{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7124711747","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e28010115","title":"Extended Arimoto\u2013Blahut Algorithms for Bistatic Integrated Sensing and Communications Systems","display_name":"Extended Arimoto\u2013Blahut Algorithms for Bistatic Integrated Sensing and Communications Systems","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7124711747","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e28010115","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41594022"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e28010115","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e28010115","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/28/1/115/pdf?version=1768728344","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/28/1/115/pdf?version=1768728344","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092160816","display_name":"Tian Jiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tian Jiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0393-1042","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113404510","display_name":"Yanlin Geng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yanlin Geng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of ISN, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4451-7242","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of ISN, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123306955","display_name":"Zhiqiang Wei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiqiang Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3400-5590","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zai Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zai Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113404510"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08425916,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"1","first_page":"115","last_page":"115"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.3009999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.3009999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12879","display_name":"Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms","score":0.2337999939918518,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.18700000643730164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.6093999743461609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distortion","display_name":"Distortion (music)","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5267000198364258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logarithm","display_name":"Logarithm","score":0.4894999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4876999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.4869000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bistatic-radar","display_name":"Bistatic radar","score":0.4124000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.3912999927997589}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6983000040054321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6126000285148621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.6093999743461609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126780896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899871","display_name":"Distortion (music)","level":4,"score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5267000198364258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39927690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11197","display_name":"Logarithm","level":2,"score":0.4894999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4876999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.4869000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4194999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100102862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625855","display_name":"Bistatic radar","level":4,"score":0.4124000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3912999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987595161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Optimization algorithm","level":2,"score":0.3707999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.3483999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780803321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283073","display_name":"Distortion function","level":3,"score":0.31839999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41045048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202843","display_name":"Linear programming","level":2,"score":0.3174000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.30140000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.28290000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55660270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164377","display_name":"Constrained optimization","level":2,"score":0.26570001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.26570001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2653000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6180225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3411771","display_name":"Penalty method","level":2,"score":0.25189998745918274}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e28010115","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e28010115","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/28/1/115/pdf?version=1768728344","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41594022","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41594022","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fd7b5fe719914952a61a51c2b9b8b55b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fd7b5fe719914952a61a51c2b9b8b55b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 28, Iss 1, p 115 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12840500","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12840500/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e28010115","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e28010115","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/28/1/115/pdf?version=1768728344","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3673891818","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021YFA1000500","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4726732360","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023YFA1008600","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7124711747.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7124711747.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Integrated":[0],"Sensing":[1],"and":[2,36,123,133],"Communication":[3],"(ISAC)":[4],"has":[5],"emerged":[6],"as":[7,119],"a":[8,28,42],"cornerstone":[9],"technology":[10],"for":[11,61,128],"next-generation":[12],"wireless":[13],"networks,":[14],"where":[15],"accurate":[16],"performance":[17],"evaluation":[18],"is":[19,52],"essential.":[20],"In":[21,65],"such":[22],"systems,":[23],"the":[24,32,48,76,82,100,108,115,120,141,144],"capacity-distortion":[25,83],"function":[26],"provides":[27],"fundamental":[29],"measure":[30],"of":[31,44,143],"trade-off":[33,84],"between":[34],"communication":[35],"sensing":[37],"performance,":[38],"making":[39],"its":[40],"computation":[41],"problem":[43,51,79,102,113],"significant":[45],"interest.":[46],"However,":[47],"associated":[49,80],"optimization":[50,78,101,112],"often":[53],"constrained":[54,111],"by":[55],"non-convexity,":[56],"which":[57],"poses":[58],"considerable":[59],"challenges":[60],"deriving":[62],"effective":[63],"solutions.":[64],"this":[66],"paper,":[67],"we":[68,90],"propose":[69],"extended":[70,125],"Arimoto-Blahut":[71],"(AB)":[72],"algorithms":[73,127],"to":[74,94],"solve":[75],"non-convex":[77,96],"with":[81],"in":[85,99],"bistatic":[86],"ISAC":[87],"systems.":[88],"Specifically,":[89],"introduce":[91],"auxiliary":[92],"variables":[93],"transform":[95],"distortion":[97,132],"constraints":[98],"into":[103],"linear":[104],"constraints,":[105],"prove":[106],"that":[107],"reformulated":[109],"linearly":[110],"maintains":[114],"same":[116],"optimal":[117],"solution":[118],"original":[121],"problem,":[122],"develop":[124],"AB":[126],"both":[129],"squared":[130],"error":[131],"logarithmic":[134],"loss":[135],"distortion.":[136],"The":[137],"numerical":[138],"results":[139],"validate":[140],"effectiveness":[142],"proposed":[145],"algorithms.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2026-01-20T00:00:00"}