{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406694022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27020106","title":"Thermodynamics of Morphogenesis: Beading and Branching Pattern Formation in Diffusion-Driven Salt Finger Plumes","display_name":"Thermodynamics of Morphogenesis: Beading and Branching Pattern Formation in Diffusion-Driven Salt Finger Plumes","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406694022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27020106","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40003103"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e27020106","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27020106","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/2/106/pdf?version=1737561454","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/2/106/pdf?version=1737561454","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028385716","display_name":"Hisashi Ozawa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113306721","display_name":"Hiroshima University","ror":"https://ror.org/03t78wx29","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113306721"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hisashi Ozawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan","School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113306721"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113306721"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115979265","display_name":"Sayaka Murayama-Ogino","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113306721","display_name":"Hiroshima University","ror":"https://ror.org/03t78wx29","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113306721"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sayaka Murayama-Ogino","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113306721"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022224624","display_name":"Axel Kleidon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3798-0730"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154168","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry","ror":"https://ror.org/051yxp643","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210154168"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Axel Kleidon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07701 Jena, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3798-0730","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07701 Jena, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154168"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028385716"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113306721"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":1.0108,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76453942,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"2","first_page":"106","last_page":"106"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11445","display_name":"Origins and Evolution of Life","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11445","display_name":"Origins and Evolution of Life","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11187","display_name":"Nonlinear Dynamics and Pattern Formation","score":0.9850000143051147,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10591","display_name":"Theoretical and Computational Physics","score":0.968999981880188,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-formation","display_name":"Pattern formation","score":0.7376545667648315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/branching","display_name":"Branching (polymer chemistry)","score":0.6064602136611938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dissipation","display_name":"Dissipation","score":0.4887213706970215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffusion","display_name":"Diffusion","score":0.4827958345413208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kinetic-energy","display_name":"Kinetic energy","score":0.46365153789520264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.4236624836921692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocell","display_name":"Protocell","score":0.4146168828010559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.35946711897850037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-physics","display_name":"Chemical physics","score":0.35463863611221313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.32936370372772217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.32489627599716187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classical-mechanics","display_name":"Classical mechanics","score":0.1838109791278839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.13776171207427979}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207016750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1955627","display_name":"Pattern formation","level":2,"score":0.7376545667648315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206175624","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q595731","display_name":"Branching (polymer chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.6064602136611938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135402231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898440","display_name":"Dissipation","level":2,"score":0.4887213706970215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69357855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163214","display_name":"Diffusion","level":2,"score":0.4827958345413208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135889238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46276","display_name":"Kinetic energy","level":2,"score":0.46365153789520264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.4236624836921692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114032466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1389465","display_name":"Protocell","level":3,"score":0.4146168828010559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.35946711897850037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159467904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001702","display_name":"Chemical physics","level":1,"score":0.35463863611221313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.32936370372772217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.32489627599716187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.1838109791278839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.13776171207427979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41625074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088","display_name":"Membrane","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e27020106","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27020106","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/2/106/pdf?version=1737561454","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40003103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40003103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11854025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11854025","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11854025/pdf/entropy-27-00106.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:73fde1ceabf3414182a15d91d5090fe5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/73fde1ceabf3414182a15d91d5090fe5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 27, Iss 2, p 106 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e27020106","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27020106","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/2/106/pdf?version=1737561454","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6600000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4524365130","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"25400465","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406694022.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406694022.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W281460183","https://openalex.org/W937144718","https://openalex.org/W1977397122","https://openalex.org/W1978249082","https://openalex.org/W1980661496","https://openalex.org/W1982000764","https://openalex.org/W1982214427","https://openalex.org/W1983589072","https://openalex.org/W1984548142","https://openalex.org/W1988585625","https://openalex.org/W2004716724","https://openalex.org/W2025739397","https://openalex.org/W2028706192","https://openalex.org/W2037451010","https://openalex.org/W2042277670","https://openalex.org/W2050110866","https://openalex.org/W2053128126","https://openalex.org/W2071629255","https://openalex.org/W2073522829","https://openalex.org/W2074872626","https://openalex.org/W2080021638","https://openalex.org/W2080845140","https://openalex.org/W2087475940","https://openalex.org/W2093287738","https://openalex.org/W2094804269","https://openalex.org/W2107596823","https://openalex.org/W2114709227","https://openalex.org/W2119893119","https://openalex.org/W2122192454","https://openalex.org/W2142749150","https://openalex.org/W2153927649","https://openalex.org/W2172506175","https://openalex.org/W2222544412","https://openalex.org/W2292279843","https://openalex.org/W2358950119","https://openalex.org/W2441071767","https://openalex.org/W2477102469","https://openalex.org/W2890826029","https://openalex.org/W2949372909","https://openalex.org/W3049205684","https://openalex.org/W3099299356","https://openalex.org/W4234822835","https://openalex.org/W4235033012","https://openalex.org/W4238605905","https://openalex.org/W4244360209","https://openalex.org/W4301011049","https://openalex.org/W4388373342","https://openalex.org/W6610122085","https://openalex.org/W6645045626","https://openalex.org/W6651220589","https://openalex.org/W6651635771","https://openalex.org/W6663789732","https://openalex.org/W6669473422"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2488224828","https://openalex.org/W2033867172","https://openalex.org/W2499941174","https://openalex.org/W4324018125","https://openalex.org/W4405005631","https://openalex.org/W3119990432","https://openalex.org/W3103131439","https://openalex.org/W1550793090","https://openalex.org/W1928555856","https://openalex.org/W3017207661"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spontaneous":[0],"pattern":[1,39,65,102,140],"formation":[2,40,103,141],"is":[3,29,90],"a":[4,30,49,53,60,77,94,107,136],"universal":[5],"phenomenon":[6],"that":[7,37,59,113,130],"occurs":[8],"in":[9,27,123,143],"purely":[10],"physical":[11],"systems,":[12,145],"biology,":[13],"and":[14,25,83,100,118],"human":[15],"societies.":[16],"Salt":[17],"fingering":[18],"due":[19],"to":[20],"differential":[21],"diffusion":[22],"of":[23,56,110,139,148],"heat":[24],"salt":[26,50,61],"seawater":[28],"typical":[31],"example,":[32],"although":[33],"the":[34,69,74,88,115,120,124],"general":[35],"principle":[36],"governs":[38,135],"remains":[41],"unknown.":[42],"We":[43,128],"show":[44],"through":[45],"simple":[46],"experiments":[47],"injecting":[48],"solution":[51,55],"into":[52],"sucrose":[54],"equal":[57],"density":[58],"finger":[62,79],"exhibits":[63],"characteristic":[64],"transitions":[66],"depending":[67],"on":[68],"injection":[70],"flow":[71,116],"rate.":[72],"When":[73],"rate":[75,89],"increases,":[76],"linear":[78],"starts":[80],"meandering,":[81],"branching,":[82,85],"multiple":[84],"whereas":[86],"when":[87],"decreased,":[91],"it":[92],"produces":[93],"beading":[95],"pattern.":[96],"These":[97],"morphological":[98],"instabilities":[99],"associated":[101],"are":[104],"caused":[105],"by":[106],"local":[108],"accumulation":[109,133],"kinetic":[111],"energy":[112,121,132],"minimizes":[114],"resistance":[117],"maximizes":[119],"dissipation":[122],"final":[125],"steady":[126],"state.":[127],"suggest":[129],"this":[131],"mechanism":[134],"wide":[137],"variety":[138],"phenomena":[142],"non-equilibrium":[144],"including":[146],"morphogenesis":[147],"abiotic":[149],"protocells.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}