{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414142620","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27090937","title":"3V-GM: A Tri-Layer \u201cPoint\u2013Line\u2013Plane\u201d Critical Node Identification Algorithm for New Power Systems","display_name":"3V-GM: A Tri-Layer \u201cPoint\u2013Line\u2013Plane\u201d Critical Node Identification Algorithm for New Power Systems","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414142620","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27090937","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41008063"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e27090937","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27090937","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/9/937/pdf?version=1757232373","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/9/937/pdf?version=1757232373","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091248956","display_name":"Yuzhuo Dai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuzhuo Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Network System Architecture and Convergence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4697-226X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Network System Architecture and Convergence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100769198","display_name":"Min Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7324-9187"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Min Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Network System Architecture and Convergence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7324-9187","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Network System Architecture and Convergence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Gengchen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5647-363X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gengchen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Network System Architecture and Convergence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5647-363X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Network System Architecture and Convergence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tianze Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7249-7710"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianze Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Network System Architecture and Convergence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7249-7710","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Network System Architecture and Convergence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100769198"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.21846739,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"9","first_page":"937","last_page":"937"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13650","display_name":"Computational Physics and Python Applications","score":0.9657999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.6079000234603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phasor-measurement-unit","display_name":"Phasor measurement unit","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cascading-failure","display_name":"Cascading failure","score":0.4952999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.47429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.47279998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.4562000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/python","display_name":"Python (programming language)","score":0.4408999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phasor","display_name":"Phasor","score":0.4140999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.4056999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.3885999917984009}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6586999893188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.6079000234603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778229166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8290","display_name":"Phasor measurement unit","level":5,"score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5325000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119323957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048226","display_name":"Cascading failure","level":4,"score":0.4952999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.47429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.47279998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.4562000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519991488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28865","display_name":"Python (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4408999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176605952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827674","display_name":"Phasor","level":4,"score":0.4140999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.4056999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.3885999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140311924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200928","display_name":"Electric power transmission","level":2,"score":0.3668000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53811970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5062194","display_name":"Centrality","level":2,"score":0.3467000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986056383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q556030","display_name":"Power flow","level":4,"score":0.3353999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3325999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158693339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190524","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","level":2,"score":0.33009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.3102000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.3100999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196796808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132629","display_name":"Electrical network","level":2,"score":0.3086000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125611927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17008131","display_name":"Criticality","level":2,"score":0.2946999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57869625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783502","display_name":"Rate of convergence","level":3,"score":0.28679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40293303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27137","display_name":"Electric power","level":3,"score":0.2851000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.27300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108755667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258","display_name":"AC power","level":3,"score":0.27250000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128942645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1568346","display_name":"Test case","level":3,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92018576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3242194","display_name":"Power transmission","level":3,"score":0.26600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33441834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693004","display_name":"Transmission line","level":2,"score":0.2614000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.25529998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34947359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q665189","display_name":"Complex network","level":2,"score":0.2547999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45340560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215382","display_name":"Disjoint sets","level":2,"score":0.25270000100135803}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e27090937","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27090937","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/9/937/pdf?version=1757232373","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41008063","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41008063","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:308d01178959491594a4f8ac1b9ad3ad","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/308d01178959491594a4f8ac1b9ad3ad","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 27, Iss 9, p 937 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11277105","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12468754","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12468754","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12468754/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e27090937","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27090937","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/9/937/pdf?version=1757232373","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1790169944","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U22B2033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2654959225","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62325203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4555316812","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024YQTD02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321470","funder_display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4685311096","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFB2902500","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321470","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414142620.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414142620.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971937094","https://openalex.org/W2035725046","https://openalex.org/W2037326585","https://openalex.org/W2083638266","https://openalex.org/W2094724469","https://openalex.org/W2112090702","https://openalex.org/W2133131640","https://openalex.org/W2329617807","https://openalex.org/W2547021859","https://openalex.org/W2616591171","https://openalex.org/W2908625373","https://openalex.org/W2948445876","https://openalex.org/W2950545499","https://openalex.org/W2963865981","https://openalex.org/W3106329802","https://openalex.org/W3139271619","https://openalex.org/W3171845654","https://openalex.org/W4213278816","https://openalex.org/W4283277456","https://openalex.org/W4286255641","https://openalex.org/W4286493272","https://openalex.org/W4310130606","https://openalex.org/W4313260753","https://openalex.org/W4384026837","https://openalex.org/W4386495526","https://openalex.org/W4395685666","https://openalex.org/W4396664834","https://openalex.org/W4400232977","https://openalex.org/W4400489192","https://openalex.org/W4402570409","https://openalex.org/W4403675564","https://openalex.org/W4403826991","https://openalex.org/W4408350328","https://openalex.org/W4409573842"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W3101030220","https://openalex.org/W1570562499","https://openalex.org/W1630264349","https://openalex.org/W102371419","https://openalex.org/W3021583805","https://openalex.org/W2382326160","https://openalex.org/W2371953206","https://openalex.org/W935503476","https://openalex.org/W2349543044"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,7,37,46,51,64,80,97,108,116,144,147,158,161,168,216,232,238,254,259,266],"increasing":[2],"penetration":[3],"of":[4,12,56,110,136,160,219,243,262],"renewable":[5],"energy,":[6],"stochastic":[8],"and":[9,18,53,73,194,198,241,252],"intermittent":[10],"nature":[11],"its":[13,91],"generation":[14],"increases":[15],"operational":[16,187],"uncertainty":[17],"vulnerability,":[19],"posing":[20],"significant":[21],"challenges":[22],"for":[23],"grid":[24],"stability.":[25],"However,":[26],"traditional":[27],"algorithms":[28],"typically":[29],"identify":[30],"critical":[31],"nodes":[32,127,152,220],"by":[33,44,142,207,222],"focusing":[34],"solely":[35],"on":[36,167],"network":[38],"topology":[39],"or":[40,43],"power":[41,196],"flow,":[42],"combining":[45],"two,":[47],"which":[48,70,250],"leads":[49,224],"to":[50,106,123,225,231,265],"inaccurate":[52],"incomplete":[54],"identification":[55],"essential":[57],"nodes.":[58,114],"To":[59,156],"address":[60],"this,":[61],"we":[62,83,100,119],"propose":[63],"Three-Dimensional":[65],"Value-Based":[66],"Gravity":[67],"Model":[68],"(3V-GM),":[69],"integrates":[71],"structural":[72],"electrical-physical":[74],"attributes":[75],"across":[76],"three":[77,255],"layers.":[78],"In":[79,96,115],"plane":[81],"layer,":[82,99,118],"combine":[84],"each":[85,263],"node's":[86],"global":[87],"topological":[88],"position":[89],"with":[90,186],"real-time":[92],"supply-demand":[93],"voltage":[94],"state.":[95],"line":[98],"introduce":[101],"an":[102,247],"electrical":[103],"coupling":[104],"distance":[105],"quantify":[107],"strength":[109],"electromagnetic":[111],"interactions":[112],"between":[113],"point":[117],"apply":[120],"eigenvector":[121],"centrality":[122],"detect":[124],"latent":[125],"hub":[126],"whose":[128],"influence":[129],"is":[130],"not":[131],"immediately":[132],"apparent.":[133],"The":[134,179,210],"performance":[135],"our":[137,244],"proposed":[138],"method":[139],"was":[140],"evaluated":[141],"examining":[143],"change":[145],"in":[146],"load":[148,228],"loss":[149,229],"rate":[150],"as":[151,172,174,190],"were":[153,165,181],"sequentially":[154],"removed.":[155],"assess":[157],"effectiveness":[159],"3V-GM":[162,223],"approach,":[163],"simulations":[164,180],"conducted":[166],"IEEE":[169],"39":[170],"system,":[171],"well":[173],"six":[175,233],"other":[176],"benchmark":[177],"networks.":[178],"performed":[182],"using":[183],"Python":[184],"scripts,":[185],"parameters":[188],"such":[189],"bus":[191],"voltages,":[192],"active":[193],"reactive":[195],"flows,":[197],"branch":[199],"impedances":[200],"obtained":[201],"from":[202],"standard":[203],"test":[204],"cases":[205],"provided":[206],"MATPOWER":[208],"v7.1.":[209],"results":[211],"consistently":[212],"show":[213],"that":[214],"removing":[215],"same":[217],"number":[218],"identified":[221],"a":[226],"greater":[227],"compared":[230],"baseline":[234],"methods.":[235],"This":[236],"demonstrates":[237],"superior":[239],"accuracy":[240],"stability":[242],"approach.":[245],"Additionally,":[246],"ablation":[248],"experiment,":[249],"decomposed":[251],"recombined":[253],"layers,":[256],"further":[257],"highlights":[258],"unique":[260],"contribution":[261],"component":[264],"overall":[267],"performance.":[268]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
