{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409409574","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27040422","title":"Efficient Integer Quantization for Compressed DETR Models","display_name":"Efficient Integer Quantization for Compressed DETR Models","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409409574","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27040422","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40282657"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e27040422","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27040422","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/4/422/pdf?version=1744531745","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/4/422/pdf?version=1744531745","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Peng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6846-830X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518000, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6846-830X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049701424","display_name":"Congduan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0495-332X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Congduan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["The School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023816347","display_name":"Nanfeng Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102827","display_name":"Shanghai Customs College","ror":"https://ror.org/01agvej60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nanfeng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Port Security Inspection, Huangpu Customs District, Guangzhou 510700, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Port Security Inspection, Huangpu Customs District, Guangzhou 510700, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109258883","display_name":"Jingfeng Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142539","display_name":"Guangdong Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing","ror":"https://ror.org/049jpjz09","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingfeng Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangzhou Institute of Industrial Intelligence, Guangzhou 511458, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangzhou Institute of Industrial Intelligence, Guangzhou 511458, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142539"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100335812","display_name":"Li Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5986-7184"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Beiyangyuan Campus, Tianjin 300354, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5986-7184","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Beiyangyuan Campus, Tianjin 300354, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049701424"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":1.1231,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75394162,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"4","first_page":"422","last_page":"422"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6901595592498779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5796688199043274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/softmax-function","display_name":"Softmax function","score":0.544194221496582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.5293838381767273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.4799902141094208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.46186333894729614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4456784427165985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.4428463876247406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","score":0.41139858961105347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3766480088233948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.35786882042884827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.28279098868370056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.19005104899406433}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6901595592498779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5796688199043274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188441871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554146","display_name":"Softmax function","level":3,"score":0.544194221496582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5293838381767273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.4799902141094208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.46186333894729614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4456784427165985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.4428463876247406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729138","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.41139858961105347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3766480088233948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.35786882042884827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.28279098868370056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.19005104899406433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e27040422","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27040422","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/4/422/pdf?version=1744531745","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40282657","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40282657","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:44e75f7bea0f4867a573fc51d7c1f19a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/44e75f7bea0f4867a573fc51d7c1f19a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 27, Iss 4, p 422 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12025429","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12025429","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e27040422","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27040422","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/4/422/pdf?version=1744531745","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5400000214576721,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4534308122","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271514","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409409574.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409409574.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W2799404913","https://openalex.org/W2962298324","https://openalex.org/W2963122961","https://openalex.org/W3024366773","https://openalex.org/W3035083896","https://openalex.org/W3035219584","https://openalex.org/W3096609285","https://openalex.org/W4285601701","https://openalex.org/W4385819842","https://openalex.org/W4386075873","https://openalex.org/W4390872156","https://openalex.org/W4390873361","https://openalex.org/W4390873673","https://openalex.org/W4394676676","https://openalex.org/W4398198280","https://openalex.org/W4401634204","https://openalex.org/W4402772916","https://openalex.org/W4403510494","https://openalex.org/W6788001715","https://openalex.org/W6797854001"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3107204728","https://openalex.org/W4287591324","https://openalex.org/W2095407248","https://openalex.org/W1997714924","https://openalex.org/W2129190845","https://openalex.org/W4389045637","https://openalex.org/W1994209155","https://openalex.org/W2076843925","https://openalex.org/W4384300015","https://openalex.org/W2054979592"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Transformer-based":[1],"target":[2,170],"detection":[3],"model,":[4,146],"DETR,":[5,99],"has":[6],"powerful":[7],"feature":[8],"extraction":[9],"and":[10,17,53,86,137,141,166],"recognition":[11],"capabilities,":[12],"but":[13],"its":[14,21],"high":[15],"computational":[16,87],"storage":[18,138],"requirements":[19],"limit":[20],"deployment":[22],"on":[23,72],"resource-constrained":[24],"devices.":[25],"To":[26],"solve":[27],"this":[28,62],"problem,":[29],"we":[30,64,100],"first":[31],"replace":[32],"the":[33,43,46,50,56,95,117,120,125,135,144,149,158,161],"ResNet-50":[34],"backbone":[35,47],"network":[36,48],"in":[37,124],"DETR":[38],"with":[39,49],"Swin-T,":[40],"which":[41,74,156],"realizes":[42],"unification":[44],"of":[45,98,119,143,160],"Transformer":[51,58],"encoder":[52],"decoder":[54],"under":[55],"same":[57],"processing":[59],"paradigm.":[60],"On":[61],"basis,":[63],"propose":[65],"a":[66,78],"quantized":[67],"inference":[68,122],"scheme":[69],"based":[70],"entirely":[71],"integers,":[73],"effectively":[75],"serves":[76],"as":[77,163],"data":[79],"compression":[80],"method":[81,133,162],"for":[82,169],"reducing":[83],"memory":[84],"occupation":[85],"complexity.":[88],"Unlike":[89],"previous":[90],"approaches":[91],"that":[92,131],"only":[93,154],"quantize":[94],"linear":[96],"layer":[97],"further":[101],"apply":[102],"integer":[103,126],"approximation":[104],"to":[105,139],"all":[106],"non-linear":[107],"operational":[108],"layers":[109],"(e.g.,":[110],"Sigmoid,":[111],"Softmax,":[112],"LayerNorm,":[113],"GELU),":[114],"thus":[115],"realizing":[116],"execution":[118],"entire":[121],"process":[123],"domain.":[127],"Experimental":[128],"results":[129],"show":[130],"our":[132],"reduces":[134],"computation":[136],"6.3%":[140],"25%":[142],"original":[145],"respectively,":[147],"while":[148],"average":[150],"accuracy":[151],"decreases":[152],"by":[153],"1.1%,":[155],"validates":[157],"effectiveness":[159],"an":[164],"efficient":[165],"hardware-friendly":[167],"solution":[168],"detection.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}