{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410840820","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27060577","title":"Exploratory and Exploitative Innovation Performance in the Artificial Intelligence Industry in China from the Perspective of a Collaboration Network: A Data-Driven Analysis","display_name":"Exploratory and Exploitative Innovation Performance in the Artificial Intelligence Industry in China from the Perspective of a Collaboration Network: A Data-Driven Analysis","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410840820","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27060577","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40566164"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e27060577","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27060577","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/6/577/pdf?version=1748510983","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/6/577/pdf?version=1748510983","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100426755","display_name":"Liping Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6884-3229"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119045251","display_name":"Huaqiao University","ror":"https://ror.org/03frdh605","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liping Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Business Administration, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, Fujian, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Business Administration, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, Fujian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031118344","display_name":"Hailin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6924-9689"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119045251","display_name":"Huaqiao University","ror":"https://ror.org/03frdh605","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hailin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Business Administration, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, Fujian, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6924-9689","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Business Administration, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, Fujian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078269400","display_name":"Wenhao Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9421-8526"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119045251","display_name":"Huaqiao University","ror":"https://ror.org/03frdh605","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenhao Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Business Administration, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, Fujian, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Business Administration, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, Fujian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104200494","display_name":"Hanhui Qiu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119045251","display_name":"Huaqiao University","ror":"https://ror.org/03frdh605","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanhui Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Business Administration, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, Fujian, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Business Administration, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, Fujian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035410562","display_name":"Yenchun Jim Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5479-2873"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134161618","display_name":"National Taiwan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/059dkdx38","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134161618"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192703390","display_name":"Ming Chuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02pgvzy25","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192703390"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yenchun Jim Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Global Business and Strategy, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 106, Taiwan","Hospitality Management, Ming Chuan University, Taipei 111, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5479-2873","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Global Business and Strategy, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 106, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134161618"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hospitality Management, Ming Chuan University, Taipei 111, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192703390"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035410562"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134161618","https://openalex.org/I192703390"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"fwci":1.2868,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83161932,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"6","first_page":"577","last_page":"577"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11891","display_name":"Big Data and Business Intelligence","score":0.9650999903678894,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13402","display_name":"Business Strategy and Innovation","score":0.9559999704360962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.797560453414917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.6168936491012573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5122126936912537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploratory-analysis","display_name":"Exploratory analysis","score":0.4494183659553528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41805270314216614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.415740430355072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.4139476716518402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-organization","display_name":"Industrial organization","score":0.37342318892478943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3428054749965668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.29019293189048767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.15326741337776184}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.797560453414917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.6168936491012573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5122126936912537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018260909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1322871","display_name":"Exploratory analysis","level":2,"score":0.4494183659553528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41805270314216614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.415740430355072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.4139476716518402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.37342318892478943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3428054749965668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.29019293189048767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.15326741337776184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e27060577","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27060577","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/6/577/pdf?version=1748510983","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40566164","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40566164","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:720b954e465449c7848dfdc8194b6f6f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/720b954e465449c7848dfdc8194b6f6f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 27, Iss 6, p 577 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12191727","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12191727","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e27060577","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27060577","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/6/577/pdf?version=1748510983","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322182","display_name":"Huaqiao University","ror":"https://ror.org/03frdh605"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410840820.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410840820.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1998933571","https://openalex.org/W2108767715","https://openalex.org/W2140956556","https://openalex.org/W2146267697","https://openalex.org/W2164284962","https://openalex.org/W2168502074","https://openalex.org/W2169355054","https://openalex.org/W2173797018","https://openalex.org/W2529159560","https://openalex.org/W2805531901","https://openalex.org/W2886856090","https://openalex.org/W2923677450","https://openalex.org/W2955581667","https://openalex.org/W2981899579","https://openalex.org/W3012387266","https://openalex.org/W3016362086","https://openalex.org/W3019913914","https://openalex.org/W3082253475","https://openalex.org/W3108411484","https://openalex.org/W3123145896","https://openalex.org/W3125801320","https://openalex.org/W3174212112","https://openalex.org/W4210963240","https://openalex.org/W4214884366","https://openalex.org/W4220776024","https://openalex.org/W4236137412","https://openalex.org/W4281643376","https://openalex.org/W4281719724","https://openalex.org/W4289528593","https://openalex.org/W4306953493","https://openalex.org/W4308482059","https://openalex.org/W4309475470","https://openalex.org/W4322213593","https://openalex.org/W4379792981","https://openalex.org/W4382933664","https://openalex.org/W4385128453","https://openalex.org/W4387709752","https://openalex.org/W4388832749","https://openalex.org/W4389052928","https://openalex.org/W4389101514","https://openalex.org/W4390522043","https://openalex.org/W4390610782","https://openalex.org/W4390859485","https://openalex.org/W4393056405","https://openalex.org/W4396217259","https://openalex.org/W4396683713","https://openalex.org/W4400413782","https://openalex.org/W4406101215","https://openalex.org/W4406337038","https://openalex.org/W4406583686","https://openalex.org/W4407296025","https://openalex.org/W4408084264","https://openalex.org/W4408117872","https://openalex.org/W4408183126","https://openalex.org/W4408365278","https://openalex.org/W4408449451","https://openalex.org/W4409421294","https://openalex.org/W4409481999","https://openalex.org/W6754019080","https://openalex.org/W6769847413","https://openalex.org/W6858421143","https://openalex.org/W6859843341"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2350270224","https://openalex.org/W2354620178","https://openalex.org/W600967366","https://openalex.org/W4403952488","https://openalex.org/W2383989146","https://openalex.org/W2018871932","https://openalex.org/W2351486628","https://openalex.org/W2390481881","https://openalex.org/W641279757"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Identifying":[0],"the":[1,21,39,48,53,78,84,95,103,152],"structural":[2,54,100],"characteristics":[3,55,89],"of":[4,23,35,56,90,109,155],"a":[5],"collaboration":[6,58],"network":[7],"that":[8,121,137],"influence":[9],"firms'":[10,61],"exploratory":[11,62,104],"and":[12,26,60,63,71,99,105],"exploitative":[13,64,106],"innovation":[14,24,65,107],"performance":[15,66,108],"can":[16,139],"help":[17],"these":[18],"firms":[19,37,123,138],"enhance":[20],"output":[22],"achievements":[25],"their":[27],"core":[28],"competitiveness.":[29],"Based":[30],"on":[31,74],"14,790":[32],"issued":[33],"patents":[34],"281":[36],"in":[38,43],"artificial":[40],"intelligence":[41],"industry":[42],"China,":[44],"this":[45,130,143],"study":[46],"explores":[47],"complex":[49],"nonlinear":[50],"relationship":[51],"between":[52],"inter-organizational":[57],"networks":[59],"by":[67],"using":[68],"clustering":[69,97],"algorithms":[70],"classifications":[72],"based":[73],"information":[75],"entropy":[76],"or":[77],"Gini":[79],"index.":[80],"The":[81,87],"results":[82],"indicate":[83],"following:":[85],"(1)":[86],"four":[88],"degree":[91],"centrality,":[92,94],"closeness":[93],"local":[96],"coefficient,":[98],"holes":[101],"affect":[102],"firms.":[110,156],"(2)":[111],"In":[112],"different":[113,118,135],"firm":[114],"clusters,":[115],"there":[116],"are":[117,134],"characteristic":[119],"combinations":[120],"provide":[122],"with":[124,151],"various":[125],"development":[126,153],"strategies":[127],"to":[128,141],"improve":[129,142],"performance.":[131],"(3)":[132],"There":[133],"paths":[136],"take":[140],"performance,":[144],"which":[145],"should":[146],"be":[147],"comprehensively":[148],"considered":[149],"along":[150],"goals":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}