{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414588787","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27101021","title":"Dynamic Evolution and Convergence of the Coupled and Coordinated Development of Urban\u2013Rural Basic Education in China","display_name":"Dynamic Evolution and Convergence of the Coupled and Coordinated Development of Urban\u2013Rural Basic Education in China","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414588787","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27101021","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41148981"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e27101021","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27101021","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/10/1021/pdf?version=1759126239","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/10/1021/pdf?version=1759126239","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086012781","display_name":"Fangyu Ju","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2107-2305"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111753288","display_name":"Fujian Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/020azk594","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111753288"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fangyu Ju","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Statistics, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2107-2305","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111753288"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113425127","display_name":"Qijin Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111753288","display_name":"Fujian Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/020azk594","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111753288"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qijin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Statistics, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111753288"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100370052","display_name":"Zhiyong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9247-5019"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111753288","display_name":"Fujian Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/020azk594","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111753288"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Statistics, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9247-5019","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111753288"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113425127"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111753288"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.33945866,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"10","first_page":"1021","last_page":"1021"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11770","display_name":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11770","display_name":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.9786999821662903,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14051","display_name":"Regional Economic and Spatial Analysis","score":0.9283999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.6114000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.5561000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gini-coefficient","display_name":"Gini coefficient","score":0.5497999787330627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.5239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/per-capita","display_name":"Per capita","score":0.506600022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.5008999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/panel-data","display_name":"Panel data","score":0.4535999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inequality","display_name":"Inequality","score":0.4156999886035919}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6114000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.5666999816894531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.5561000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779206190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162455","display_name":"Gini coefficient","level":4,"score":0.5497999787330627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.5239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127598652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q558635","display_name":"Per capita","level":3,"score":0.506600022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5008999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6422946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354","display_name":"Panel data","level":2,"score":0.4535999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.42719998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.4156999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779175122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3309206","display_name":"Basic education","level":2,"score":0.39660000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776542497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5266672","display_name":"Development (topology)","level":2,"score":0.38100001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.3806999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148383697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781695","display_name":"Regional science","level":1,"score":0.31869998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.3158999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97144632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574062","display_name":"Spatial econometrics","level":2,"score":0.3131999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129703110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2425336","display_name":"Conditional convergence","level":3,"score":0.3111000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780083587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5308081","display_name":"Driving factors","level":3,"score":0.3012999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163836022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6771326","display_name":"Markov model","level":3,"score":0.3003000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.30000001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.29339998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57869625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783502","display_name":"Rate of convergence","level":3,"score":0.2865000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160443848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45918","display_name":"Per capita income","level":2,"score":0.2759999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.26969999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39853841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161078","display_name":"Urbanization","level":2,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196956702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795829","display_name":"Maximum-entropy Markov model","level":5,"score":0.2529999911785126}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e27101021","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27101021","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/10/1021/pdf?version=1759126239","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41148981","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41148981","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:96fa9479abe4458998b39cfa934384fb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/96fa9479abe4458998b39cfa934384fb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 27, Iss 10, p 1021 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11367434","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12564820","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e27101021","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27101021","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/10/1021/pdf?version=1759126239","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2550154701","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"24BTJ067","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335869","funder_display_name":"National Social Science Fund of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4231499207","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"19YJC790051","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336573","funder_display_name":"Humanities and Social Sciences Youth Foundation, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4744909969","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"19YJC790051","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321106","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6692740685","display_name":"\u534a\u53c2\u6570\u7a7a\u95f4\u81ea\u56de\u5f52\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u4f30\u8ba1\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"2025J01671","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321878","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G735640165","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024J01072","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321878","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321106","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321878","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335869","display_name":"National Social Science Fund of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336573","display_name":"Humanities and Social Sciences Youth Foundation, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414588787.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414588787.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2033581041","https://openalex.org/W2103213067","https://openalex.org/W2361015282","https://openalex.org/W2775379175","https://openalex.org/W2921551165","https://openalex.org/W3013561710","https://openalex.org/W3021265300","https://openalex.org/W3091016024","https://openalex.org/W3122693915","https://openalex.org/W3123557974","https://openalex.org/W3123941543","https://openalex.org/W3136618384","https://openalex.org/W3175006726","https://openalex.org/W3202172933","https://openalex.org/W3214206720","https://openalex.org/W4210288413","https://openalex.org/W4220694149","https://openalex.org/W4281808823","https://openalex.org/W4308901995","https://openalex.org/W4310990171","https://openalex.org/W4313680815","https://openalex.org/W4316469876","https://openalex.org/W4319984316","https://openalex.org/W4323312406","https://openalex.org/W4362660521","https://openalex.org/W4381616120","https://openalex.org/W4382601548","https://openalex.org/W4387530207","https://openalex.org/W4388420173","https://openalex.org/W4391722941","https://openalex.org/W4395064072","https://openalex.org/W4395684539","https://openalex.org/W4399258325","https://openalex.org/W4400449619","https://openalex.org/W4403501427","https://openalex.org/W4405551103","https://openalex.org/W4408249425","https://openalex.org/W4408669271","https://openalex.org/W4409151866","https://openalex.org/W4409441017","https://openalex.org/W4410397851"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Understanding":[0],"the":[1,35,47,60,89,92,95,98,117,121,125,132,136,160,170,174,188,191],"coupled":[2,36],"and":[3,9,20,37,52,67,97,106,124,190,202],"coordinated":[4,38],"development":[5,39],"of":[6,41,120,128,173,198],"China's":[7,24],"urban":[8],"rural":[10],"basic":[11,43],"education":[12,44],"systems":[13],"is":[14],"crucial":[15],"for":[16,80],"fostering":[17],"their":[18,152],"interaction":[19],"synergistic":[21],"growth.":[22],"Using":[23],"provincial":[25],"panel":[26],"data":[27],"from":[28],"2011":[29],"to":[30,131,150],"2023,":[31],"this":[32,58],"study":[33,90],"measures":[34],"level":[40],"urban-rural":[42],"(CCD-URBE)":[45],"via":[46],"entropy":[48],"weight":[49],"method,":[50,65],"G1-method":[51],"coupling":[53],"coordination":[54],"degree":[55],"model.":[56],"On":[57],"basis,":[59],"Dagum":[61],"Gini":[62],"coefficient":[63],"decomposition":[64],"traditional":[66],"spatial":[68],"Markov":[69],"chain":[70],"models,":[71],"as":[72,74,146],"well":[73],"convergence":[75,214],"test":[76],"models":[77],"are":[78,116,223],"employed":[79],"empirical":[81],"research.":[82],"The":[83,141,185,205],"results":[84],"show":[85,109],"that:":[86],"(1)":[87],"During":[88],"period,":[91],"CCD-URBE":[93,142,154,168,181,186],"across":[94,187],"nation":[96,189],"four":[99,192],"major":[100,193],"regions":[101,148,194],"improves":[102],"significantly.":[103,164],"Both":[104],"intra-regional":[105],"inter-regional":[107],"disparities":[108,115,134],"a":[110],"consistent":[111],"downward":[112],"trend.":[113],"Inter-regional":[114],"main":[118],"source":[119],"overall":[122,133],"disparities,":[123],"contribution":[126],"rate":[127],"transvariation":[129],"density":[130],"exhibits":[135,212],"most":[137,147],"significant":[138],"increase.":[139],"(2)":[140],"demonstrates":[143],"strong":[144],"stability,":[145],"tend":[149],"maintain":[151],"original":[153],"grades.":[155],"Meanwhile,":[156],"neighborhood":[157],"grades":[158],"moderate":[159],"local":[161,175],"transition":[162],"probability":[163],"Neighborhoods":[165],"with":[166,179],"high":[167],"promote":[169],"upward":[171],"improvement":[172],"CCD-URBE,":[176,211],"while":[177],"those":[178],"low":[180],"inhibit":[182],"it.":[183],"(3)":[184],"shows":[195],"obvious":[196],"trends":[197],"\u03c3-convergence,":[199],"absolute":[200],"\u03b2-convergence,":[201],"conditional":[203],"\u03b2-convergence.":[204],"central":[206],"region,":[207],"which":[208],"has":[209],"lower":[210],"higher":[213],"speed.":[215],"Based":[216],"on":[217],"these":[218],"findings,":[219],"targeted":[220],"policy":[221],"implications":[222],"derived.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-13T07:31:44.756512","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
