{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399972196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e26070538","title":"Pedaling Asymmetry Reflected by Bilateral EMG Complexity in Chronic Stroke","display_name":"Pedaling Asymmetry Reflected by Bilateral EMG Complexity in Chronic Stroke","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399972196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e26070538","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39056901"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e26070538","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e26070538","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/26/7/538/pdf?version=1719129698","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/26/7/538/pdf?version=1719129698","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074332921","display_name":"Shi\u2010Chun Bao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4182-3201"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145761","display_name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gh4er46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shi-Chun Bao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China","National Innovation Center for Advanced Medical Devices, Shenzhen 518110, China","Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4182-3201","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Innovation Center for Advanced Medical Devices, Shenzhen 518110, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145761","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071389918","display_name":"Rui Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3205-7509"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3205-7509","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066840655","display_name":"Raymond Kai\u2010Yu Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4375-653X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Raymond Kai-Yu Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4375-653X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066840655","https://openalex.org/A5074332921"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":1.008,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72815034,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"7","first_page":"538","last_page":"538"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-stroke","display_name":"Chronic stroke","score":0.8087902069091797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.6911996603012085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/approximate-entropy","display_name":"Approximate entropy","score":0.5964533090591431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroke","display_name":"Stroke (engine)","score":0.5312677621841431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.5158838033676147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromyography","display_name":"Electromyography","score":0.4512917995452881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-therapy","display_name":"Physical therapy","score":0.4458485543727875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3156813979148865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rehabilitation","display_name":"Rehabilitation","score":0.158805251121521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.11984118819236755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.06404095888137817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-series","display_name":"Time series","score":0.05991333723068237}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018579778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12202","display_name":"Chronic stroke","level":3,"score":0.8087902069091797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.6911996603012085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86859247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4781760","display_name":"Approximate entropy","level":3,"score":0.5964533090591431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780645631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671554","display_name":"Stroke (engine)","level":2,"score":0.5312677621841431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5158838033676147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777515770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507369","display_name":"Electromyography","level":2,"score":0.4512917995452881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.4458485543727875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3156813979148865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778818304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1819478","display_name":"Rehabilitation","level":2,"score":0.158805251121521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.11984118819236755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.06404095888137817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151406439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588","display_name":"Time series","level":2,"score":0.05991333723068237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e26070538","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e26070538","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/26/7/538/pdf?version=1719129698","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39056901","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39056901","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk:10397/111964","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10397/111964","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400205","display_name":"PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal/Magazine Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11275654","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11275654","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11275654/pdf/entropy-26-00538.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:795d61261f414cc5af00841d90b33503","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/795d61261f414cc5af00841d90b33503","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 26, Iss 7, p 538 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e26070538","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e26070538","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/26/7/538/pdf?version=1719129698","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1330233547","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JSGG20211029095801002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2206498777","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RCBS20210609104358078","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3122395392","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62101546","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3595619602","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ITS/276/15","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4579886514","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ITS/276/15","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5103511640","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JSGG20211029095801002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5888881665","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021YFF0501600","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7198521285","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62101546","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7395901126","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021YFF0501600","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7846715065","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RCBS20210609104358078","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8948570454","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ITS/276/15","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326427","funder_display_name":"Innovation and Technology Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322942","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326427","display_name":"Innovation and Technology Fund","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399972196.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1834718098","https://openalex.org/W1862394037","https://openalex.org/W1978219043","https://openalex.org/W1997757803","https://openalex.org/W1999479044","https://openalex.org/W2000439420","https://openalex.org/W2002260327","https://openalex.org/W2010271590","https://openalex.org/W2013977855","https://openalex.org/W2015960465","https://openalex.org/W2033388790","https://openalex.org/W2041758746","https://openalex.org/W2065327112","https://openalex.org/W2066147696","https://openalex.org/W2086634665","https://openalex.org/W2126461357","https://openalex.org/W2132234129","https://openalex.org/W2139830197","https://openalex.org/W2141536652","https://openalex.org/W2144420028","https://openalex.org/W2154602707","https://openalex.org/W2156792796","https://openalex.org/W2156914236","https://openalex.org/W2164104048","https://openalex.org/W2291600313","https://openalex.org/W2328504089","https://openalex.org/W2334862397","https://openalex.org/W2412336054","https://openalex.org/W2524600943","https://openalex.org/W2550623354","https://openalex.org/W2770984960","https://openalex.org/W2783432631","https://openalex.org/W2792352835","https://openalex.org/W2803196344","https://openalex.org/W2884654919","https://openalex.org/W2927869096","https://openalex.org/W2945090891","https://openalex.org/W2949570284","https://openalex.org/W2967787724","https://openalex.org/W2989659642","https://openalex.org/W2990983895","https://openalex.org/W3003180632","https://openalex.org/W3010403861","https://openalex.org/W3042570421","https://openalex.org/W3045478222","https://openalex.org/W3096453626","https://openalex.org/W3100308163","https://openalex.org/W3111578265","https://openalex.org/W3184530027","https://openalex.org/W4365484692","https://openalex.org/W4386051508","https://openalex.org/W4390949079","https://openalex.org/W4394675498","https://openalex.org/W6759787836"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2391009298","https://openalex.org/W4393120927","https://openalex.org/W1558657480","https://openalex.org/W4401946076","https://openalex.org/W2921020473","https://openalex.org/W4245350359","https://openalex.org/W2976372305","https://openalex.org/W2614290014","https://openalex.org/W4233025812","https://openalex.org/W3207863086"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,144],"study":[1,145],"examines":[2],"pedaling":[3,33,67,97,118],"asymmetry":[4],"using":[5,35],"the":[6,82,95,112,127],"electromyogram":[7],"(EMG)":[8],"complexity":[9,58,61,83,115,130,149],"of":[10,44,63,72,84,91,139],"six":[11],"bilateral":[12],"lower":[13,160],"limb":[14,161],"muscles":[15],"for":[16,155,165],"chronic":[17,22,79,166],"stroke":[18,23,64,80,140,167],"survivors.":[19,168],"Fifteen":[20],"unilateral":[21],"and":[24,30,111],"twelve":[25],"healthy":[26,73],"participants":[27,65,74],"joined":[28],"passive":[29,96,117,132],"volitional":[31],"recumbent":[32],"tasks":[34,164],"a":[36,41,105],"self-modified":[37],"stationary":[38],"bike":[39],"with":[40],"constant":[42],"speed":[43],"25":[45],"revolutions":[46],"per":[47],"minute.":[48],"The":[49],"fuzzy":[50],"approximate":[51],"entropy":[52],"(fApEn)":[53],"was":[54,87,104],"adopted":[55],"in":[56,159],"EMG":[57,60,114,129,148],"estimation.":[59],"values":[62],"during":[66,94,116,131],"were":[68],"smaller":[69,88],"than":[70,89],"those":[71],"(p":[75,99,119],"=":[76,100,120,123],"0.002).":[77],"For":[78],"participants,":[81],"paretic":[85,113,128],"limbs":[86,93],"that":[90,126,147],"non-paretic":[92],"task":[98],"0.005).":[101],"Additionally,":[102],"there":[103],"significant":[106],"correlation":[107],"between":[108],"clinical":[109],"scores":[110],"0.022,":[121],"p":[122],"0.028),":[124],"indicating":[125],"movement":[133,163],"might":[134],"serve":[135],"as":[136],"an":[137,151],"indicator":[138],"motor":[141],"function":[142],"status.":[143],"suggests":[146],"is":[150],"appropriate":[152],"quantitative":[153],"tool":[154],"measuring":[156],"neuromuscular":[157],"characteristics":[158],"dynamic":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
