{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3154975232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e26020111","title":"Gauge-Invariant Quantum Thermodynamics: Consequences for the First Law","display_name":"Gauge-Invariant Quantum Thermodynamics: Consequences for the First Law","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3154975232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e26020111","mag":"3154975232","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38392366"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e26020111","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e26020111","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/26/2/111/pdf?version=1706237866","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/26/2/111/pdf?version=1706237866","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090401800","display_name":"Lucas C. C\u00e9leri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5120-8176"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68106152","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Goi\u00e1s","ror":"https://ror.org/0039d5757","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68106152"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lucas C. C\u00e9leri","raw_affiliation_strings":["QPequi Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Goi\u00e1s, Goi\u00e2nia 74690-900, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5120-8176","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"QPequi Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Goi\u00e1s, Goi\u00e2nia 74690-900, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68106152"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070020238","display_name":"\u0141ukasz Rudnicki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8563-6101"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40413290","display_name":"University of Gda\u0144sk","ror":"https://ror.org/011dv8m48","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40413290"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u0141ukasz Rudnicki","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Centre for Theory of Quantum Technologies (ICTQT), University of Gda\u0144sk, 80-308 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Centre for Theory of Quantum Technologies (ICTQT), University of Gda\u0144sk, 80-308 Gda\u0144sk, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40413290"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090401800"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68106152"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":1.147,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74379971,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"2","first_page":"111","last_page":"111"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11520","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11520","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.9822999835014343,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10402","display_name":"Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics","score":0.9789999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-thermodynamics","display_name":"Quantum thermodynamics","score":0.5920284986495972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-law-of-thermodynamics","display_name":"Second law of thermodynamics","score":0.5429167747497559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.52861088514328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-physics","display_name":"Theoretical physics","score":0.4939633011817932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.47407737374305725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/universality","display_name":"Universality (dynamical systems)","score":0.4701545238494873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laws-of-thermodynamics","display_name":"Laws of thermodynamics","score":0.46768835186958313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-equilibrium-thermodynamics","display_name":"Non-equilibrium thermodynamics","score":0.4321897625923157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.39795351028442383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.27014219760894775}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776897741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12212546","display_name":"Quantum thermodynamics","level":3,"score":0.5920284986495972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119820323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177045","display_name":"Second law of thermodynamics","level":2,"score":0.5429167747497559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.52861088514328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.4939633011817932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.47407737374305725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183992945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2495574","display_name":"Universality (dynamical systems)","level":2,"score":0.4701545238494873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18815010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849392","display_name":"Laws of thermodynamics","level":3,"score":0.46768835186958313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74859849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2466686","display_name":"Non-equilibrium thermodynamics","level":2,"score":0.4321897625923157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.39795351028442383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.27014219760894775}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e26020111","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e26020111","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/26/2/111/pdf?version=1706237866","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2104.10153","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2104.10153","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.10153","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmid:38392366","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38392366","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10888098","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10888098","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10888098/pdf/entropy-26-00111.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:077c7f1754a742f69f87cf926f702cc4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/077c7f1754a742f69f87cf926f702cc4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 26, Iss 2, p 111 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e26020111","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e26020111","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/26/2/111/pdf?version=1706237866","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1008169496","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"465469/2014-0","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326622","funder_display_name":"Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia de Informa\u00e7\u00e3o Qu\u00e2ntica"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G107736279","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"465469/2014-0","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","funder_display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1836464617","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"308065/2022-0","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3507150805","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"465469/2014-0","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4442943420","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"465469/2014-0","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321042","funder_display_name":"Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5405502666","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"no. 2018/MAB/5","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321042","funder_display_name":"Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6182769607","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"308065/2022-0","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321042","funder_display_name":"Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7443826428","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2014-0","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7569305816","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018/MAB/5","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321042","funder_display_name":"Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8351090816","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018/MAB/5","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321042","display_name":"Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej","ror":"https://ror.org/048zd9m77"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","ror":"https://ror.org/00x0ma614"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/03swz6y49"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326622","display_name":"Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia de Informa\u00e7\u00e3o Qu\u00e2ntica","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3154975232.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1542475302","https://openalex.org/W1544094034","https://openalex.org/W1669392766","https://openalex.org/W1772988843","https://openalex.org/W1914887120","https://openalex.org/W1964570781","https://openalex.org/W1970947511","https://openalex.org/W1992672247","https://openalex.org/W1997358340","https://openalex.org/W2001903741","https://openalex.org/W2002506506","https://openalex.org/W2011033654","https://openalex.org/W2014041755","https://openalex.org/W2016300991","https://openalex.org/W2021820673","https://openalex.org/W2029705873","https://openalex.org/W2037511573","https://openalex.org/W2059846772","https://openalex.org/W2070981923","https://openalex.org/W2102277728","https://openalex.org/W2141943099","https://openalex.org/W2149801992","https://openalex.org/W2161321725","https://openalex.org/W2171462472","https://openalex.org/W2224271220","https://openalex.org/W2417738512","https://openalex.org/W2638762687","https://openalex.org/W2739391342","https://openalex.org/W2740273926","https://openalex.org/W2741347422","https://openalex.org/W2773364911","https://openalex.org/W2802587496","https://openalex.org/W2808319042","https://openalex.org/W2964221266","https://openalex.org/W2967537536","https://openalex.org/W2969482278","https://openalex.org/W2990961515","https://openalex.org/W3013652432","https://openalex.org/W3037637275","https://openalex.org/W3085399439","https://openalex.org/W3098165131","https://openalex.org/W3101941208","https://openalex.org/W3103270688","https://openalex.org/W3103453217","https://openalex.org/W3104043255","https://openalex.org/W3105609432","https://openalex.org/W3105899731","https://openalex.org/W3106047837","https://openalex.org/W3161191222","https://openalex.org/W3215113436","https://openalex.org/W6632498665","https://openalex.org/W6636996744","https://openalex.org/W6767076956","https://openalex.org/W6786118348"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1998734960","https://openalex.org/W3043846125","https://openalex.org/W4285077567","https://openalex.org/W1481671301","https://openalex.org/W2135196932","https://openalex.org/W3161684485","https://openalex.org/W3138427182","https://openalex.org/W2889826821","https://openalex.org/W1994874439","https://openalex.org/W2155068770"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"universality":[1],"of":[2,15,28,49,61,70,75,88,102,110,129,144,153,168],"classical":[3,50],"thermodynamics":[4,57],"rests":[5],"on":[6],"the":[7,25,47,100,108,127,166],"central":[8],"limit":[9],"theorem,":[10],"due":[11],"to":[12,20],"which,":[13],"measurements":[14],"thermal":[16],"fluctuations":[17,38],"are":[18,35,81],"unable":[19],"reveal":[21],"detailed":[22],"information":[23,93],"regarding":[24],"microscopic":[26],"structure":[27],"a":[29,67,85,91,96,120,141,150],"macroscopic":[30],"body.":[31],"When":[32],"small":[33],"systems":[34,80],"considered":[36],"and":[37,161],"become":[39],"important,":[40],"thermodynamic":[41,103],"quantities":[42],"can":[43],"be":[44],"understood":[45],"in":[46,99,113],"context":[48],"stochastic":[51],"mechanics.":[52],"A":[53],"fundamental":[54],"assumption":[55],"behind":[56,147],"is":[58],"therefore":[59],"that":[60],"coarse":[62,145],"graining,":[63],"which":[64,139],"stems":[65],"from":[66,107],"substantial":[68],"lack":[69],"control":[71],"over":[72],"all":[73,114],"degrees":[74],"freedom.":[76],"However,":[77],"when":[78],"quantum":[79,130,159,169],"concerned,":[82],"one":[83],"claims":[84],"high":[86],"level":[87],"control.":[89],"As":[90,149],"consequence,":[92],"theory":[94],"plays":[95],"major":[97],"role":[98,167],"identification":[101],"functions.":[104],"Here,":[105],"drawing":[106],"concept":[109],"gauge":[111,137],"symmetry-essential":[112],"modern":[115],"physical":[116],"theories-we":[117],"put":[118],"forward":[119],"new":[121,155],"possible":[122],"intermediate":[123],"route.":[124],"Working":[125],"within":[126],"realm":[128],"thermodynamics,":[131],"we":[132,157],"explicitly":[133],"construct":[134],"physically":[135],"motivated":[136],"transformations":[138],"encode":[140],"gentle":[142],"variant":[143],"graining":[146],"thermodynamics.":[148],"first":[151],"application":[152],"this":[154],"framework,":[156],"reinterpret":[158],"work":[160],"heat,":[162],"as":[163,165],"well":[164],"coherence.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
