{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402253933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e26090758","title":"Cooperative Jamming-Based Physical-Layer Group Secret and Private Key Generation","display_name":"Cooperative Jamming-Based Physical-Layer Group Secret and Private Key Generation","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402253933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e26090758","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39330091"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e26090758","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e26090758","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/26/9/758/pdf?version=1725451935","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/26/9/758/pdf?version=1725451935","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108152557","display_name":"Shiming Fu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116144","display_name":"Chongqing University of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02d06s578","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116144"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiming Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400065, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tong Ling","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong Ling","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100645593","display_name":"Jun Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5667-5992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100355455","display_name":"Yong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1584-1622"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100355455"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.11387658,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"9","first_page":"758","last_page":"758"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12879","display_name":"Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms","score":0.9470000267028809,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.8779152631759644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.7295840978622437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jamming","display_name":"Jamming","score":0.7195179462432861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.659799337387085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay-channel","display_name":"Relay channel","score":0.6508437991142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.648581326007843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.6076576709747314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5808894038200378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alice-and-bob","display_name":"Alice and Bob","score":0.5479264259338379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.50383061170578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.4787858724594116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-generation","display_name":"Key generation","score":0.470389723777771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.4591377079486847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.3998672664165497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3087533712387085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2507719397544861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1612514853477478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alice","display_name":"Alice (programming language)","score":0.15408018231391907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.14316299557685852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.092835932970047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08523720502853394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.07329759001731873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.06958469748497009}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.8779152631759644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.7295840978622437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779079576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17092823","display_name":"Jamming","level":2,"score":0.7195179462432861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.659799337387085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46257984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310895","display_name":"Relay channel","level":4,"score":0.6508437991142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.648581326007843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.6076576709747314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5808894038200378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127964579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q649676","display_name":"Alice and Bob","level":3,"score":0.5479264259338379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.50383061170578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.4787858724594116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163173736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3308558","display_name":"Key generation","level":3,"score":0.470389723777771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.4591377079486847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3998672664165497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3087533712387085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2507719397544861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1612514853477478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778222013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136926","display_name":"Alice (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.15408018231391907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.14316299557685852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.092835932970047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08523720502853394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.07329759001731873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.06958469748497009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e26090758","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e26090758","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/26/9/758/pdf?version=1725451935","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39330091","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39330091","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11430993","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11430993","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11430993/pdf/entropy-26-00758.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b7ebae6608e64e41a450e2c8b75fb594","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b7ebae6608e64e41a450e2c8b75fb594","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 26, Iss 9, p 758 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e26090758","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e26090758","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/26/9/758/pdf?version=1725451935","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324805","display_name":"Chongqing Municipal Education Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/031nm5713"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402253933.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402253933.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1986897620","https://openalex.org/W1992840746","https://openalex.org/W2005962614","https://openalex.org/W2014912629","https://openalex.org/W2015105729","https://openalex.org/W2108777864","https://openalex.org/W2110358873","https://openalex.org/W2154832352","https://openalex.org/W2291446922","https://openalex.org/W2300417526","https://openalex.org/W2337682774","https://openalex.org/W2568947143","https://openalex.org/W2570092323","https://openalex.org/W2605295937","https://openalex.org/W2801958602","https://openalex.org/W2944046640","https://openalex.org/W2946340226","https://openalex.org/W3008013234","https://openalex.org/W3114123310","https://openalex.org/W3161594686","https://openalex.org/W3195333310","https://openalex.org/W3198654303","https://openalex.org/W3201949613","https://openalex.org/W4210417997","https://openalex.org/W4323022389","https://openalex.org/W4384158405","https://openalex.org/W4387448438","https://openalex.org/W4388240178"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2972424885","https://openalex.org/W2104478100","https://openalex.org/W2107866095","https://openalex.org/W1680452241","https://openalex.org/W2051457655","https://openalex.org/W2097805107","https://openalex.org/W2561179371","https://openalex.org/W3092569272","https://openalex.org/W2551856726","https://openalex.org/W3193292754"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,72,142],"paper":[1,143],"explores":[2],"physical":[3],"layer":[4],"group":[5,195],"key":[6,117,129,196],"generation":[7],"in":[8,69,173],"wireless":[9],"relay":[10,20,47,76,89,139],"networks":[11],"with":[12],"a":[13,27,63,92,115,127,162],"star":[14],"topology.":[15],"In":[16],"this":[17,70],"setup,":[18],"the":[19,23,40,46,52,59,75,84,105,109,123,138,146,152,167,174,183,186],"node":[21,36],"plays":[22],"role":[24],"of":[25,104,151,185,194],"either":[26],"trusted":[28],"or":[29,126],"untrusted":[30],"central":[31],"node,":[32],"while":[33],"one":[34],"legitimate":[35,110],"(Alice)":[37],"acts":[38],"as":[39,51],"reference":[41,53,85,106],"node.":[42],"The":[43],"channel":[44,60,80,86],"between":[45,166],"and":[48,87,140,148,170,192],"Alice":[49],"serves":[50],"channel.":[54,107],"To":[55],"enhance":[56],"security":[57,191],"during":[58],"measurement":[61],"stage,":[62],"cooperative":[64],"jamming-based":[65],"scheme":[66,73,188],"is":[67,95],"proposed":[68,187],"paper.":[71],"allows":[74],"to":[77,97,101,133],"obtain":[78,102],"superimposed":[79],"observations":[81],"from":[82,122,136],"both":[83,137],"other":[88],"channels.":[90],"Then,":[91],"public":[93],"discussion":[94],"utilized":[96],"enable":[98],"all":[99],"nodes":[100,111],"estimates":[103],"Subsequently,":[108],"can":[112],"agree":[113],"on":[114],"secret":[116,121,135],"(SK)":[118],"that":[119,131,158],"remains":[120],"eavesdropper":[124],"(Eve),":[125],"private":[128],"(PK)":[130],"needs":[132],"be":[134],"Eve.":[141],"also":[144],"derives":[145],"lower":[147,171],"upper":[149,169],"bounds":[150,172],"SK/PK":[153,168],"capacity.":[154],"Notably,":[155],"it":[156],"demonstrates":[157],"there":[159],"exists":[160],"only":[161],"small":[163],"constant":[164],"difference":[165],"high":[175],"signal-to-noise":[176],"ratio":[177],"(SNR)":[178],"regime.":[179],"Simulation":[180],"results":[181],"confirm":[182],"effectiveness":[184],"for":[189],"ensuring":[190],"efficiency":[193],"generation.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}