{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414142060","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27090936","title":"Infodemic Source Detection with Information Flow: Foundations and Scalable Computation","display_name":"Infodemic Source Detection with Information Flow: Foundations and Scalable Computation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414142060","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27090936","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41008062"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e27090936","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27090936","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/9/936/pdf?version=1757381958","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/9/936/pdf?version=1757381958","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101501412","display_name":"Zimeng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2757-7208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zimeng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2757-7208","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084598007","display_name":"Chao Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4165-2123"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4165-2123","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001945705","display_name":"Qiaoqiao Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9779-7225"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152380","display_name":"Shenzhen Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzpec27","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152380"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiaoqiao Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9779-7225","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210152380"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079559561","display_name":"Chee Wei Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-9752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chee Wei Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639978, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-9752","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639978, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065701256","display_name":"Chung Chan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2006-0898"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chung Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2006-0898","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065701256","https://openalex.org/A5079559561"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708","https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.29382176,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"9","first_page":"936","last_page":"936"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.720300018787384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snapshot","display_name":"Snapshot (computer storage)","score":0.6471999883651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.5645999908447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5264999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.3856000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rumor","display_name":"Rumor","score":0.3734999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multicast","display_name":"Multicast","score":0.3434000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-source","display_name":"Data source","score":0.335099995136261}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.720300018787384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55282118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252683","display_name":"Snapshot (computer storage)","level":2,"score":0.6471999883651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.5645999908447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5264999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4260999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4092999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.3856000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.38029998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780469804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q878352","display_name":"Rumor","level":2,"score":0.3734999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32295351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899288","display_name":"Multicast","level":2,"score":0.3434000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983685735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227355","display_name":"Data source","level":2,"score":0.335099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49781872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045555","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","level":2,"score":0.31200000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934498","display_name":"Multi-source","level":2,"score":0.2962000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.295199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148764684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621751","display_name":"Approximation algorithm","level":2,"score":0.28060001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182081679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1275153","display_name":"Expectation\u2013maximization algorithm","level":3,"score":0.2793000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.26989999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779136372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10283002","display_name":"Information flow","level":2,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131222","display_name":"Information theory","level":2,"score":0.26429998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778029271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421931","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","level":2,"score":0.26010000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.2538999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.25099998712539673}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e27090936","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27090936","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/9/936/pdf?version=1757381958","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41008062","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41008062","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/204897","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/204897","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/9032d228-27ba-4c74-b40b-802c2cb70458","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2031/9032d228-27ba-4c74-b40b-802c2cb70458","pdf_url":"https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/files/316801736/308679687.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055387","display_name":"CityU Scholars","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Wang, Z, Zhao, C, Zhou, Q, Tan, C W & Chan, C 2025, 'Infodemic Source Detection with Information Flow : Foundations and Scalable Computation', Entropy, vol. 27, no. 9, 936. https://doi.org/10.3390/e27090936","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ea9bf1f2d39c44cd99f74c62d1646978","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ea9bf1f2d39c44cd99f74c62d1646978","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 27, Iss 9, p 936 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11277412","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12469017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12469017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12469017/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e27090936","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27090936","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/9/936/pdf?version=1757381958","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2950372441","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2025A1515012130","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6351657704","display_name":"Development of Massive Data Analytics for Rumor Source Detection and Faked News Invalidation against Infodemic","funder_award_id":"ITS/188/20","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321920","funder_display_name":"Innovation and Technology Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6782468362","display_name":"Development of Massive Data Analytics for Rumor Source Detection and Faked News Invalidation against Infodemic","funder_award_id":"ITS/188/20","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326427","funder_display_name":"Innovation and Technology Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321920","display_name":"Innovation and Technology Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/04vf9tr09"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326427","display_name":"Innovation and Technology Fund","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414142060.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414142060.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1680189815","https://openalex.org/W1966408535","https://openalex.org/W2008620264","https://openalex.org/W2012559698","https://openalex.org/W2017967704","https://openalex.org/W2048235391","https://openalex.org/W2087169234","https://openalex.org/W2105831729","https://openalex.org/W2106403318","https://openalex.org/W2111772797","https://openalex.org/W2112090702","https://openalex.org/W2113940092","https://openalex.org/W2121205191","https://openalex.org/W2123562143","https://openalex.org/W2138784417","https://openalex.org/W2138928022","https://openalex.org/W2500139799","https://openalex.org/W2799635853","https://openalex.org/W2804365752","https://openalex.org/W2907028664","https://openalex.org/W2914035075","https://openalex.org/W2963121099","https://openalex.org/W3127885387","https://openalex.org/W3143219376","https://openalex.org/W4210947478","https://openalex.org/W4213292645","https://openalex.org/W4213443911","https://openalex.org/W4244638572","https://openalex.org/W4249261887","https://openalex.org/W4294292920","https://openalex.org/W4383112291","https://openalex.org/W4401693030","https://openalex.org/W4406890914","https://openalex.org/W4407230729"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2389214306","https://openalex.org/W1774065174","https://openalex.org/W2090404167","https://openalex.org/W2016224355","https://openalex.org/W2388615687","https://openalex.org/W2129858673","https://openalex.org/W2518891271","https://openalex.org/W2147462260","https://openalex.org/W4288600360","https://openalex.org/W3016796767"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"consider":[1,87],"the":[2,6,23,31,43,54,78,91,94,132],"problem":[3],"of":[4,8,19,80],"identifying":[5],"source":[7,55,112,134],"a":[9,12,16,67,126],"rumor":[10,24,92],"in":[11,57],"network,":[13],"given":[14],"only":[15],"snapshot":[17],"observation":[18,74],"infected":[20],"nodes":[21],"after":[22],"has":[25],"spread.":[26],"Classical":[27],"approaches,":[28],"such":[29],"as":[30],"maximum":[32,37],"likelihood":[33,38],"(ML)":[34],"and":[35,93,106,114,118,128],"joint":[36],"(JML)":[39],"estimators":[40],"based":[41],"on":[42,90,131],"conventional":[44],"Susceptible-Infectious":[45],"(SI)":[46],"model,":[47],"exhibit":[48],"degeneracy,":[49],"failing":[50],"to":[51],"uniquely":[52],"identify":[53],"even":[56],"simple":[58],"network":[59],"structures.":[60],"To":[61,76],"address":[62],"these":[63],"limitations,":[64],"we":[65,102],"propose":[66],"generalized":[68],"estimator":[69],"that":[70],"incorporates":[71],"independent":[72],"random":[73],"times.":[75],"capture":[77],"structure":[79],"information":[81],"flow":[82],"beyond":[83],"graphs,":[84],"our":[85],"formulations":[86],"rate":[88],"constraints":[89],"multicast":[95],"capacities":[96],"for":[97,110],"cyclic":[98],"polylinking":[99],"networks.":[100],"Furthermore,":[101],"develop":[103],"forward":[104],"elimination":[105],"backward":[107],"search":[108],"algorithms":[109],"rate-constrained":[111],"detection":[113],"validate":[115],"their":[116],"effectiveness":[117],"scalability":[119],"through":[120],"comprehensive":[121],"simulations.":[122],"Our":[123],"study":[124],"establishes":[125],"rigorous":[127],"scalable":[129],"foundation":[130],"infodemic":[133],"detection.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}