{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404856187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e26121033","title":"Complexity Quantification of Driving Scenarios with Dynamic Evolution Characteristics","display_name":"Complexity Quantification of Driving Scenarios with Dynamic Evolution Characteristics","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404856187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e26121033","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39766662"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e26121033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e26121033","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/26/12/1033/pdf?version=1732886225","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/26/12/1033/pdf?version=1732886225","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004244540","display_name":"T. Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3200-1005"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089285","display_name":"Ji Hua Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/006aydy55","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089285"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165198","display_name":"Beijing Advanced Sciences and Innovation Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05qm21180","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165198"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyue Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Blockchain and Privacy Computing, Beijing 100091, China","LMIB, NLSDE, Beihang University, Beijing 100091, China","School of Artificial Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing 100094, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3200-1005","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Blockchain and Privacy Computing, Beijing 100091, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165198"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LMIB, NLSDE, Beihang University, Beijing 100091, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089285"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026141959","display_name":"Cong Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089285","display_name":"Ji Hua Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/006aydy55","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089285"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165198","display_name":"Beijing Advanced Sciences and Innovation Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05qm21180","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165198"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Blockchain and Privacy Computing, Beijing 100091, China","LMIB, NLSDE, Beihang University, Beijing 100091, China","School of Artificial Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing 100094, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7823-9726","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Blockchain and Privacy Computing, Beijing 100091, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165198"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LMIB, NLSDE, Beihang University, Beijing 100091, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089285"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059111171","display_name":"Ziqiao Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4340-5414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089285","display_name":"Ji Hua Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/006aydy55","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089285"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165198","display_name":"Beijing Advanced Sciences and Innovation Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05qm21180","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165198"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziqiao Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Blockchain and Privacy Computing, Beijing 100091, China","LMIB, NLSDE, Beihang University, Beijing 100091, China","School of Artificial Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing 100094, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4340-5414","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Blockchain and Privacy Computing, Beijing 100091, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165198"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LMIB, NLSDE, Beihang University, Beijing 100091, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089285"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025047593","display_name":"Zhilong Mi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7811-7204"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089285","display_name":"Ji Hua Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/006aydy55","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089285"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165198","display_name":"Beijing Advanced Sciences and Innovation Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05qm21180","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165198"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhilong Mi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Blockchain and Privacy Computing, Beijing 100091, China","LMIB, NLSDE, Beihang University, Beijing 100091, China","School of Artificial Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing 100094, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7811-7204","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Blockchain and Privacy Computing, Beijing 100091, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165198"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LMIB, NLSDE, Beihang University, Beijing 100091, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089285"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiya Xiong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165198","display_name":"Beijing Advanced Sciences and Innovation Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05qm21180","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165198"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiya Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Blockchain and Privacy Computing, Beijing 100091, China","LMIB, NLSDE, Beihang University, Beijing 100091, China","School of Artificial Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Blockchain and Privacy Computing, Beijing 100091, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165198"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LMIB, NLSDE, Beihang University, Beijing 100091, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089707942","display_name":"Binghui Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0540-3779"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089285","display_name":"Ji Hua Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/006aydy55","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089285"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165198","display_name":"Beijing Advanced Sciences and Innovation Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05qm21180","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165198"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Binghui Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Blockchain and Privacy Computing, Beijing 100091, China","LMIB, NLSDE, Beihang University, Beijing 100091, China","School of Artificial Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing 100094, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0540-3779","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Blockchain and Privacy Computing, Beijing 100091, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165198"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LMIB, NLSDE, Beihang University, Beijing 100091, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089285"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089707942"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089285","https://openalex.org/I4210165198","https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":1.4662,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81681069,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"12","first_page":"1033","last_page":"1033"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.974399983882904,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9659000039100647,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7601062655448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.5681602954864502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.4993159770965576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.4712888300418854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3563121557235718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.24467167258262634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7601062655448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5681602954864502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.4993159770965576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.4712888300418854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3563121557235718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.24467167258262634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e26121033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e26121033","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/26/12/1033/pdf?version=1732886225","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39766662","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39766662","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11726841","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11726841","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11726841/pdf/entropy-26-01033.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:85e4c045a77f48d384ac96d4183d1ac3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/85e4c045a77f48d384ac96d4183d1ac3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 26, Iss 12, p 1033 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e26121033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e26121033","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/26/12/1033/pdf?version=1732886225","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6499999761581421,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404856187.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1946851622","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2145755120","https://openalex.org/W2301212998","https://openalex.org/W2385955776","https://openalex.org/W2521921275","https://openalex.org/W2744171264","https://openalex.org/W2768222372","https://openalex.org/W2777432706","https://openalex.org/W2897756887","https://openalex.org/W2901100349","https://openalex.org/W2909463035","https://openalex.org/W2963087201","https://openalex.org/W2991458725","https://openalex.org/W3011124569","https://openalex.org/W3034543232","https://openalex.org/W3126147792","https://openalex.org/W3127647470","https://openalex.org/W3147220144","https://openalex.org/W3152356823","https://openalex.org/W3196020871","https://openalex.org/W3209351137","https://openalex.org/W4230519770","https://openalex.org/W4313854933","https://openalex.org/W4322706623","https://openalex.org/W4353056919","https://openalex.org/W4387276377","https://openalex.org/W4392562834","https://openalex.org/W4399137579","https://openalex.org/W6727693880","https://openalex.org/W6757879705"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W4255837520","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Complexity":[0,57],"is":[1],"a":[2],"key":[3],"measure":[4,87],"of":[5,37,68,151,168],"driving":[6,12,156],"scenario":[7,19,91,108,140,157],"significance":[8],"for":[9,17,61],"scenario-based":[10],"autonomous":[11,62],"tests.":[13],"However,":[14],"current":[15],"methods":[16,170],"quantifying":[18],"complexity":[20,109,141,158],"primarily":[21],"focus":[22],"on":[23,78],"static":[24],"scenes":[25,115],"rather":[26],"than":[27],"dynamic":[28,35,49,74,111,122],"scenarios":[29,46],"and":[30,73,142,162,189],"fail":[31],"to":[32,86,181],"represent":[33],"the":[34,54,66,69,94,101,149,152,166,179],"evolution":[36],"scenarios.":[38,191],"Autonomous":[39],"vehicle":[40],"performance":[41,146],"may":[42,116],"vary":[43],"significantly":[44],"across":[45,159],"with":[47,110],"different":[48],"changes.":[50],"This":[51,176],"paper":[52],"proposes":[53],"Dynamic":[55,83],"Scenario":[56],"Quantification":[58],"(DSCQ)":[59],"method":[60,103,131],"driving,":[63],"which":[64],"integrates":[65],"effects":[67],"environment,":[70],"road":[71],"conditions,":[72],"entities":[75],"in":[76,187],"traffic":[77],"complexity.":[79,175],"Additionally,":[80],"it":[81],"introduces":[82],"Effect":[84],"Entropy":[85],"uncertainty":[88],"arising":[89],"from":[90],"evolution.":[92,112],"Using":[93],"real-world":[95],"DENSE":[96],"dataset,":[97],"we":[98],"demonstrate":[99],"that":[100,171],"proposed":[102,130],"more":[104],"accurately":[105],"quantifies":[106,155],"real":[107],"Although":[113],"certain":[114],"appear":[117],"less":[118],"complex,":[119],"their":[120],"significant":[121],"changes":[123],"over":[124],"time":[125],"are":[126],"captured":[127],"by":[128,134],"our":[129],"but":[132],"overlooked":[133],"conventional":[135],"approaches.":[136],"The":[137],"correlation":[138],"between":[139],"object":[143],"detection":[144],"algorithm":[145],"further":[147],"proves":[148],"effectiveness":[150],"method.":[153],"DSCQ":[154],"both":[160],"spatial":[161,174],"temporal":[163],"scales,":[164],"filling":[165],"gap":[167],"existing":[169],"only":[172],"consider":[173],"approach":[177],"shows":[178],"potential":[180],"enhance":[182],"AV":[183],"safety":[184],"testing":[185],"efficiency":[186],"varied":[188],"evolving":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}