{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405082192","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e26121055","title":"Joint User Association, Power Allocation and Beamforming for NOMA-Based Integrated Satellite\u2013Terrestrial Networks","display_name":"Joint User Association, Power Allocation and Beamforming for NOMA-Based Integrated Satellite\u2013Terrestrial Networks","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405082192","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e26121055","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39766684"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e26121055","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e26121055","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/26/12/1055/pdf?version=1733372302","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/26/12/1055/pdf?version=1733372302","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062055379","display_name":"Peizhe Xin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5231-1435"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peizhe Xin","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Economic and Technological Research Institute Co., Ltd., 102209 Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Economic and Technological Research Institute Co., Ltd., 102209 Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070225809","display_name":"Zihao Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4706-9115"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zihao Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Economic and Technological Research Institute Co., Ltd., 102209 Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Economic and Technological Research Institute Co., Ltd., 102209 Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100767031","display_name":"Zhiyi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8826-647X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Economic and Technological Research Institute Co., Ltd., 102209 Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Economic and Technological Research Institute Co., Ltd., 102209 Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071183299","display_name":"Jing Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3242-912X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Economic and Technological Research Institute Co., Ltd., 102209 Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Economic and Technological Research Institute Co., Ltd., 102209 Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115595677","display_name":"Jing Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4080-0032"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Economic and Technological Research Institute Co., Ltd., 102209 Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Economic and Technological Research Institute Co., Ltd., 102209 Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071368059","display_name":"Yu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6978-370X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143868143","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082699513","display_name":"Xinyue Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0274-0478"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143868143","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyue Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071368059"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":5.5839,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95635511,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"12","first_page":"1055","last_page":"1055"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backhaul","display_name":"Backhaul (telecommunications)","score":0.8409811854362488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7516387104988098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7314279675483704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noma","display_name":"Noma","score":0.7267937064170837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter-power-output","display_name":"Transmitter power output","score":0.590749204158783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.5601861476898193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4971788227558136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-satellite","display_name":"Communications satellite","score":0.44478684663772583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.36863940954208374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.36479833722114563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.35828882455825806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.27246594429016113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.1217598021030426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11240532994270325}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103760667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798444","display_name":"Backhaul (telecommunications)","level":3,"score":0.8409811854362488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7516387104988098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7314279675483704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775918612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q994794","display_name":"Noma","level":3,"score":0.7267937064170837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.590749204158783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.5601861476898193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4971788227558136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121308736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149918","display_name":"Communications satellite","level":3,"score":0.44478684663772583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.36863940954208374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.36479833722114563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.35828882455825806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.27246594429016113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.1217598021030426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11240532994270325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e26121055","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e26121055","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/26/12/1055/pdf?version=1733372302","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39766684","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39766684","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11675294","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11675294","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11675294/pdf/entropy-26-01055.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f5473e407ded418083a5ce1fb1ca326d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f5473e407ded418083a5ce1fb1ca326d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 26, Iss 12, p 1055 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e26121055","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e26121055","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/26/12/1055/pdf?version=1733372302","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1656432230","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"5700-202356629A-3-2-ZN","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326707","funder_display_name":"State Grid Corporation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6974368677","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"-2-ZN","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326707","funder_display_name":"State Grid Corporation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326707","display_name":"State Grid Corporation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/05twwhs70"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4405082192.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975273809","https://openalex.org/W2104310451","https://openalex.org/W2788350651","https://openalex.org/W2800252416","https://openalex.org/W2901608252","https://openalex.org/W2911529145","https://openalex.org/W2965486946","https://openalex.org/W3097001528","https://openalex.org/W3120353641","https://openalex.org/W3192973400","https://openalex.org/W3197670830","https://openalex.org/W3208077300","https://openalex.org/W3214727290","https://openalex.org/W4210340876","https://openalex.org/W4220904356","https://openalex.org/W4225909459","https://openalex.org/W4296425807","https://openalex.org/W4297094914","https://openalex.org/W4323794879","https://openalex.org/W4375928939","https://openalex.org/W4396909856","https://openalex.org/W4398151508","https://openalex.org/W4399728369","https://openalex.org/W4401878682"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3087844490","https://openalex.org/W3090699061","https://openalex.org/W4387546583","https://openalex.org/W2171394093","https://openalex.org/W2051762234","https://openalex.org/W2131408743","https://openalex.org/W2055634632","https://openalex.org/W4396680560","https://openalex.org/W2787827467","https://openalex.org/W4385750381"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"investigated":[2],"a":[3,19],"non-orthogonal":[4],"multiple":[5],"access":[6,18,72,131],"(NOMA)-based":[7],"integrated":[8],"satellite-terrestrial":[9],"network":[10],"(ISTN),":[11],"where":[12],"each":[13,91],"user":[14,57],"can":[15,137],"select":[16],"to":[17,28,43,130,141],"terrestrial":[20,123],"base":[21],"station":[22],"(BS)":[23],"or":[24],"the":[25,29,45,54,67,71,76,79,83,93,97,105,108,112,118,135,144,152,157,160,166],"satellite":[26,136],"according":[27],"capacity":[30,121],"of":[31,70,107,122,154,162],"BS":[32],"and":[33,66,82,111],"their":[34],"individual":[35,63],"transmission":[36],"requirements.":[37],"A":[38],"two-stage":[39],"algorithm":[40,110],"is":[41,100,125],"proposed":[42,109],"solve":[44],"achievable":[46],"sum":[47],"rate":[48],"maximizing":[49],"resource":[50],"optimization":[51],"problem.":[52],"In":[53,75],"first":[55],"stage,":[56,78],"associations":[58],"are":[59,87],"determined":[60],"based":[61],"on":[62],"preference":[64],"lists":[65],"backhaul":[68,119],"capacities":[69],"points":[73],"(APs).":[74],"second":[77],"power":[80,99],"allocation,":[81],"receiving":[84],"beamforming":[85],"vectors":[86],"optimized":[88],"alternately.":[89],"Within":[90],"iteration,":[92],"closed-form":[94],"solution":[95],"for":[96],"transmit":[98],"derived.":[101],"Simulation":[102],"results":[103],"show":[104],"effectiveness":[106],"benefits":[113],"brought":[114],"by":[115],"NOMA.":[116],"When":[117],"link":[120],"BSs":[124],"sufficient,":[126],"users":[127],"(UEs)":[128],"prefer":[129],"these":[132],"BSs.":[133],"Otherwise,":[134],"offer":[138],"QoS":[139],"guarantees":[140],"UEs.":[142],"Furthermore,":[143],"overall":[145],"system":[146,158],"performance":[147],"reaches":[148],"its":[149],"optimum":[150],"when":[151],"number":[153,161],"UEs":[155],"in":[156],"matches":[159],"receive":[163],"antennas":[164],"at":[165],"APs.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}