{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404928952","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e26121039","title":"The Quantum Memory Matrix: A Unified Framework for the Black Hole Information Paradox","display_name":"The Quantum Memory Matrix: A Unified Framework for the Black Hole Information Paradox","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404928952","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e26121039","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39766668"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e26121039","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e26121039","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/26/12/1039/pdf?version=1732958537","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/26/12/1039/pdf?version=1732958537","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082621363","display_name":"Florian Neukart","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2562-1618"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121797337","display_name":"Leiden University","ror":"https://ror.org/027bh9e22","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121585","display_name":"Terra Quantum (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/02y8r3w10","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121585"]}],"countries":["CH","NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Florian Neukart","raw_affiliation_strings":["Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science, Leiden University, Gorlaeus Gebouw-BE-Vleugel, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 Leiden, The Netherlands","Terra Quantum AG, Kornhausstrasse 25, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2562-1618","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science, Leiden University, Gorlaeus Gebouw-BE-Vleugel, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 Leiden, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Terra Quantum AG, Kornhausstrasse 25, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086750402","display_name":"Reuben Brasher","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121585","display_name":"Terra Quantum (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/02y8r3w10","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121585"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reuben Brasher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Terra Quantum AG, Kornhausstrasse 25, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Terra Quantum AG, Kornhausstrasse 25, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121585"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112709280","display_name":"E. J. Marx","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0228-1296"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121585","display_name":"Terra Quantum (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/02y8r3w10","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121585"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eike Marx","raw_affiliation_strings":["Terra Quantum AG, Kornhausstrasse 25, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0228-1296","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Terra Quantum AG, Kornhausstrasse 25, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121585"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082621363"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121797337","https://openalex.org/I4210121585"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":3.24,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92863249,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"12","first_page":"1039","last_page":"1039"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11804","display_name":"Quantum many-body systems","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-memory","display_name":"Quantum memory","score":0.6078109741210938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-hole-information-paradox","display_name":"Black hole information paradox","score":0.5055809020996094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.46838265657424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-physics","display_name":"Theoretical physics","score":0.44661232829093933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-information","display_name":"Quantum information","score":0.43553081154823303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.43348583579063416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-hole","display_name":"Black hole (networking)","score":0.4218122959136963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","score":0.41685575246810913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.401481568813324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3819892406463623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.3674584627151489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-hole-thermodynamics","display_name":"Black hole thermodynamics","score":0.3442147970199585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.31340664625167847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.2615421414375305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-network","display_name":"Quantum network","score":0.21077409386634827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/micro-black-hole","display_name":"Micro black hole","score":0.10512176156044006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.096769779920578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.08594980835914612}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985428132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59402062","display_name":"Quantum memory","level":5,"score":0.6078109741210938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59087194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1471710","display_name":"Black hole information paradox","level":5,"score":0.5055809020996094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.46838265657424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.44661232829093933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169699857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122243","display_name":"Quantum information","level":3,"score":0.43553081154823303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43348583579063416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50341732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q880302","display_name":"Black hole (networking)","level":5,"score":0.4218122959136963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.41685575246810913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.401481568813324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3819892406463623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.3674584627151489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63745668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911284","display_name":"Black hole thermodynamics","level":3,"score":0.3442147970199585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.31340664625167847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.2615421414375305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186468114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836478","display_name":"Quantum network","level":4,"score":0.21077409386634827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188655511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q609501","display_name":"Micro black hole","level":4,"score":0.10512176156044006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.096769779920578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.08594980835914612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89305328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755411","display_name":"Link-state routing protocol","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e26121039","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e26121039","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/26/12/1039/pdf?version=1732958537","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39766668","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39766668","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2504.00039","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2504.00039","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2504.00039","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11726831","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11726831","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b5606c98d38e49babfa86a915a4329a5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b5606c98d38e49babfa86a915a4329a5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 26, Iss 12, p 1039 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e26121039","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e26121039","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/26/12/1039/pdf?version=1732958537","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404928952.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W47131799","https://openalex.org/W1563040068","https://openalex.org/W1889142700","https://openalex.org/W1970568585","https://openalex.org/W1979308046","https://openalex.org/W1988953911","https://openalex.org/W1991761790","https://openalex.org/W1994870116","https://openalex.org/W2042072504","https://openalex.org/W2042650304","https://openalex.org/W2061083933","https://openalex.org/W2063176445","https://openalex.org/W2066500891","https://openalex.org/W2070707213","https://openalex.org/W2073862476","https://openalex.org/W2077470755","https://openalex.org/W2090386790","https://openalex.org/W2097455345","https://openalex.org/W2100168895","https://openalex.org/W2107246682","https://openalex.org/W2109573413","https://openalex.org/W2118082065","https://openalex.org/W2118148695","https://openalex.org/W2127668517","https://openalex.org/W2141586044","https://openalex.org/W2142319084","https://openalex.org/W2143201073","https://openalex.org/W2145401633","https://openalex.org/W2146478425","https://openalex.org/W2149158236","https://openalex.org/W2157060807","https://openalex.org/W2164817854","https://openalex.org/W2166248051","https://openalex.org/W2167277890","https://openalex.org/W2195588460","https://openalex.org/W2225733786","https://openalex.org/W2252795400","https://openalex.org/W2260140032","https://openalex.org/W2399201328","https://openalex.org/W2480735324","https://openalex.org/W2530454890","https://openalex.org/W2916684525","https://openalex.org/W3037306418","https://openalex.org/W3037443854","https://openalex.org/W3062583422","https://openalex.org/W3086225689","https://openalex.org/W3093211807","https://openalex.org/W3098216333","https://openalex.org/W3102985634","https://openalex.org/W3105068823","https://openalex.org/W3105538099","https://openalex.org/W4232315234","https://openalex.org/W4234856688","https://openalex.org/W4247039696","https://openalex.org/W6765535669","https://openalex.org/W6785233078"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4382319540","https://openalex.org/W2949828272","https://openalex.org/W4388191615","https://openalex.org/W2393387068","https://openalex.org/W2796473040","https://openalex.org/W1550332525","https://openalex.org/W2997216363","https://openalex.org/W2963774918","https://openalex.org/W2952596455","https://openalex.org/W1903592607"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,123],"present":[1],"the":[2,10,18,32,86,91,149,158,165,175,230],"Quantum":[3,22],"Memory":[4],"Matrix":[5],"(QMM)":[6],"hypothesis,":[7],"which":[8],"addresses":[9],"longstanding":[11],"Black":[12,231],"Hole":[13,232],"Information":[14,233],"Paradox":[15,234],"rooted":[16],"in":[17,52,57,113,157,210,240],"apparent":[19],"conflict":[20],"between":[21],"Mechanics":[23],"(QM)":[24],"and":[25,43,82,101,106,136,164,181,188,213,243],"General":[26],"Relativity":[27],"(GR).":[28],"This":[29,167],"paradox":[30],"raises":[31],"question":[33],"of":[34,88,99,133,161,197],"how":[35],"information":[36,53,72,78,104,112],"is":[37,169],"preserved":[38],"during":[39,119],"black":[40,120,178],"hole":[41,121,179],"formation":[42],"evaporation,":[44],"given":[45],"that":[46,64,128,138],"Hawking":[47,211],"radiation":[48,212],"appears":[49],"to":[50,110,224,237],"result":[51],"loss,":[54],"challenging":[55],"unitarity":[56,118,155],"quantum":[58,71,75,80,134,140,162,183,241],"mechanics.":[59],"The":[60,220],"QMM":[61,108,221],"hypothesis":[62,168,222],"proposes":[63],"space-time":[65,89,100,130],"itself":[66],"acts":[67],"as":[68,205],"a":[69,96,114,125,226],"dynamic":[70],"reservoir,":[73],"with":[74,117,171],"imprints":[76],"encoding":[77,105],"about":[79],"states":[81],"interactions":[83,137],"directly":[84],"into":[85],"fabric":[87],"at":[90],"Planck":[92],"scale.":[93],"By":[94],"defining":[95],"quantized":[97],"model":[98],"mechanisms":[102],"for":[103,148,201],"retrieval,":[107],"aims":[109,223],"conserve":[111],"manner":[115],"consistent":[116],"processes.":[122],"develop":[124],"mathematical":[126],"framework":[127],"includes":[129],"quantization,":[131],"definitions":[132],"imprints,":[135],"modify":[139],"state":[141],"evolution":[142],"within":[143],"this":[144],"structure.":[145],"Explicit":[146],"expressions":[147],"interaction":[150],"Hamiltonians":[151],"are":[152],"provided,":[153],"demonstrating":[154],"preservation":[156],"combined":[159],"system":[160],"fields":[163],"QMM.":[166],"compared":[170],"existing":[172],"theories,":[173],"including":[174],"holographic":[176],"principle,":[177],"complementarity,":[180],"loop":[182],"gravity,":[184],"noting":[185],"its":[186,190],"distinctions":[187],"examining":[189],"limitations.":[191],"Finally,":[192],"we":[193],"discuss":[194],"observable":[195],"implications":[196],"QMM,":[198],"suggesting":[199],"pathways":[200],"experimental":[202],"evaluation,":[203],"such":[204],"potential":[206],"deviations":[207],"from":[208],"thermality":[209],"their":[214],"effects":[215],"on":[216],"gravitational":[217],"wave":[218],"signals.":[219],"provide":[225],"pathway":[227],"towards":[228],"resolving":[229],"while":[235],"contributing":[236],"broader":[238],"discussions":[239],"gravity":[242],"cosmology.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-03-11T06:11:40.159057","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
