{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411889005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27070692","title":"Transverse Self-Propulsion Enhances the Aggregation of Active Dumbbells","display_name":"Transverse Self-Propulsion Enhances the Aggregation of Active Dumbbells","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411889005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27070692","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40724409"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e27070692","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27070692","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/7/692/pdf?version=1751278373","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/7/692/pdf?version=1751278373","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006965375","display_name":"Pasquale Digregorio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6567-9382"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112283","display_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari","ror":"https://ror.org/022hq6c49","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160013858","https://openalex.org/I4210112283"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pasquale Digregorio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Bari and INFN, Sezione di Bari, Via Amendola 173, 70126 Bari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6567-9382","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Bari and INFN, Sezione di Bari, Via Amendola 173, 70126 Bari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112283"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068855397","display_name":"Claudio B. Caporusso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4435-6602"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112283","display_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari","ror":"https://ror.org/022hq6c49","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160013858","https://openalex.org/I4210112283"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claudio Basilio Caporusso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Bari and INFN, Sezione di Bari, Via Amendola 173, 70126 Bari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4435-6602","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Bari and INFN, Sezione di Bari, Via Amendola 173, 70126 Bari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112283"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118758522","display_name":"Lucio Mauro Carenza","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112283","display_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari","ror":"https://ror.org/022hq6c49","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160013858","https://openalex.org/I4210112283"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucio Mauro Carenza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Bari and INFN, Sezione di Bari, Via Amendola 173, 70126 Bari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9128-8200","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Bari and INFN, Sezione di Bari, Via Amendola 173, 70126 Bari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112283"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056676751","display_name":"Giuseppe Gonnella","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1829-4743"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112283","display_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari","ror":"https://ror.org/022hq6c49","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160013858","https://openalex.org/I4210112283"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe Gonnella","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Bari and INFN, Sezione di Bari, Via Amendola 173, 70126 Bari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1829-4743","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Bari and INFN, Sezione di Bari, Via Amendola 173, 70126 Bari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112283"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004044483","display_name":"Daniele Moretti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5152-655X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112283","display_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari","ror":"https://ror.org/022hq6c49","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160013858","https://openalex.org/I4210112283"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniela Moretti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Bari and INFN, Sezione di Bari, Via Amendola 173, 70126 Bari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5152-655X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Bari and INFN, Sezione di Bari, Via Amendola 173, 70126 Bari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112283"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052551775","display_name":"Giuseppe Negro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1755-7051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe Negro","raw_affiliation_strings":["SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1755-7051","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032997603","display_name":"Massimiliano Semeraro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8273-4232"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112283","display_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari","ror":"https://ror.org/022hq6c49","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160013858","https://openalex.org/I4210112283"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Massimiliano Semeraro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Bari and INFN, Sezione di Bari, Via Amendola 173, 70126 Bari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8273-4232","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Bari and INFN, Sezione di Bari, Via Amendola 173, 70126 Bari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112283"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000600591","display_name":"Antonio Suma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5049-9255"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112283","display_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari","ror":"https://ror.org/022hq6c49","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160013858","https://openalex.org/I4210112283"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Suma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Bari and INFN, Sezione di Bari, Via Amendola 173, 70126 Bari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5049-9255","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Bari and INFN, Sezione di Bari, Via Amendola 173, 70126 Bari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112283"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006965375"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112283"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.992,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76135361,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"7","first_page":"692","last_page":"692"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11486","display_name":"Micro and Nano Robotics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11486","display_name":"Micro and Nano Robotics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11915","display_name":"Pickering emulsions and particle stabilization","score":0.9732000231742859,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9638000130653381,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dumbbell","display_name":"Dumbbell","score":0.7342844009399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scaling","display_name":"Scaling","score":0.6950771808624268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","score":0.6669085621833801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nucleation","display_name":"Nucleation","score":0.5707505345344543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binodal","display_name":"Binodal","score":0.5630091428756714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.5214861631393433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transverse-plane","display_name":"Transverse plane","score":0.48439961671829224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/axial-symmetry","display_name":"Axial symmetry","score":0.48028016090393066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.43879270553588867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-physics","display_name":"Chemical physics","score":0.43430081009864807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radius","display_name":"RADIUS","score":0.42171114683151245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radius-of-gyration","display_name":"Radius of gyration","score":0.421016126871109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-boundary","display_name":"Phase boundary","score":0.411474347114563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.40954986214637756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/condensed-matter-physics","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","score":0.3673895299434662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-physics","display_name":"Molecular physics","score":0.3585473895072937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polymer","display_name":"Polymer","score":0.17493683099746704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-diagram","display_name":"Phase diagram","score":0.1640489101409912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.11015713214874268}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776546559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q465453","display_name":"Dumbbell","level":2,"score":0.7342844009399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.6950771808624268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.6669085621833801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61048295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909022","display_name":"Nucleation","level":2,"score":0.5707505345344543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119094556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380296","display_name":"Binodal","level":4,"score":0.5630091428756714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5214861631393433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154954056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1604164","display_name":"Transverse plane","level":2,"score":0.48439961671829224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35377427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3886264","display_name":"Axial symmetry","level":2,"score":0.48028016090393066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.43879270553588867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159467904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001702","display_name":"Chemical physics","level":1,"score":0.43430081009864807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178635117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747499","display_name":"RADIUS","level":2,"score":0.42171114683151245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168568712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909999","display_name":"Radius of gyration","level":3,"score":0.421016126871109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188324986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7180938","display_name":"Phase boundary","level":3,"score":0.411474347114563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.40954986214637756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.3673895299434662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41999313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q489328","display_name":"Molecular physics","level":1,"score":0.3585473895072937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.17493683099746704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85906118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186693","display_name":"Phase diagram","level":3,"score":0.1640489101409912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.11015713214874268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46141821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209402","display_name":"Nuclear magnetic resonance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e27070692","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27070692","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/7/692/pdf?version=1751278373","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40724409","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40724409","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2507.22696","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2507.22696","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.22696","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:985e6e762e9d498692f09e2d47ab107f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/985e6e762e9d498692f09e2d47ab107f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 27, Iss 7, p 692 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12294323","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12294323","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ricerca.uniba.it:11586/543163","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/7/692","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196296","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Bari Aldo Moro)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I5561750","host_organization_name":"University of Bari Aldo Moro","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5561750"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e27070692","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27070692","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/7/692/pdf?version=1751278373","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411889005.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411889005.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1673310716","https://openalex.org/W1904457290","https://openalex.org/W1954810786","https://openalex.org/W1959958324","https://openalex.org/W1975117621","https://openalex.org/W1977482735","https://openalex.org/W1999377530","https://openalex.org/W2001409136","https://openalex.org/W2006628332","https://openalex.org/W2008476194","https://openalex.org/W2026789303","https://openalex.org/W2032309701","https://openalex.org/W2037996503","https://openalex.org/W2045780635","https://openalex.org/W2056707942","https://openalex.org/W2072348908","https://openalex.org/W2074574519","https://openalex.org/W2088848081","https://openalex.org/W2108939302","https://openalex.org/W2134398909","https://openalex.org/W2153920886","https://openalex.org/W2154575853","https://openalex.org/W2283216318","https://openalex.org/W2304845716","https://openalex.org/W2548828754","https://openalex.org/W2552590431","https://openalex.org/W2608240489","https://openalex.org/W2611916474","https://openalex.org/W2617220601","https://openalex.org/W2765759034","https://openalex.org/W2804306876","https://openalex.org/W2805083487","https://openalex.org/W2807023233","https://openalex.org/W2807759594","https://openalex.org/W2896842174","https://openalex.org/W2919629728","https://openalex.org/W2925138289","https://openalex.org/W2928899331","https://openalex.org/W2954119784","https://openalex.org/W2964322531","https://openalex.org/W2995610946","https://openalex.org/W3037683188","https://openalex.org/W3045070251","https://openalex.org/W3095815766","https://openalex.org/W3101878459","https://openalex.org/W3101984586","https://openalex.org/W3106185196","https://openalex.org/W3143362143","https://openalex.org/W3151070999","https://openalex.org/W3153265011","https://openalex.org/W3161751622","https://openalex.org/W3201073812","https://openalex.org/W3211987113","https://openalex.org/W4211209035","https://openalex.org/W4290802914","https://openalex.org/W4362697409","https://openalex.org/W4379796899","https://openalex.org/W4388264563","https://openalex.org/W4389489900","https://openalex.org/W4389695608","https://openalex.org/W4392019040","https://openalex.org/W4395478811","https://openalex.org/W4399431432","https://openalex.org/W4403589756","https://openalex.org/W4408155514"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2123458891","https://openalex.org/W2055940433","https://openalex.org/W2307921831","https://openalex.org/W3162087472","https://openalex.org/W2016811097","https://openalex.org/W2062775905","https://openalex.org/W2921079322","https://openalex.org/W2089876770","https://openalex.org/W2040709865","https://openalex.org/W2310249584"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,34,176],"investigate":[1],"a":[2,71,130,178],"two-dimensional":[3],"system":[4,49],"of":[5,46,84,91,150,163],"active":[6,22],"Brownian":[7],"dumbbells":[8,78,113],"using":[9],"molecular":[10],"dynamics":[11],"simulations.":[12],"In":[13],"this":[14,184],"model,":[15],"each":[16],"dumbbell":[17],"is":[18,101,159],"driven":[19],"by":[20],"an":[21],"force":[23],"oriented":[24,80],"perpendicular":[25],"to":[26,88,182],"the":[27,36,48,82,85,89,98,136,148,151,160,172],"axis":[28],"connecting":[29],"its":[30],"two":[31],"constituent":[32],"beads.":[33],"characterize":[35],"resulting":[37],"phase":[38,51,60],"behavior":[39],"and":[40,55,64,128],"find":[41,96],"that,":[42],"across":[43],"all":[44,107],"values":[45],"activity,":[47,68],"undergoes":[50],"separation":[52],"between":[53],"dilute":[54],"dense":[56,59],"phases.":[57],"The":[58],"exhibits":[61],"hexatic":[62],"order,":[63],"for":[65],"large":[66],"enough":[67],"we":[69,95,140],"observe":[70,141],"marked":[72],"increase":[73],"in":[74],"local":[75],"polarization,":[76],"with":[77,114,147,167],"predominantly":[79],"towards":[81,103],"interior":[83],"clusters.":[86],"Compared":[87],"case":[90],"axially":[92,168],"self-propelled":[93],"dumbbells,":[94,170],"that":[97,142],"binodal":[99],"region":[100],"enlarged":[102],"lower":[104],"densities":[105],"at":[106],"activities.":[108],"This":[109,165],"shift":[110],"arises":[111],"because":[112],"transverse":[115],"propulsion":[116],"can":[117],"more":[118],"easily":[119],"form":[120],"stable":[121],"cluster":[122,137],"cores,":[123],"serving":[124],"as":[125,155],"nucleation":[126],"seeds,":[127],"show":[129],"highly":[131],"suppressed":[132],"escaping":[133],"rate":[134],"from":[135],"boundary.":[138],"Finally,":[139],"clusters":[143],"exhibit":[144],"spontaneous":[145],"rotation,":[146],"modulus":[149],"angular":[152],"velocity":[153],"scaling":[154,173,185],"\u03c9\u223crg-2,":[156],"where":[157,171],"rg":[158],"cluster's":[161],"radius":[162],"gyration.":[164],"contrasts":[166],"propelled":[169],"follows":[174],"\u03c9\u223crg-1.":[175],"develop":[177],"simplified":[179],"analytical":[180],"model":[181],"rationalize":[183],"behavior.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}