{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7126274825","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e28020155","title":"Link Prediction of Green Patent Cooperation Network Based on Multidimensional Features","display_name":"Link Prediction of Green Patent Cooperation Network Based on Multidimensional Features","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7126274825","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e28020155","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41751658"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e28020155","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e28020155","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/28/2/155/pdf?version=1769764273","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/28/2/155/pdf?version=1769764273","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124300486","display_name":"Mingxuan Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingxuan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124338302","display_name":"Xuedong Gao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xuedong Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121919934","display_name":"Yun Ye","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006708413","display_name":"Junran Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7127-2359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junran Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5124338302"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.20808023,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"2","first_page":"155","last_page":"155"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14413","display_name":"Advanced Technologies in Various Fields","score":0.22769999504089355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14413","display_name":"Advanced Technologies in Various Fields","score":0.22769999504089355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.1776999980211258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14347","display_name":"Big Data and Digital Economy","score":0.09399999678134918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.6122000217437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.5927000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.5882999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/link","display_name":"Link (geometry)","score":0.504800021648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.4609000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.40220001339912415}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7457000017166138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.6122000217437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5927000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5882999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778753846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6554239","display_name":"Link (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.504800021648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4609000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.40220001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34947359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q665189","display_name":"Complex network","level":2,"score":0.3269999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.32330000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3027999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171752962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q255166","display_name":"Kullback\u2013Leibler divergence","level":2,"score":0.2992999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167981619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1685498","display_name":"Cross entropy","level":3,"score":0.28870001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778029865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25110998","display_name":"Patent analysis","level":2,"score":0.2775000035762787}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e28020155","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e28020155","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/28/2/155/pdf?version=1769764273","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41751658","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41751658","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c7223c1a5323474a8ca745dbea820f44","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c7223c1a5323474a8ca745dbea820f44","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 28, Iss 2, p 155 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12939419","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12939419/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e28020155","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e28020155","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/28/2/155/pdf?version=1769764273","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.41932305693626404}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7126274825.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7126274825.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1564354600","https://openalex.org/W2007444087","https://openalex.org/W2025701878","https://openalex.org/W2026417691","https://openalex.org/W2148848867","https://openalex.org/W2165021386","https://openalex.org/W2179353143","https://openalex.org/W2419297638","https://openalex.org/W2571946971","https://openalex.org/W2586233753","https://openalex.org/W2768859421","https://openalex.org/W2773515559","https://openalex.org/W2954276048","https://openalex.org/W3004621088","https://openalex.org/W3092632546","https://openalex.org/W3093240921","https://openalex.org/W3124484110","https://openalex.org/W3124775917","https://openalex.org/W3137137406","https://openalex.org/W3144821618","https://openalex.org/W4221001924","https://openalex.org/W4400036377","https://openalex.org/W4409201953"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,132],"regional":[1,11,181],"green":[2,157],"patent":[3,102,158],"cooperation":[4,159],"network":[5,20,160],"describes":[6],"the":[7,15,19,23,62,64,76,89,95,115,125,129,138,148,156,162,168,175],"structural":[8],"characteristics":[9],"of":[10,18,53,79,91,165,177],"collaborative":[12],"innovation,":[13],"and":[14,58,82,94,167,180],"link":[16,42],"prediction":[17,43,51,113,140,144,150,169],"can":[21,142],"anticipate":[22],"overall":[24],"evolution":[25],"trend,":[26],"as":[27,29],"well":[28],"help":[30],"organizations":[31],"identify":[32],"potential":[33],"partners":[34],"for":[35,128],"technology":[36],"collaboration.":[37],"This":[38],"paper":[39],"proposes":[40],"a":[41],"model":[44,141,151],"based":[45,100,173],"on":[46,101,174],"multidimensional":[47,139],"features,":[48,55,57],"which":[49],"integrates":[50,106],"indicators":[52],"node":[54,73],"path":[56],"content":[59,96],"features.":[60],"In":[61],"model,":[63],"entropy":[65],"weight":[66],"method":[67,120],"is":[68,84,121,152],"employed":[69],"to":[70,86,123,154],"integrate":[71],"various":[72],"similarity":[74,97,109],"indicators,":[75],"heterogeneous":[77,92],"influence":[78],"intermediate":[80],"links":[81],"nodes":[83],"incorporated":[85],"fully":[87],"emphasize":[88],"issue":[90],"paths,":[93],"feature":[98],"indicator":[99],"text":[103],"topic":[104],"analysis":[105],"multiple":[107],"distance":[108],"metrics.":[110],"To":[111],"improve":[112,143],"accuracy,":[114],"Grey":[116],"Wolf":[117],"Optimizer":[118],"(GWO)":[119],"adopted":[122],"determine":[124],"optimal":[126],"weights":[127],"three-dimensional":[130],"indicators.":[131],"comparative":[133],"experimental":[134],"results":[135,170],"show":[136],"that":[137],"accuracy":[145],"significantly.":[146],"Finally,":[147],"proposed":[149],"applied":[153],"forecast":[155],"in":[161],"Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei":[163],"region":[164],"China,":[166],"are":[171],"discussed":[172],"distribution":[176],"agent":[178],"types":[179],"distribution.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2026-02-01T00:00:00"}