{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411888973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27070697","title":"Landauer Principle and Einstein Synchronization of Clocks: Ramsey Approach","display_name":"Landauer Principle and Einstein Synchronization of Clocks: Ramsey Approach","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411888973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27070697","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40724414"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e27070697","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27070697","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/7/697/pdf?version=1751168423","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/7/697/pdf?version=1751168423","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088635445","display_name":"Edward Bormashenko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1356-2486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52170813","display_name":"Ariel University","ror":"https://ror.org/03nz8qe97","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52170813"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Edward Bormashenko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, Engineering Sciences Faculty, Ariel University, Ariel 407000, Israel"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1356-2486","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, Engineering Sciences Faculty, Ariel University, Ariel 407000, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52170813"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032131820","display_name":"Michael Nosonovsky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0980-3670"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43579087","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee","ror":"https://ror.org/031q21x57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Nosonovsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0980-3670","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088635445"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52170813"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.11641265,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"7","first_page":"697","last_page":"697"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11520","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11520","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12220","display_name":"Quantum Electrodynamics and Casimir Effect","score":0.9713000059127808,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.6048368811607361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.591437041759491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-synchronization","display_name":"Clock synchronization","score":0.5597575306892395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/einstein","display_name":"Einstein","score":0.5240806937217712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dissipation","display_name":"Dissipation","score":0.5224617719650269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.500288724899292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degrees-of-freedom","display_name":"Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry)","score":0.44790008664131165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-clocking-signal","display_name":"Self-clocking signal","score":0.4303801953792572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photon","display_name":"Photon","score":0.4196886122226715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.38074791431427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.35745012760162354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.3549165725708008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.35479384660720825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2816089391708374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.277446985244751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.1754986047744751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.11389315128326416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.10882648825645447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-signal","display_name":"Clock signal","score":0.08207640051841736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-skew","display_name":"Clock skew","score":0.08184477686882019}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.6048368811607361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.591437041759491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129891060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513059","display_name":"Clock synchronization","level":4,"score":0.5597575306892395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146846114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901448","display_name":"Einstein","level":2,"score":0.5240806937217712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135402231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898440","display_name":"Dissipation","level":2,"score":0.5224617719650269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.500288724899292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C208081375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274502","display_name":"Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.44790008664131165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171051901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2389679","display_name":"Self-clocking signal","level":5,"score":0.4303801953792572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159317903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3198","display_name":"Photon","level":2,"score":0.4196886122226715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.38074791431427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.35745012760162354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.3549165725708008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.35479384660720825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2816089391708374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.277446985244751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.1754986047744751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.11389315128326416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.10882648825645447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137059387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q426882","display_name":"Clock signal","level":3,"score":0.08207640051841736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60501442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4382014","display_name":"Clock skew","level":4,"score":0.08184477686882019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e27070697","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27070697","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/7/697/pdf?version=1751168423","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40724414","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40724414","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2d4ec150b0cb4534995dbfc17137f308","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2d4ec150b0cb4534995dbfc17137f308","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 27, Iss 7, p 697 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12294463","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12294463","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e27070697","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27070697","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/7/697/pdf?version=1751168423","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7300000190734863}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411888973.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411888973.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1548042637","https://openalex.org/W1964777250","https://openalex.org/W1986041196","https://openalex.org/W2004455472","https://openalex.org/W2015931928","https://openalex.org/W2018365574","https://openalex.org/W2049450494","https://openalex.org/W2056278505","https://openalex.org/W2071214852","https://openalex.org/W2077904631","https://openalex.org/W2089910395","https://openalex.org/W2091637417","https://openalex.org/W2118875018","https://openalex.org/W2154550634","https://openalex.org/W2228026312","https://openalex.org/W2253935333","https://openalex.org/W2323842480","https://openalex.org/W2487530804","https://openalex.org/W2545836293","https://openalex.org/W2756213202","https://openalex.org/W2964600368","https://openalex.org/W2971453331","https://openalex.org/W3012455330","https://openalex.org/W3022460313","https://openalex.org/W3038152539","https://openalex.org/W3048440456","https://openalex.org/W3098905403","https://openalex.org/W3102205887","https://openalex.org/W3102485306","https://openalex.org/W3102749427","https://openalex.org/W3123730947","https://openalex.org/W3125324137","https://openalex.org/W3137220996","https://openalex.org/W3170433343","https://openalex.org/W4232896595","https://openalex.org/W4233798822","https://openalex.org/W4237310371","https://openalex.org/W4238838407","https://openalex.org/W4251347055","https://openalex.org/W4310477364","https://openalex.org/W4313566277","https://openalex.org/W4383554710","https://openalex.org/W4386477379","https://openalex.org/W4390882424","https://openalex.org/W4392747238","https://openalex.org/W4404590926","https://openalex.org/W4408082443","https://openalex.org/W4409798060","https://openalex.org/W6629742986","https://openalex.org/W6677842603","https://openalex.org/W6779830619"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2377322309","https://openalex.org/W2801120868","https://openalex.org/W2006392656","https://openalex.org/W2003321974","https://openalex.org/W2147879203","https://openalex.org/W2187730212","https://openalex.org/W4312714696","https://openalex.org/W2364948717","https://openalex.org/W1986532039","https://openalex.org/W2356054222"],"abstract_inverted_index":{".":[0],"Synchronization":[1],"is":[2,35,85,94,132,180],"achieved":[3],"by":[4,17,37,88],"transmitting":[5],"photons":[6,126],"from":[7],"one":[8],"clock":[9,19,131],"to":[10,68,175],"another;":[11],"the":[12,21,38,44,52,61,72,89,119,172],"absorption":[13],"of":[14,49,51,64,83,99,105,127,145,159,171,178],"a":[15,18,111,141,151,155],"photon":[16],"reduces":[20],"uncertainty":[22,34,57],"in":[23,33,56,60,71,79,140],"its":[24],"timekeeping.":[25],"The":[26,75,92,169],"minimum":[27,76],"energy":[28,77],"required":[29],"for":[30,96],"this":[31],"reduction":[32,55],"determined":[36],"Landauer":[39,90],"bound.":[40],"We":[41,101],"distinguish":[42],"between":[43],"time-bearing":[45,62],"and":[46,107],"non-time-bearing":[47,73,81],"degrees":[48,63,82],"freedom":[50,65,84],"clocks.":[53,100,146],"A":[54],"under":[58],"synchronization":[59,98,109],"necessarily":[66],"leads":[67],"heat":[69],"dissipation":[70,78],"ones.":[74],"these":[80],"likewise":[86],"given":[87],"limit.":[91],"same":[93,120],"true":[95],"mechanical":[97],"also":[102],"consider":[103],"lattices":[104,177],"clocks":[106,116,160,179],"analyze":[108],"using":[110,125],"Ramsey":[112,173],"graph":[113,144,152],"approach.":[114],"Notably,":[115],"operating":[117],"at":[118],"temperature":[121],"may":[122],"be":[123],"synchronized":[124,136,165],"different":[128],"frequencies.":[129],"Each":[130],"categorized":[133],"as":[134],"either":[135,163],"or":[137,166],"non-synchronized,":[138],"resulting":[139],"bi-colored":[142],"complete":[143],"By":[147],"Ramsey's":[148],"theorem,":[149],"such":[150],"inevitably":[153],"contains":[154],"triad":[156],"(or":[157],"loop)":[158],"that":[161],"are":[162],"all":[164,167],"non-synchronized.":[168],"extension":[170],"approach":[174],"infinite":[176],"reported.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
