{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125104359","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e28010125","title":"Optimization of Cryogenic Gas Separation Systems Based on Exergetic Analysis\u2014The Claude\u2013Heylandt Cycle for Oxygen Separation","display_name":"Optimization of Cryogenic Gas Separation Systems Based on Exergetic Analysis\u2014The Claude\u2013Heylandt Cycle for Oxygen Separation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125104359","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e28010125","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41594032"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e28010125","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e28010125","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/28/1/125/pdf?version=1769002269","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/28/1/125/pdf?version=1769002269","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123532796","display_name":"D\u0103nu\u021b-Cristian Urduza","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D\u0103nu\u021b-Cristian Urduza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Thermodynamics, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Thermodynamics, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti, 060042 Bucharest, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064747287","display_name":"Lavinia Grosu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0861-3413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096782","display_name":"Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche en Ing\u00e9nierie des Syst\u00e8mes, M\u00e9canique et Energ\u00e9tique","ror":"https://ror.org/00sbth994","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12449238","https://openalex.org/I4210096782","https://openalex.org/I4210143826"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lavinia Grosu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratoire Energ\u00e9tique M\u00e9canique Electromagn\u00e9tisme (LEME), IUT de Ville d\u2019Avray, 92410 Ville d\u2019Avray, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0861-3413","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire Energ\u00e9tique M\u00e9canique Electromagn\u00e9tisme (LEME), IUT de Ville d\u2019Avray, 92410 Ville d\u2019Avray, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088909074","display_name":"Alexandru \u0218erban","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6285-2530"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexandru Serban","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Thermodynamics, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Thermodynamics, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti, 060042 Bucharest, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117572000","display_name":"Adalia Andreea Percembli","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Adalia Andreea Percembli (Chelmu\u0219)","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Thermodynamics, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5317-5659","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Thermodynamics, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti, 060042 Bucharest, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059687632","display_name":"Alexandru Dobrovicescu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9978-421X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alexandru Dobrovicescu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Thermodynamics, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Thermodynamics, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti, 060042 Bucharest, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059687632","https://openalex.org/A5117572000"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.04534092,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"1","first_page":"125","last_page":"125"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10568","display_name":"Thermodynamic and Exergetic Analyses of Power and Cooling Systems","score":0.4115999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10568","display_name":"Thermodynamic and Exergetic Analyses of Power and Cooling Systems","score":0.4115999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10967","display_name":"Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies","score":0.2903999984264374,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11774","display_name":"Adsorption and Cooling Systems","score":0.22390000522136688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-separation","display_name":"Air separation","score":0.8338000178337097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exergy","display_name":"Exergy","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liquefaction","display_name":"Liquefaction","score":0.5896999835968018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-exchanger","display_name":"Heat exchanger","score":0.5306000113487244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-transfer","display_name":"Heat transfer","score":0.49050000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gas-compressor","display_name":"Gas compressor","score":0.48510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liquefied-natural-gas","display_name":"Liquefied natural gas","score":0.4803999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exergy-efficiency","display_name":"Exergy efficiency","score":0.45660001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turboexpander","display_name":"Turboexpander","score":0.45260000228881836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131929883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3752515","display_name":"Air separation","level":3,"score":0.8338000178337097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113146524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663290","display_name":"Exergy","level":2,"score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191859794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180208","display_name":"Liquefaction","level":2,"score":0.5896999835968018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107706546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189124","display_name":"Heat exchanger","level":2,"score":0.5306000113487244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50517652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179635","display_name":"Heat transfer","level":2,"score":0.49050000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131097465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178898","display_name":"Gas compressor","level":2,"score":0.48510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14034172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358333","display_name":"Liquefied natural gas","level":3,"score":0.4803999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.459199994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83119724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3070886","display_name":"Exergy efficiency","level":3,"score":0.45660001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14572793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1384238","display_name":"Turboexpander","level":3,"score":0.45260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.44690001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451805","display_name":"Separation (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4339999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.41519999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69907114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747713","display_name":"Refrigeration","level":2,"score":0.39149999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.38999998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149629883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660926","display_name":"Fraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.3822000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.3702999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.3668000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127145964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142051","display_name":"Heat recovery ventilation","level":3,"score":0.36250001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179725390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192116","display_name":"Cryogenics","level":2,"score":0.3521000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18411161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17050218","display_name":"Gas separation","level":3,"score":0.33660000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201289731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172599","display_name":"Inlet","level":2,"score":0.32190001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205965903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618153","display_name":"Liquid oxygen","level":3,"score":0.3147999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175503448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75920","display_name":"Thermodynamic cycle","level":2,"score":0.3003000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.29499998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2671000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C516920438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37129","display_name":"Methane","level":2,"score":0.25870001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158139659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127694","display_name":"Intercooler","level":3,"score":0.2572000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141713623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1452596","display_name":"Heat pump and refrigeration cycle","level":4,"score":0.2531999945640564}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e28010125","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e28010125","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/28/1/125/pdf?version=1769002269","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41594032","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41594032","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d45f80a18f8248e3963b1b99dc6bf418","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d45f80a18f8248e3963b1b99dc6bf418","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 28, Iss 1, p 125 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12840244","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12840244/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e28010125","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e28010125","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/28/1/125/pdf?version=1769002269","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9225958585739136,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7125104359.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7125104359.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"cryogenic":[1,33,251],"air":[2,159,198],"liquefaction":[3,252],"systems,":[4],"a":[5,63,94,104,109,144,153,245],"major":[6],"share":[7,125],"of":[8,32,48,84,96,126,172,222,241],"the":[9,29,40,49,67,71,76,81,85,97,113,117,124,134,148,157,163,177,202,239],"mechanical":[10,59],"energy":[11,60],"consumption":[12,61],"is":[13],"associated":[14,129],"with":[15,130,152,162],"exergy":[16,127],"destruction":[17,128],"caused":[18],"by":[19,37,92,195],"heat":[20,24,86,114,131,136],"transfer":[21,132],"in":[22,66,103,112,133,147,156],"recuperative":[23,135],"exchangers.":[25],"This":[26,88],"study":[27,191],"investigated":[28],"exergetic":[30,149],"optimization":[31,243],"gas":[34],"separation":[35,199,254],"systems":[36],"focusing":[38],"on":[39,210],"Claude-Heylandt":[41,203],"cycle":[42,165,204],"as":[43,244],"an":[44,197],"advanced":[45],"structural":[46,230],"modification":[47],"classical":[50],"Linde-Hampson":[51,164],"scheme.":[52],"An":[53],"exergy-based":[54,242],"analysis":[55],"demonstrates":[56],"that":[57],"minimizing":[58],"requires":[62],"progressive":[64],"reduction":[65],"temperature":[68,181],"difference":[69],"between":[70,116],"hot":[72],"forward":[73],"stream":[74,79,99],"and":[75,100,183,205,219,253],"cold":[77,82],"returning":[78],"toward":[80],"end":[83],"exchanger.":[87],"condition":[89],"was":[90,192],"achieved":[91],"extracting":[93],"fraction":[95,160],"high-pressure":[98],"expanding":[101],"it":[102],"parallel":[105],"expander,":[106],"thereby":[107],"creating":[108],"controlled":[110],"imbalance":[111],"capacities":[115],"two":[118],"streams.":[119],"The":[120,170,190,214,236],"proposed":[121],"configuration":[122,208],"reduces":[123],"exchanger":[137],"from":[138],"14%":[139],"to":[140,143],"3.5%,":[141],"leading":[142],"fourfold":[145],"increase":[146,155],"efficiency,":[150],"together":[151],"3.6-fold":[154],"liquefied":[158],"compared":[161],"operating":[166],"under":[167],"identical":[168],"conditions.":[169],"effects":[171],"key":[173],"decision":[174],"parameters,":[175],"including":[176],"compression":[178],"pressure,":[179],"imposed":[180],"differences,":[182],"expander":[184],"inlet":[185],"temperature,":[186],"were":[187,225],"systematically":[188],"analyzed.":[189],"further":[193,229],"extended":[194],"integrating":[196],"column":[200],"into":[201],"optimizing":[206],"its":[207],"based":[209],"entropy":[211],"generation":[212],"minimization.":[213],"optimal":[215],"liquid-air":[216],"feeding":[217],"height":[218],"threshold":[220],"number":[221],"rectification":[223],"trays":[224],"identified,":[226],"beyond":[227],"which":[228],"complexity":[231],"yielded":[232],"no":[233],"thermodynamic":[234],"benefit.":[235],"results":[237],"highlight":[238],"effectiveness":[240],"unified":[246],"design":[247],"criterion":[248],"for":[249],"both":[250],"processes.":[255]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-18T07:49:30.821534","created_date":"2026-01-22T00:00:00"}
