{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405826112","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27010011","title":"Magnetocaloric Effect for a Q-Clock-Type System","display_name":"Magnetocaloric Effect for a Q-Clock-Type System","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405826112","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27010011","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39851631"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e27010011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27010011","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/1/11/pdf?version=1735290257","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/1/11/pdf?version=1735290257","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011570560","display_name":"Michel Aguilera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3049-668X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130474213","display_name":"Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso","ror":"https://ror.org/02cafbr77","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130474213"]}],"countries":["CL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michel Aguilera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de F\u00edsica, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso, Casilla 4950, Valpara\u00edso 2373223, Chile"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3049-668X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de F\u00edsica, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso, Casilla 4950, Valpara\u00edso 2373223, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130474213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098821322","display_name":"Sergio Pino-Alarc\u00f3n","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75778554","display_name":"Federico Santa Mar\u00eda Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05510vn56","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75778554"]}],"countries":["CL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergio Pino-Alarc\u00f3n","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de F\u00edsica, Universidad T\u00e9cnica Federico Santa Mar\u00eda, Av. Espa\u00f1a 1680, Valpara\u00edso 2390123, Chile"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6884-6067","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Universidad T\u00e9cnica Federico Santa Mar\u00eda, Av. Espa\u00f1a 1680, Valpara\u00edso 2390123, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75778554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072100287","display_name":"Francisco J. Pe\u00f1a","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7432-0707"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156632","display_name":"Millenium Nucleus for Planet Formation","ror":"https://ror.org/054rvnp37","country_code":"CL","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156632"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75778554","display_name":"Federico Santa Mar\u00eda Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05510vn56","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75778554"]}],"countries":["CL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francisco J. Pe\u00f1a","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de F\u00edsica, Universidad T\u00e9cnica Federico Santa Mar\u00eda, Av. Espa\u00f1a 1680, Valpara\u00edso 2390123, Chile","Millennium Nucleus in NanoBioPhysics (NNBP), Av. Espa\u00f1a 1680, Valpara\u00edso 2390123, Chile"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7432-0707","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Universidad T\u00e9cnica Federico Santa Mar\u00eda, Av. Espa\u00f1a 1680, Valpara\u00edso 2390123, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75778554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Millennium Nucleus in NanoBioPhysics (NNBP), Av. Espa\u00f1a 1680, Valpara\u00edso 2390123, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156632"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053322629","display_name":"Eugenio E. Vogel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1701-3030"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11944219","display_name":"Universidad de La Frontera","ror":"https://ror.org/04v0snf24","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11944219"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156023","display_name":"Universidad Central de Chile","ror":"https://ror.org/0577avk88","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156023"]}],"countries":["CL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eugenio E. Vogel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Ciencias F\u00edsicas, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco 4811230, Chile","Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago 8330601, Chile"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1701-3030","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Ciencias F\u00edsicas, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco 4811230, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11944219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago 8330601, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156023"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066881183","display_name":"Natalia Cort\u00e9s","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9261-2394"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185652977","display_name":"University of Tarapac\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/04xe01d27","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185652977"]}],"countries":["CL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Natalia Cort\u00e9s","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Alta Investigaci\u00f3n, Universidad de Tarapac\u00e1, Casilla 7D, Arica 1000000, Chile"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9261-2394","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Alta Investigaci\u00f3n, Universidad de Tarapac\u00e1, Casilla 7D, Arica 1000000, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185652977"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054859064","display_name":"P. Vargas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9235-9747"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75778554","display_name":"Federico Santa Mar\u00eda Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05510vn56","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75778554"]}],"countries":["CL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patricio Vargas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de F\u00edsica, Universidad T\u00e9cnica Federico Santa Mar\u00eda, Av. Espa\u00f1a 1680, Valpara\u00edso 2390123, Chile"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9235-9747","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Universidad T\u00e9cnica Federico Santa Mar\u00eda, Av. Espa\u00f1a 1680, Valpara\u00edso 2390123, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75778554"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011570560"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130474213"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13721286,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"1","first_page":"11","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10607","display_name":"Magnetic and transport properties of perovskites and related materials","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10607","display_name":"Magnetic and transport properties of perovskites and related materials","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11682","display_name":"Advanced Condensed Matter Physics","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10037","display_name":"Physics of Superconductivity and Magnetism","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.7059895396232605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-refrigeration","display_name":"Magnetic refrigeration","score":0.6306964755058289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/square-lattice","display_name":"Square lattice","score":0.6148505210876465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spins","display_name":"Spins","score":0.6062633395195007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.5058226585388184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lattice","display_name":"Lattice (music)","score":0.5036181807518005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-field","display_name":"Magnetic field","score":0.4730776250362396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/periodic-boundary-conditions","display_name":"Periodic boundary conditions","score":0.46347862482070923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.4625982344150543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/condensed-matter-physics","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","score":0.4453262388706207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.34757885336875916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary-value-problem","display_name":"Boundary value problem","score":0.30582568049430847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ising-model","display_name":"Ising model","score":0.2654748857021332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetization","display_name":"Magnetization","score":0.2118227183818817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17005106806755066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.10130974650382996}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.7059895396232605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186116631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899364","display_name":"Magnetic refrigeration","level":4,"score":0.6306964755058289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777620828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7582067","display_name":"Square lattice","level":3,"score":0.6148505210876465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778870898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7577658","display_name":"Spins","level":2,"score":0.6062633395195007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.5058226585388184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781204021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6497091","display_name":"Lattice (music)","level":2,"score":0.5036181807518005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.4730776250362396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112675119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2992284","display_name":"Periodic boundary conditions","level":3,"score":0.46347862482070923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.4625982344150543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.4453262388706207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.34757885336875916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182310444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332643","display_name":"Boundary value problem","level":2,"score":0.30582568049430847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51329190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076349","display_name":"Ising model","level":2,"score":0.2654748857021332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32546565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711","display_name":"Magnetization","level":3,"score":0.2118227183818817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17005106806755066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10130974650382996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e27010011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27010011","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/1/11/pdf?version=1735290257","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39851631","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39851631","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11765250","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11765250","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11765250/pdf/entropy-27-00011.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e625b7c0bc32406aa025aa4dcd714104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e625b7c0bc32406aa025aa4dcd714104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 27, Iss 1, p 11 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e27010011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27010011","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/27/1/11/pdf?version=1735290257","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405826112.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405826112.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W61121058","https://openalex.org/W952728201","https://openalex.org/W1528721701","https://openalex.org/W1543604381","https://openalex.org/W1577754538","https://openalex.org/W1963662897","https://openalex.org/W1965502119","https://openalex.org/W1967479612","https://openalex.org/W1971081022","https://openalex.org/W1980155237","https://openalex.org/W1981179226","https://openalex.org/W1989901548","https://openalex.org/W1996695230","https://openalex.org/W2003993122","https://openalex.org/W2038458527","https://openalex.org/W2039558805","https://openalex.org/W2041510085","https://openalex.org/W2045980073","https://openalex.org/W2048117538","https://openalex.org/W2049057439","https://openalex.org/W2061954434","https://openalex.org/W2069030821","https://openalex.org/W2074738488","https://openalex.org/W2088356626","https://openalex.org/W2093086503","https://openalex.org/W2122877329","https://openalex.org/W2141523450","https://openalex.org/W2222708835","https://openalex.org/W2283047387","https://openalex.org/W2481535469","https://openalex.org/W2529227665","https://openalex.org/W2608262011","https://openalex.org/W2763591015","https://openalex.org/W2767998993","https://openalex.org/W2796331261","https://openalex.org/W2888642886","https://openalex.org/W2955813353","https://openalex.org/W2997125714","https://openalex.org/W3010391018","https://openalex.org/W3022351365","https://openalex.org/W3042170530","https://openalex.org/W3123805595","https://openalex.org/W3124758097","https://openalex.org/W3124844647","https://openalex.org/W3156478388","https://openalex.org/W3188021358","https://openalex.org/W3188737523","https://openalex.org/W3189152917","https://openalex.org/W4207015329","https://openalex.org/W4249569225","https://openalex.org/W4283168636","https://openalex.org/W4298139074","https://openalex.org/W4386332016"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1141056291","https://openalex.org/W2888836246","https://openalex.org/W4221018030","https://openalex.org/W61121058","https://openalex.org/W2387500470","https://openalex.org/W2073567200","https://openalex.org/W1679838271","https://openalex.org/W4376605046","https://openalex.org/W3125446454","https://openalex.org/W2055127614"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,131],"this":[1],"work,":[2],"we":[3,133],"study":[4,183],"the":[5,26,31,41,52,102,106,113,121,126,135,141,145,149,155,158,162],"magnetocaloric":[6],"effect":[7],"(MCE)":[8],"in":[9,72,98,119,166,188],"a":[10,15,73,185],"working":[11],"substance":[12],"corresponding":[13],"to":[14,66,111],"square":[16],"lattice":[17,146],"of":[18,78,101,137,161],"spins":[19],"with":[20,47,81,154],"Q":[21,61,138],"possible":[22,37,110],"orientations,":[23],"known":[24],"as":[25,169],"\u201cQ-state":[27],"clock":[28,33,164],"model\u201d.":[29],"When":[30],"Q-state":[32,163],"model":[34,165],"has":[35],"Q\u22655":[36],"configurations,":[38],"it":[39,108],"presents":[40],"famous":[42],"Berezinskii\u2013Kosterlitz\u2013Thouless":[43],"(BKT)":[44],"phase":[45,151],"associated":[46],"vortex":[48],"states.":[49],"We":[50,75],"calculate":[51],"thermodynamic":[53],"quantities":[54],"using":[55],"Monte":[56],"Carlo":[57],"simulations":[58],"for":[59],"even":[60],"numbers,":[62],"ranging":[63],"from":[64],"Q=2":[65],"Q=8":[67],"spin":[68,127],"orientations":[69],"per":[70],"site":[71],"lattice.":[74],"use":[76],"lattices":[77],"different":[79],"sizes":[80],"N=L\u00d7L=82,162,322,642,and1282":[82],"sites,":[83],"considering":[84],"free":[85],"boundary":[86],"conditions":[87],"and":[88,96,148,174,194],"an":[89,116],"external":[90,122],"magnetic":[91,123,150],"field":[92,124],"varying":[93],"between":[94],"B=0":[95],"B=1.0":[97],"natural":[99],"units":[100],"system.":[103],"By":[104],"obtaining":[105],"entropy,":[107],"is":[109,129],"quantify":[112],"MCE":[114,142],"through":[115],"isothermal":[117],"process":[118],"which":[120],"on":[125,144],"system":[128],"varied.":[130],"particular,":[132],"find":[134],"values":[136],"that":[139],"maximize":[140],"depending":[143],"size":[147],"transitions":[152],"linked":[153],"process.":[156],"Given":[157],"broader":[159],"relevance":[160],"areas":[167],"such":[168],"percolation":[170],"theory,":[171],"neural":[172],"networks,":[173],"biological":[175],"systems,":[176],"where":[177],"multi-state":[178],"interactions":[179],"are":[180],"essential,":[181],"our":[182],"provides":[184],"robust":[186],"framework":[187],"applied":[189],"quantum":[190],"mechanics,":[191],"statistical":[192],"physics,":[193],"related":[195],"fields.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}