{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402128372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e26090751","title":"A Randomization-Based, Model-Free Approach to Functional Neuroimaging: A Proof of Concept","display_name":"A Randomization-Based, Model-Free Approach to Functional Neuroimaging: A Proof of Concept","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402128372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e26090751","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39330084"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e26090751","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e26090751","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/26/9/751/pdf?version=1725268460","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/26/9/751/pdf?version=1725268460","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065480857","display_name":"Matan Mazor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3601-0644"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matan Mazor","raw_affiliation_strings":["All Souls College, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 4AL, UK","School of Psychological Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3601-0644","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"All Souls College, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 4AL, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychological Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077458180","display_name":"Roy Mukamel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9359-8950"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16391192","display_name":"Tel Aviv University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mhzgx49","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roy Mukamel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel","School of Psychological Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9359-8950","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychological Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065480857"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.323,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58057487,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"9","first_page":"751","last_page":"751"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.978600025177002,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7472379207611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroimaging","display_name":"Neuroimaging","score":0.6458142995834351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-neuroimaging","display_name":"Functional neuroimaging","score":0.6326849460601807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-inference","display_name":"Statistical inference","score":0.5313186049461365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proof-of-concept","display_name":"Proof of concept","score":0.5094874501228333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.4934646189212799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.46569880843162537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.45069390535354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-magnetic-resonance-imaging","display_name":"Functional magnetic resonance imaging","score":0.42685604095458984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.424551784992218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.41670507192611694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.4120682179927826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ask-price","display_name":"Ask price","score":0.41150158643722534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.184564471244812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.13778012990951538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.13346770405769348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.10056468844413757}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7472379207611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58693492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q551875","display_name":"Neuroimaging","level":2,"score":0.6458142995834351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52338299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1004354","display_name":"Functional neuroimaging","level":3,"score":0.6326849460601807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134261354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438","display_name":"Statistical inference","level":2,"score":0.5313186049461365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124978682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1201019","display_name":"Proof of concept","level":2,"score":0.5094874501228333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.4934646189212799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.46569880843162537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45069390535354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779226451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903809","display_name":"Functional magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.42685604095458984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.424551784992218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.41670507192611694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.4120682179927826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90329073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q914232","display_name":"Ask price","level":2,"score":0.41150158643722534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.184564471244812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.13778012990951538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.13346770405769348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10056468844413757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e26090751","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e26090751","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/26/9/751/pdf?version=1725268460","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39330084","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39330084","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11431619","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11431619","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11431619/pdf/entropy-26-00751.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1620fdfbc0574a239e3fd23f9fea5333","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1620fdfbc0574a239e3fd23f9fea5333","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 26, Iss 9, p 751 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ora.ox.ac.uk:uuid:0c90ba63-2257-4c80-8db6-365a855aa584","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402636","display_name":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symplectic Elements","raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_dcae04bc"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e26090751","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e26090751","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/26/9/751/pdf?version=1725268460","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402128372.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402128372.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W404240460","https://openalex.org/W1486339199","https://openalex.org/W1488882436","https://openalex.org/W1596515083","https://openalex.org/W1964106604","https://openalex.org/W1967646528","https://openalex.org/W1968668047","https://openalex.org/W1975409770","https://openalex.org/W1986825222","https://openalex.org/W1996977322","https://openalex.org/W1998269441","https://openalex.org/W2002196360","https://openalex.org/W2002692727","https://openalex.org/W2009494091","https://openalex.org/W2025175823","https://openalex.org/W2046104092","https://openalex.org/W2049161753","https://openalex.org/W2051600285","https://openalex.org/W2052314238","https://openalex.org/W2062763419","https://openalex.org/W2069527505","https://openalex.org/W2071714163","https://openalex.org/W2082906925","https://openalex.org/W2089632738","https://openalex.org/W2090144378","https://openalex.org/W2096545952","https://openalex.org/W2097137621","https://openalex.org/W2097795807","https://openalex.org/W2098303658","https://openalex.org/W2111609296","https://openalex.org/W2116649573","https://openalex.org/W2123923307","https://openalex.org/W2128333388","https://openalex.org/W2129694482","https://openalex.org/W2137026143","https://openalex.org/W2139376466","https://openalex.org/W2142432333","https://openalex.org/W2153633111","https://openalex.org/W2156287046","https://openalex.org/W2159066436","https://openalex.org/W2160654481","https://openalex.org/W2161766613","https://openalex.org/W2166556389","https://openalex.org/W2172168442","https://openalex.org/W2276275925","https://openalex.org/W2318928929","https://openalex.org/W2520567684","https://openalex.org/W2790526162","https://openalex.org/W2963123582","https://openalex.org/W2974310305","https://openalex.org/W2977883299","https://openalex.org/W3158917647","https://openalex.org/W3199287463","https://openalex.org/W4294214781","https://openalex.org/W4311501806","https://openalex.org/W6613934775","https://openalex.org/W6635617995","https://openalex.org/W6683549829","https://openalex.org/W6683641257"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2168627904","https://openalex.org/W2515552481","https://openalex.org/W1605634805","https://openalex.org/W4240825241","https://openalex.org/W1523947082","https://openalex.org/W2373367512","https://openalex.org/W2013737800","https://openalex.org/W2000322059","https://openalex.org/W2729728700","https://openalex.org/W1971107997"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Functional":[0],"neuroimaging":[1],"analysis":[2],"takes":[3],"noisy":[4],"multidimensional":[5],"measurements":[6],"as":[7,20],"input":[8],"and":[9,60,145,150],"produces":[10],"statistical":[11,58],"inferences":[12,23],"regarding":[13],"the":[14,40,48,73,80,138,147],"functional":[15,51,115,124],"properties":[16],"of":[17,34,50,55,75,86,135,140,152,158],"brain":[18],"regions":[19],"output.":[21],"Such":[22],"are":[24,100],"most":[25],"commonly":[26],"model-based,":[27],"in":[28,47,95,137,156],"that":[29,90],"they":[30,91],"assume":[31],"a":[32,110,133,141],"model":[33,98],"how":[35],"neural":[36],"activity":[37],"translates":[38],"to":[39,64,103,114,122],"measured":[41],"signal":[42,46],"(blood":[43],"oxygenation":[44],"level-dependent":[45],"case":[49],"MRI).":[52],"The":[53],"use":[54],"models":[56],"increases":[57],"sensitivity":[59],"makes":[61,119],"it":[62,120],"possible":[63,121,148],"ask":[65],"fine-grained":[66],"theoretical":[67,77],"questions.":[68],"However,":[69],"this":[70,106,153],"comes":[71],"at":[72],"cost":[74],"making":[76],"assumptions":[78,99],"about":[79],"underlying":[81],"data-generating":[82],"process.":[83],"An":[84],"advantage":[85],"model-free":[87,112],"approaches":[88],"is":[89],"can":[92],"be":[93],"used":[94],"cases":[96],"where":[97],"known":[101],"not":[102],"hold.":[104],"To":[105],"end,":[107],"we":[108],"introduce":[109],"randomization-based,":[111],"approach":[113,155],"neuroimaging.":[116],"TWISTER":[117],"randomization":[118],"infer":[123],"selectivity":[125],"from":[126],"correlations":[127],"between":[128],"experimental":[129],"runs.":[130],"We":[131],"provide":[132],"proof":[134],"concept":[136],"form":[139],"visuomotor":[142],"mapping":[143],"experiment":[144],"discuss":[146],"strengths":[149],"limitations":[151],"new":[154],"light":[157],"our":[159],"empirical":[160],"results.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
