{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409926850","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27050473","title":"Automatic Controversy Detection Based on Heterogeneous Signed Attributed Network and Deep Dual-Layer Self-Supervised Community Analysis","display_name":"Automatic Controversy Detection Based on Heterogeneous Signed Attributed Network and Deep Dual-Layer Self-Supervised Community Analysis","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409926850","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27050473","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40422428"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e27050473","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27050473","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/5/473/pdf?version=1745826483","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/5/473/pdf?version=1745826483","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100414321","display_name":"Ying Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7804-149X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering, College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7804-149X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering, College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100626615","display_name":"Xiao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8735-7931"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering, College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering, College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102729219","display_name":"Liang Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2590-5649"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering, College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering, College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Qianqian Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0749-5811"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116191","display_name":"Institutes of Science and Development","ror":"https://ror.org/02ce9qs13","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210116191"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qianqian Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0749-5811","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116191","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210116191"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06659162,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"5","first_page":"473","last_page":"473"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9861000180244446,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9757000207901001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","score":0.5997369885444641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.5491995811462402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5385571122169495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.528747022151947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual-layer","display_name":"Dual layer","score":0.4942064583301544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-analysis","display_name":"Network analysis","score":0.4698333442211151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.34190988540649414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1008554995059967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.08174273371696472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.07946497201919556}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.5997369885444641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.5491995811462402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5385571122169495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.528747022151947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993148961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5294","display_name":"Dual layer","level":3,"score":0.4942064583301544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32946077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618079","display_name":"Network analysis","level":2,"score":0.4698333442211151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.34190988540649414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1008554995059967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.08174273371696472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.07946497201919556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e27050473","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27050473","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/5/473/pdf?version=1745826483","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40422428","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40422428","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:196609cac126421d8640fc5d8bd4998c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/196609cac126421d8640fc5d8bd4998c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 27, Iss 5, p 473 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:10924126","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12111466","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e27050473","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27050473","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/5/473/pdf?version=1745826483","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3397295082","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20220101117JC","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310121","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3466901669","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"72374193","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310121","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322174","display_name":"People's Government of Jilin Province","ror":"https://ror.org/02fzqav45"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409926850.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409926850.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W226175289","https://openalex.org/W1776062713","https://openalex.org/W2036352360","https://openalex.org/W2041831540","https://openalex.org/W2048101063","https://openalex.org/W2095293504","https://openalex.org/W2152311353","https://openalex.org/W2154393330","https://openalex.org/W2178519838","https://openalex.org/W2342213273","https://openalex.org/W2492536192","https://openalex.org/W2588606342","https://openalex.org/W2734474937","https://openalex.org/W2740334779","https://openalex.org/W2765739271","https://openalex.org/W2792053130","https://openalex.org/W2889127731","https://openalex.org/W2929639311","https://openalex.org/W2940718221","https://openalex.org/W2954058846","https://openalex.org/W2962756421","https://openalex.org/W2963477629","https://openalex.org/W2984323893","https://openalex.org/W3026913660","https://openalex.org/W3035475672","https://openalex.org/W3058800094","https://openalex.org/W3080732412","https://openalex.org/W3098175417","https://openalex.org/W4231510805","https://openalex.org/W4283381968","https://openalex.org/W4288089799","https://openalex.org/W4290708797","https://openalex.org/W4294031701","https://openalex.org/W4309635196","https://openalex.org/W4322754429","https://openalex.org/W4385701761","https://openalex.org/W4387398127","https://openalex.org/W4392203456","https://openalex.org/W4399305008","https://openalex.org/W4399358454","https://openalex.org/W6603689333","https://openalex.org/W6639619044","https://openalex.org/W6769627184"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4248311811","https://openalex.org/W2085515114","https://openalex.org/W2317351040","https://openalex.org/W2001530868","https://openalex.org/W2066174985","https://openalex.org/W2329901306","https://openalex.org/W4410395214","https://openalex.org/W3026417777","https://openalex.org/W4403794707","https://openalex.org/W2221506820"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,65],"study,":[2],"we":[3,124,171],"propose":[4],"a":[5,37,53,156,174],"computational":[6],"approach":[7],"that":[8,112],"applies":[9],"text":[10],"mining":[11],"and":[12,30,48,61,83,91,108,119,130,149,158],"deep":[13,54],"learning":[14],"to":[15],"conduct":[16],"controversy":[17,63,69,94,121,129,162],"detection":[18,60],"on":[19,137,163],"social":[20,34,164],"media":[21,35,165],"platforms.":[22,166],"Unlike":[23],"previous":[24],"research,":[25],"our":[26,89,113,138,153],"method":[27,90],"integrates":[28],"multidimensional":[29],"heterogeneous":[31,38],"information":[32],"from":[33],"into":[36],"signed":[39],"attributed":[40],"network,":[41],"encompassing":[42],"various":[43],"users\u2019":[44],"attributes,":[45],"semantic":[46],"information,":[47],"structural":[49],"heterogeneity.":[50],"We":[51],"introduce":[52],"dual-layer":[55],"self-supervised":[56],"algorithm":[57],"for":[58,133],"community":[59,79],"analyze":[62],"within":[64],"network.":[66],"A":[67,86],"novel":[68],"metric":[70],"is":[71],"devised":[72],"by":[73],"considering":[74],"three":[75],"dimensions":[76],"of":[77,128,161],"controversy:":[78],"distinctions,":[80],"betweenness":[81],"centrality,":[82],"user":[84],"representations.":[85],"comparison":[87],"between":[88],"other":[92],"classical":[93],"measures":[95],"such":[96],"as":[97],"Random":[98,101],"Walk,":[99],"Biased":[100],"Walk":[102],"(BRW),":[103],"BCC,":[104],"EC,":[105],"GMCK,":[106],"MBLB,":[107],"community-based":[109],"methods":[110],"reveals":[111],"model":[114,154],"consistently":[115],"produces":[116],"more":[117],"stable":[118],"accurate":[120],"scores.":[122],"Additionally,":[123],"calculated":[125],"the":[126,134],"level":[127],"computed":[131],"p-values":[132],"detected":[135],"communities":[136],"crawled":[139],"dataset":[140],"Weibo,":[141],"including":[142],"#Microblog":[143],"(3792),":[144],"#Comment":[145],"(45,741),":[146],"#Retweet":[147],"(36,126),":[148],"#User":[150],"(61,327).":[151],"Overall,":[152],"had":[155],"comprehensive":[157],"nuanced":[159],"understanding":[160],"To":[167],"facilitate":[168],"its":[169],"use,":[170],"have":[172],"developed":[173],"user-friendly":[175],"web":[176],"server.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-15T08:34:33.830935","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}