{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404106340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e26110955","title":"Identifying Key Nodes for the Influence Spread Using a Machine Learning Approach","display_name":"Identifying Key Nodes for the Influence Spread Using a Machine Learning Approach","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404106340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e26110955","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39593900"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e26110955","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e26110955","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/26/11/955/pdf?version=1730904277","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/26/11/955/pdf?version=1730904277","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046028927","display_name":"Marek Stolarski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8870-3394"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11923345","display_name":"Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/008fyn775","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11923345"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I686019","display_name":"AGH University of Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/00bas1c41","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mateusz Stolarski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Artificial Intelligence, Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8870-3394","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence, Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11923345","https://openalex.org/I686019"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092491305","display_name":"Adam Pir\u00f3g","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam Pir\u00f3g","raw_affiliation_strings":["4Semantics, 00-833 Warszawa, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"4Semantics, 00-833 Warszawa, Poland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022573878","display_name":"Piotr Br\u00f3dka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6474-0089"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11923345","display_name":"Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/008fyn775","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11923345"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I686019","display_name":"AGH University of Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/00bas1c41","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Piotr Br\u00f3dka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Artificial Intelligence, Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6474-0089","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence, Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11923345","https://openalex.org/I686019"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046028927"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11923345","https://openalex.org/I686019"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"fwci":1.4265,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81024177,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"11","first_page":"955","last_page":"955"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12592","display_name":"Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13283","display_name":"Mental Health Research Topics","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8411885499954224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.6725766062736511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6606664657592773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viral-marketing","display_name":"Viral marketing","score":0.6386715769767761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.582405686378479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5742324590682983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.5446443557739258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximization","display_name":"Maximization","score":0.48706772923469543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.4744780361652374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.4738907217979431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.45952922105789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/novelty","display_name":"Novelty","score":0.4497586786746979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pairwise-comparison","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","score":0.4481099843978882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/centrality","display_name":"Centrality","score":0.43076249957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4002801775932312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.10331571102142334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.10268062353134155}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8411885499954224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.6725766062736511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6606664657592773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187008535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204255","display_name":"Viral marketing","level":3,"score":0.6386715769767761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.582405686378479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5742324590682983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.5446443557739258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776330181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18358244","display_name":"Maximization","level":2,"score":0.48706772923469543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4744780361652374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.4738907217979431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.45952922105789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778738651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16546687","display_name":"Novelty","level":2,"score":0.4497586786746979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184898388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435712","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","level":2,"score":0.4481099843978882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53811970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5062194","display_name":"Centrality","level":2,"score":0.43076249957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4002801775932312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.10331571102142334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.10268062353134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e26110955","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e26110955","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/26/11/955/pdf?version=1730904277","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39593900","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39593900","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2412.01949","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2412.01949","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2412.01949","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11592689","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11592689","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11592689/pdf/entropy-26-00955.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b99143be45ef4f538588ad19425635a7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b99143be45ef4f538588ad19425635a7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 26, Iss 11, p 955 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e26110955","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e26110955","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/26/11/955/pdf?version=1730904277","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8100000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2348957133","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022/45/B/ST6/04145","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322650","funder_display_name":"Narodowym Centrum Nauki"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3361401150","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101086321","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","funder_display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6048315519","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101086321 OMINO","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","funder_display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322650","display_name":"Narodowym Centrum Nauki","ror":"https://ror.org/03ha2q922"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404106340.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1671906456","https://openalex.org/W1673310716","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W2004824191","https://openalex.org/W2056944867","https://openalex.org/W2061820396","https://openalex.org/W2075421046","https://openalex.org/W2077551920","https://openalex.org/W2084974221","https://openalex.org/W2087194317","https://openalex.org/W2099970772","https://openalex.org/W2134784378","https://openalex.org/W2150593711","https://openalex.org/W2315403234","https://openalex.org/W2769582432","https://openalex.org/W2775142478","https://openalex.org/W2795059057","https://openalex.org/W2884078301","https://openalex.org/W2936026006","https://openalex.org/W2962862931","https://openalex.org/W2962890993","https://openalex.org/W2995364047","https://openalex.org/W2998525744","https://openalex.org/W3014362800","https://openalex.org/W3034324260","https://openalex.org/W3101456328","https://openalex.org/W3105935714","https://openalex.org/W3108069606","https://openalex.org/W3135028703","https://openalex.org/W3160872503","https://openalex.org/W3194502798","https://openalex.org/W3202610621","https://openalex.org/W4205228266","https://openalex.org/W4213278816","https://openalex.org/W4293835147","https://openalex.org/W4306956355","https://openalex.org/W4313320720","https://openalex.org/W4372342544","https://openalex.org/W4383069297","https://openalex.org/W4388112651","https://openalex.org/W6664702507","https://openalex.org/W6737947904","https://openalex.org/W6785948369","https://openalex.org/W6800354152"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W874708728","https://openalex.org/W2902193799","https://openalex.org/W2046658895","https://openalex.org/W2269573953","https://openalex.org/W2465338762","https://openalex.org/W2939506735","https://openalex.org/W2770232349","https://openalex.org/W2729460574","https://openalex.org/W2558516130","https://openalex.org/W4297648919"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"identification":[1],"of":[2,23,128,161,171,196,207],"key":[3,108],"nodes":[4,109],"in":[5,12,48],"complex":[6,194],"networks":[7,195],"is":[8,18,116,124,175],"an":[9,94,125],"important":[10,202],"topic":[11],"many":[13],"network":[14],"science":[15],"areas.":[16],"It":[17],"vital":[19],"to":[20,42,155,166,178,191],"a":[21,117,162],"variety":[22],"real-world":[24],"applications,":[25],"including":[26],"viral":[27],"marketing,":[28],"epidemic":[29],"spreading":[30,173],"and":[31,50,139,188,199],"influence":[32,101,160],"maximization.":[33],"In":[34,85],"recent":[35],"years,":[36],"machine":[37,96],"learning":[38],"algorithms":[39],"have":[40],"proven":[41],"outperform":[43],"the":[44,62,68,75,100,111,130,159,172,179,205],"conventional,":[45],"centrality-based":[46],"methods":[47],"accuracy":[49],"consistency,":[51],"but":[52,165],"this":[53,86],"approach":[54],"still":[55],"requires":[56],"further":[57],"refinement.":[58],"What":[59],"information":[60],"about":[61],"influencers":[63],"can":[64,71],"be":[65],"extracted":[66],"from":[67],"network?":[69],"How":[70],"we":[72,88,147,183],"precisely":[73],"obtain":[74],"labels":[76,131],"required":[77,132],"for":[78,99,110,133],"training?":[79],"Can":[80],"these":[81,90,208],"models":[82,154],"generalize":[83,192],"well?":[84],"paper,":[87],"answer":[89],"questions":[91],"by":[92,135],"presenting":[93],"enhanced":[95],"learning-based":[97],"framework":[98,187],"spread":[102],"problem.":[103],"We":[104],"focus":[105],"on":[106],"identifying":[107],"Independent":[112],"Cascade":[113],"model,":[114],"which":[115],"popular":[118],"reference":[119],"method.":[120],"Our":[121],"main":[122],"contribution":[123],"improved":[126],"process":[127],"obtaining":[129],"training":[134],"introducing":[136],"\"Smart":[137],"Bins\"":[138],"proving":[140],"their":[141],"advantage":[142],"over":[143],"known":[144],"methods.":[145,209],"Next,":[146],"show":[148],"that":[149],"our":[150,186],"methodology":[151],"allows":[152],"ML":[153],"not":[156],"only":[157],"predict":[158],"given":[163],"node,":[164],"also":[167],"determine":[168],"other":[169],"characteristics":[170],"process-which":[174],"another":[176],"novelty":[177],"relevant":[180],"literature.":[181],"Finally,":[182],"extensively":[184],"test":[185],"its":[189],"ability":[190],"beyond":[193],"different":[197],"types":[198],"sizes,":[200],"gaining":[201],"insight":[203],"into":[204],"properties":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}