[77],"database":[80],"with":[81,143,163,185],"global":[82],"coverage":[83],"since":[84],"1979.":[85],"We":[86],"extract":[87],"nearly":[88],"30,000":[89],"related":[91],"to":[92,98,108],"from":[95],"5":[96],"25":[99],"constructing":[102],"daily":[103,130],"cooperation":[104,189],"conflict":[106,191],"quantify":[109],"structural":[110,122,165,205],"changes":[111,171],"via":[112,132,149],"network":[113,131],"size":[114],"degree-entropy":[116],"dynamics.":[117],"To":[118],"further":[119],"reveal":[120],"actor-level":[121],"roles,":[123,184],"learn":[125],"node":[126],"embeddings":[127],"each":[129],"an":[133],"entropy-driven":[134],"graph":[135],"representation":[136],"learning":[137],"scheme":[138],"perform":[140],"embedding-based":[141],"clustering":[142],"automatically":[144],"selected":[145],"cluster":[146],"numbers,":[147],"visualized":[148],"t-SNE.":[150],"The":[151],"results":[152],"show":[153],"that":[154],"key":[155],"dates":[156],"in":[157,167,172,210],"window":[160],"associated":[162],"pronounced":[164],"shifts":[166],"including":[170],"participation":[173],"breadth,":[174],"degree-distribution":[175],"heterogeneity,":[176],"clearer":[178],"differentiation":[179],"reconfiguration":[181],"distinct":[186],"patterns":[187],"between":[188],"networks.":[192,213],"These":[193],"findings":[194],"demonstrate":[195],"potential":[197],"massive":[199],"media":[200],"data":[202],"for":[203],"characterizing":[204],"responses":[206],"actor-role":[208],"event-driven":[211]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2026-03-20T00:00:00"}