{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416228667","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27111156","title":"Road Agglomerate Fog Detection Method Based on the Fusion of SURF and Optical Flow Characteristics from UAV Perspective","display_name":"Road Agglomerate Fog Detection Method Based on the Fusion of SURF and Optical Flow Characteristics from UAV Perspective","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416228667","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27111156","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41294999"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e27111156","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27111156","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/11/1156/pdf?version=1763119954","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/11/1156/pdf?version=1763119954","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Fuyang Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099312","display_name":"Shandong Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01848hk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fuyang Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation and Logistic Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250357, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation and Logistic Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250357, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099312"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091627042","display_name":"Haiqing Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4094-7541"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099312","display_name":"Shandong Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01848hk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haiqing Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation and Logistic Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250357, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4094-7541","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation and Logistic Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250357, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099312"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100442193","display_name":"Mengmeng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7017-7093"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099312","display_name":"Shandong Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01848hk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengmeng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation and Logistic Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250357, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation and Logistic Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250357, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099312"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110366035","display_name":"Ma Jing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4550-4751"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099312","display_name":"Shandong Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01848hk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengyuan Jing","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation and Logistic Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250357, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4550-4751","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation and Logistic Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250357, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099312"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108576480","display_name":"Xiaolong Gong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099312","display_name":"Shandong Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01848hk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaolong Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation and Logistic Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250357, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation and Logistic Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250357, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099312"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091627042"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099312"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.31032331,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"11","first_page":"1156","last_page":"1156"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.6503999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.6503999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12597","display_name":"Fire Detection and Safety Systems","score":0.03180000185966492,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.03060000017285347,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agglomerate","display_name":"Agglomerate","score":0.8424999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.6412000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.5626999735832214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-flow","display_name":"Optical flow","score":0.5223000049591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.47749999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-fusion","display_name":"Image fusion","score":0.4092000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","score":0.3878999948501587}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129955480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1257738","display_name":"Agglomerate","level":2,"score":0.8424999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.6412000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.5626999735832214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5303999781608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155542232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736111","display_name":"Optical flow","level":3,"score":0.5223000049591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.47749999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4749000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.448199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.415800005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69744172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860822","display_name":"Image fusion","level":3,"score":0.4092000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3878999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.3605000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3091999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.30219998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123403432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q654068","display_name":"Visibility","level":2,"score":0.3005000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207512268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3074551","display_name":"Traffic flow (computer networking)","level":2,"score":0.27869999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150627866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076893","display_name":"Field of view","level":2,"score":0.25780001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776429412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4688011","display_name":"Aerial image","level":3,"score":0.25699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.2565000057220459}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e27111156","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27111156","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/11/1156/pdf?version=1763119954","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41294999","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41294999","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:92fcd2e3e23140df842062cd2a02da5c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/92fcd2e3e23140df842062cd2a02da5c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 27, Iss 11, p 1156 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e27111156","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27111156","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/11/1156/pdf?version=1763119954","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416228667.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1677409904","https://openalex.org/W2169356686","https://openalex.org/W2553942279","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2963073614","https://openalex.org/W2981640579","https://openalex.org/W3162390837","https://openalex.org/W4376105251","https://openalex.org/W4385625811","https://openalex.org/W4386879370","https://openalex.org/W4388207740","https://openalex.org/W4392206233","https://openalex.org/W4402038905","https://openalex.org/W4403129711","https://openalex.org/W4403712740","https://openalex.org/W4405386941","https://openalex.org/W4406150307","https://openalex.org/W4409884609","https://openalex.org/W4413159941"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Road":[0],"agglomerate":[1,39,46,64,97,155],"fog":[2,9,40,47,65,88,98,156],"seriously":[3],"threatens":[4],"driving":[5],"safety,":[6],"making":[7],"real-time":[8],"state":[10],"detection":[11,48,99],"crucial":[12],"for":[13,37,96,145,174],"implementing":[14],"reliable":[15],"traffic":[16],"control":[17],"measures.":[18],"With":[19],"advantages":[20],"in":[21,100],"aerial":[22],"perspective":[23,176],"and":[24,56,126,163,172,181],"a":[25,34,68,83,127,150],"broad":[26],"field":[27],"of":[28,54,86,93,143,154],"view,":[29],"UAVs":[30],"have":[31],"emerged":[32],"as":[33,104],"novel":[35,69],"solution":[36],"road":[38],"monitoring.":[41],"This":[42],"paper":[43],"proposes":[44],"an":[45,62],"method":[49,167],"based":[50,131],"on":[51,132],"the":[52,80,91,101,105,141,160],"fusion":[53,129,166,183],"SURF":[55,108,162],"optical":[57,117,164],"flow":[58,118,165],"characteristics.":[59],"To":[60],"synthesize":[61],"adequate":[63],"sample":[66,157],"set,":[67],"network":[70],"named":[71],"FogGAN":[72,144],"is":[73,109,119,135],"presented":[74],"by":[75],"injecting":[76],"physical":[77],"cues":[78],"into":[79],"generator":[81],"using":[82],"limited":[84],"number":[85],"field-collected":[87],"images.":[89,158],"Taking":[90],"region":[92],"interest":[94],"(ROI)":[95],"UAV":[102,175],"image":[103],"basic":[106],"unit,":[107],"employed":[110,120],"to":[111,121,148],"describe":[112],"static":[113],"texture":[114],"features,":[115],"while":[116],"capture":[122],"frame-to-frame":[123],"motion":[124],"characteristics,":[125],"multi-feature":[128],"approach":[130],"Bayesian":[133],"theory":[134],"subsequently":[136],"introduced.":[137],"Experimental":[138],"results":[139],"demonstrate":[140],"effectiveness":[142],"its":[146],"capability":[147],"generate":[149],"more":[151],"realistic":[152],"dataset":[153],"Furthermore,":[159],"proposed":[161],"performs":[168],"higher":[169],"precision,":[170],"recall,":[171],"F1-score":[173],"images":[177],"compared":[178],"with":[179],"XGBoost-based":[180],"survey-informed":[182],"methods.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-11-14T00:00:00"}