{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125516486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e28020132","title":"Dual-Region Encryption Model Based on a 3D-MNFC Chaotic System and Logistic Map","display_name":"Dual-Region Encryption Model Based on a 3D-MNFC Chaotic System and Logistic Map","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125516486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e28020132","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41751635"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e28020132","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e28020132","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e28020132","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123681452","display_name":"Jingyan Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9086337","display_name":"Taiyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03kv08d37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingyan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology (College of Data Science), Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology (College of Data Science), Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035048904","display_name":"Yan Niu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8136-6631"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9086337","display_name":"Taiyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03kv08d37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Niu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology (College of Data Science), Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8136-6631","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology (College of Data Science), Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107954022","display_name":"Dan Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9086337","display_name":"Taiyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03kv08d37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology (College of Data Science), Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology (College of Data Science), Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100653316","display_name":"Yiling Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3619-4532"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9086337","display_name":"Taiyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03kv08d37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiling Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology (College of Data Science), Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology (College of Data Science), Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079051891","display_name":"Jiaqi Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7144-685X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9086337","display_name":"Taiyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03kv08d37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaqi Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology (College of Data Science), Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology (College of Data Science), Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123651114","display_name":"Mingliang Dou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9086337","display_name":"Taiyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03kv08d37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mingliang Dou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology (College of Data Science), Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology (College of Data Science), Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5123651114"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10562535,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"2","first_page":"132","last_page":"132"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9298999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9298999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.007400000002235174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13731","display_name":"Advanced Computing and Algorithms","score":0.005900000222027302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.7861999869346619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-space","display_name":"Key space","score":0.579800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ciphertext","display_name":"Ciphertext","score":0.5249000191688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chaotic","display_name":"Chaotic","score":0.4950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bitwise-operation","display_name":"Bitwise operation","score":0.47859999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.4578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.4397999942302704}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.7861999869346619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6814000010490417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105322999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1557574","display_name":"Key space","level":3,"score":0.579800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93974786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1589480","display_name":"Ciphertext","level":3,"score":0.5249000191688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777052490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072826","display_name":"Chaotic","level":2,"score":0.4950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134765980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q879126","display_name":"Bitwise operation","level":2,"score":0.47859999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.4578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.4397999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.43070000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4271000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.39989998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205330730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q587182","display_name":"Logistic map","level":3,"score":0.38960000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.37610000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.3287000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54569210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7246854","display_name":"Probabilistic encryption","level":3,"score":0.3262999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57795399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5265706","display_name":"Deterministic encryption","level":4,"score":0.3084999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.30730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3073032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15912075","display_name":"Information hiding","level":3,"score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.26600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.2540999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778869765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6028363","display_name":"Inefficiency","level":2,"score":0.2526000142097473}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e28020132","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e28020132","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41751635","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41751635","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:010e239ced984e07b41a3656cd63866e","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/010e239ced984e07b41a3656cd63866e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 28, Iss 2, p 132 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12940074","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12940074/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e28020132","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e28020132","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Facial":[0],"information":[1,191],"carries":[2],"key":[3,101,186],"personal":[4],"privacy,":[5],"and":[6,41,81,114,124,128,155,189,195,200],"it":[7],"is":[8,38,150,162,203],"crucial":[9],"to":[10,72,134,152,170,212],"ensure":[11],"its":[12],"security":[13,175],"through":[14],"encryption.":[15],"Traditional":[16],"encryption":[17,58,93],"for":[18,60,140],"portrait":[19,61],"images":[20,76,169],"typically":[21],"processes":[22],"the":[23,27,85,103,143,159,166,178,182,207],"entire":[24],"image,":[25],"despite":[26],"fact":[28],"that":[29,206],"most":[30],"regions":[31],"lack":[32],"sensitive":[33],"facial":[34,75,80,89],"information.":[35],"This":[36],"approach":[37],"notably":[39],"inefficient":[40],"imposes":[42],"unnecessary":[43],"computational":[44],"burdens.":[45],"To":[46],"address":[47],"this":[48],"inefficiency":[49],"while":[50],"maintaining":[51],"security,":[52],"we":[53],"propose":[54],"a":[55,64,91,99],"novel":[56],"dual-region":[57],"model":[59,208],"images.":[62],"Firstly,":[63],"Multi-task":[65],"Cascaded":[66],"Convolutional":[67],"Network":[68],"(MTCNN)":[69],"was":[70,95],"adopted":[71],"efficiently":[73],"segment":[74],"into":[77],"two":[78,167],"regions:":[79],"non-facial.":[82],"Subsequently,":[83],"given":[84],"high":[86],"sensitivity":[87],"of":[88,181,198],"regions,":[90,142],"robust":[92],"scheme":[94],"designed":[96],"by":[97,164,215],"integrating":[98],"CNN-based":[100],"generator,":[102],"proposed":[104],"three-dimensional":[105],"Multi-module":[106],"Nonlinear":[107],"Feedback-coupled":[108],"Chaotic":[109],"System":[110],"(3D-MNFC),":[111],"DNA":[112],"encoding,":[113],"bit":[115],"reversal.":[116],"The":[117],"3D-MNFC":[118],"incorporating":[119],"time-varying":[120],"parameters,":[121],"nonlinear":[122],"terms":[123,127],"state":[125],"feedback":[126],"coupling":[129],"mechanisms":[130],"has":[131,209],"been":[132,210],"proven":[133],"exhibit":[135],"excellent":[136],"chaotic":[137],"performance.":[138],"As":[139],"non-facial":[141],"Logistic":[144],"map":[145],"combined":[146],"with":[147],"XOR":[148],"operations":[149],"used":[151],"balance":[153],"efficiency":[154,214],"basic":[156],"security.":[157],"Finally,":[158],"encrypted":[160],"image":[161],"obtained":[163],"restoring":[165],"ciphertext":[168],"their":[171],"original":[172],"positions.":[173],"Comprehensive":[174],"analyses":[176],"confirm":[177],"exceptional":[179],"performance":[180],"regional":[183],"model:":[184],"large":[185],"space":[187],"(2536)":[188],"near-ideal":[190],"entropy":[192],"(7.9995),":[193],"NPCR":[194],"UACI":[196],"values":[197],"99.6055%":[199],"33.4599%.":[201],"It":[202],"worth":[204],"noting":[205],"verified":[211],"improve":[213],"at":[216],"least":[217],"37.82%.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2026-01-24T00:00:00"}