{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410438081","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27050534","title":"Investigation of the Internal Structure of Hard-to-Reach Objects Using a Hybrid Algorithm on the Example of Walls","display_name":"Investigation of the Internal Structure of Hard-to-Reach Objects Using a Hybrid Algorithm on the Example of Walls","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410438081","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27050534","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40422488"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e27050534","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27050534","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/5/534/pdf?version=1747403178","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/5/534/pdf?version=1747403178","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049755880","display_name":"Rafa\u0142 Brociek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7255-6951"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119004910","display_name":"Silesian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02dyjk442","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafa\u0142 Brociek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Artificial Intelligence Modelling, Faculty of Applied Mathematics, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7255-6951","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence Modelling, Faculty of Applied Mathematics, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117569766","display_name":"J\u00f3zef Szczotka","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J\u00f3zef Szczotka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Building Investments, Miodowa 31, 43-426 Gumna, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Building Investments, Miodowa 31, 43-426 Gumna, Poland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034834168","display_name":"Mariusz Pleszczy\u0144ski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4971-5360"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119004910","display_name":"Silesian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02dyjk442","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mariusz Pleszczy\u0144ski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematical Methods in Technology and Computer Science, Faculty of Applied Mathematics, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4971-5360","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematical Methods in Technology and Computer Science, Faculty of Applied Mathematics, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075909701","display_name":"Francesca Nanni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0484-8637"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116067653","display_name":"University of Rome Tor Vergata","ror":"https://ror.org/02p77k626","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesca Nanni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Enterprise Engineering \u2018Mario Lucertini\u2019, University of Rome \u2018Tor Vergata\u2019 and INSTM RU Roma-Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0484-8637","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Enterprise Engineering \u2018Mario Lucertini\u2019, University of Rome \u2018Tor Vergata\u2019 and INSTM RU Roma-Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025323940","display_name":"Christian Napoli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3336-5853"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130294970","display_name":"Cz\u0119stochowa University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/046awyn59","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130294970"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162062","display_name":"Istituto di Analisi dei Sistemi ed Informatica Antonio Ruberti","ror":"https://ror.org/054ye0e45","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4210162062"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT","PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Napoli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computational Intelligence, Czestochowa University of Technology, 42-201 Czestochowa, Poland","Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Ariosto 25, 00185 Roma, Italy","Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science, Italian National Research Council, Via dei Taurini 19, 00185 Roma, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3336-5853","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computational Intelligence, Czestochowa University of Technology, 42-201 Czestochowa, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130294970"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Ariosto 25, 00185 Roma, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science, Italian National Research Council, Via dei Taurini 19, 00185 Roma, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4210162062"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034834168"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06840399,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"5","first_page":"534","last_page":"534"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12386","display_name":"Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12386","display_name":"Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13094","display_name":"Mining and Gasification Technologies","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.7187789082527161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5827199220657349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.5808956623077393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse-problem","display_name":"Inverse problem","score":0.4642089009284973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-structure","display_name":"Data structure","score":0.43807539343833923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.38438621163368225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.25678539276123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.19744926691055298}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.7187789082527161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5827199220657349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.5808956623077393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135252773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1567213","display_name":"Inverse problem","level":2,"score":0.4642089009284973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162319229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175263","display_name":"Data structure","level":2,"score":0.43807539343833923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.38438621163368225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.25678539276123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.19744926691055298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e27050534","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27050534","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/5/534/pdf?version=1747403178","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40422488","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40422488","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ff7a2ee8a2074f7fb7c67744f9e905d4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ff7a2ee8a2074f7fb7c67744f9e905d4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 27, Iss 5, p 534 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:10923652","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12110827","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.uniroma1.it:11573/1740401","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11573/1740401","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196107","display_name":"IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e27050534","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27050534","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/5/534/pdf?version=1747403178","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.6600000262260437,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410438081.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410438081.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966769770","https://openalex.org/W1993968798","https://openalex.org/W2016604576","https://openalex.org/W2081665324","https://openalex.org/W2787662124","https://openalex.org/W2890234164","https://openalex.org/W2950570790","https://openalex.org/W2991000712","https://openalex.org/W3003212905","https://openalex.org/W3097429259","https://openalex.org/W3132700516","https://openalex.org/W3133823558","https://openalex.org/W3136070377","https://openalex.org/W3188342879","https://openalex.org/W3208239477","https://openalex.org/W3214217583","https://openalex.org/W3215159207","https://openalex.org/W4226103018","https://openalex.org/W4295079735","https://openalex.org/W4297524385","https://openalex.org/W4304806451","https://openalex.org/W4307142150","https://openalex.org/W4392286327","https://openalex.org/W4392857342","https://openalex.org/W4393308401","https://openalex.org/W4409243632","https://openalex.org/W6825688687"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2073681303","https://openalex.org/W4409439182","https://openalex.org/W2053286651","https://openalex.org/W2181743346","https://openalex.org/W2187401768","https://openalex.org/W2181413294","https://openalex.org/W2052122378","https://openalex.org/W2544423928","https://openalex.org/W2062023542"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,24,85,108,221],"article":[1,90],"presents":[2],"research":[3],"on":[4,119],"the":[5,15,19,63,89,97,101,105,121,126,144,168,171,203,210,213,216,232,244,247],"application":[6],"of":[7,17,22,26,52,69,92,99,104,116,123,137,170,183,212,234,246],"computed":[8,30],"tomography":[9,31],"with":[10,148],"an":[11,113],"incomplete":[12,27,149],"dataset":[13],"to":[14,49,57,96,201,215,230],"problem":[16,53,98],"examining":[18,39,44],"internal":[20,102],"structure":[21,103,169],"walls.":[23],"case":[25],"information":[28],"in":[29,34,62,76,88,225],"often":[32],"occurs":[33],"various":[35],"applications,":[36],"e.g.,":[37],"when":[38,43],"large":[40],"objects":[41],"or":[42],"hard-to-reach":[45],"objects.":[46],"Algorithms":[47],"dedicated":[48],"this":[50,70,129,155,164,226,235],"type":[51,71],"can":[54],"be":[55,83],"used":[56,229],"detect":[58],"anomalies":[59],"(defects,":[60],"cracks)":[61],"walls,":[64],"among":[65],"other":[66],"artifacts.":[67],"Situations":[68],"may":[72],"occur,":[73],"for":[74],"example,":[75],"old":[77],"buildings,":[78],"where":[79],"special":[80],"caution":[81],"should":[82],"exercised.":[84],"approach":[86,110,130,161],"presented":[87,224],"consists":[91],"a":[93,132,159,176,181,184,193,207],"non-standard":[94],"solution":[95,122],"reconstructing":[100],"tested":[106,172],"object.":[107],"classical":[109],"involves":[111],"constructing":[112],"appropriate":[114],"system":[115],"equations":[117,138],"based":[118],"X-rays,":[120],"which":[124],"describes":[125],"structure.":[127],"However,":[128],"has":[131],"drawback:":[133],"solving":[134],"such":[135],"systems":[136],"is":[139,180,219],"computationally":[140],"very":[141,152],"complex,":[142],"because":[143],"algorithms":[145],"used,":[146],"combined":[147],"information,":[150],"converge":[151],"slowly.":[153],"In":[154,199],"article,":[156],"we":[157,174],"propose":[158],"different":[160],"that":[162,179],"eliminates":[163],"problem.":[165],"To":[166],"simulate":[167],"object,":[173],"use":[175],"hybrid":[177,222],"algorithm":[178,187,223],"combination":[182],"metaheuristic":[185],"optimization":[186,195],"(Group":[188],"Teaching":[189],"Optimization":[190],"Algorithm)":[191],"and":[192],"numerical":[194],"method":[196],"(Hook-Jeeves":[197],"method).":[198],"order":[200],"solve":[202],"considered":[204],"inverse":[205],"problem,":[206],"functional":[208],"measuring":[209],"fit":[211],"model":[214],"measurement":[217],"data":[218],"created.":[220],"paper":[227,238],"was":[228],"find":[231],"minimum":[233],"functional.":[236],"This":[237],"also":[239],"shows":[240],"computational":[241],"examples":[242],"illustrating":[243],"effectiveness":[245],"algorithms.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
