{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386325453","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25091280","title":"HE-YOLOv5s: Efficient Road Defect Detection Network","display_name":"HE-YOLOv5s: Efficient Road Defect Detection Network","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386325453","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25091280","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37761579"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e25091280","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25091280","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/9/1280/pdf?version=1693466612","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/9/1280/pdf?version=1693466612","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101599384","display_name":"Yonghao Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189210763","display_name":"Yunnan University","ror":"https://ror.org/0040axw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189210763"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yonghao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189210763"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022151036","display_name":"Minglei Duan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189210763","display_name":"Yunnan University","ror":"https://ror.org/0040axw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189210763"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Minglei Duan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China","Yunnan Province Highway Networking Charge Management Co., Kunming 650000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189210763"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yunnan Province Highway Networking Charge Management Co., Kunming 650000, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114107202","display_name":"Guangen Ding","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangen Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yunnan Province Highway Networking Charge Management Co., Kunming 650000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yunnan Province Highway Networking Charge Management Co., Kunming 650000, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101650186","display_name":"Hongwei Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0226-2106"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189210763","display_name":"Yunnan University","ror":"https://ror.org/0040axw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189210763"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hongwei Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189210763"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058595102","display_name":"Hu Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7010-1435"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research and Development Department, Youbei Technology Co., Kunming 650000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Development Department, Youbei Technology Co., Kunming 650000, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066568753","display_name":"Hongzhi Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0112-2782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongzhi Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Anti-Jamming, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu 610000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Anti-Jamming, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu 610000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022151036","https://openalex.org/A5101650186"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189210763"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":1.8484,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83597849,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"9","first_page":"1280","last_page":"1280"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9718000292778015,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9617999792098999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8092606663703918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pooling","display_name":"Pooling","score":0.7301412224769592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6952590346336365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyramid","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","score":0.6811176538467407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pruning","display_name":"Pruning","score":0.6778510808944702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5779529809951782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5492179989814758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5346803665161133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5202073454856873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.5108304023742676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48308876156806946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3730809688568115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.36722153425216675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08300137519836426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8092606663703918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.7301412224769592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6952590346336365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142575187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358290","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.6811176538467407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108010975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500094","display_name":"Pruning","level":2,"score":0.6778510808944702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5779529809951782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5492179989814758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5346803665161133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5202073454856873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.5108304023742676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48308876156806946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3730809688568115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.36722153425216675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08300137519836426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e25091280","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25091280","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/9/1280/pdf?version=1693466612","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37761579","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37761579","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10527674","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10527674","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10527674/pdf/entropy-25-01280.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e4119b3c7a1d4bf78fdebd3c7b08f6a9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e4119b3c7a1d4bf78fdebd3c7b08f6a9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 25, Iss 9, p 1280 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/25/9/1280/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25091280","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e25091280","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25091280","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/9/1280/pdf?version=1693466612","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386325453.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386325453.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1483870316","https://openalex.org/W1957764428","https://openalex.org/W1993330855","https://openalex.org/W1998766194","https://openalex.org/W2109255472","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2613718673","https://openalex.org/W2622893728","https://openalex.org/W2735386636","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2757455114","https://openalex.org/W2799323087","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2887092226","https://openalex.org/W2906714209","https://openalex.org/W2946794439","https://openalex.org/W2963346150","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963604034","https://openalex.org/W2963857746","https://openalex.org/W2998997213","https://openalex.org/W3034552520","https://openalex.org/W3035414587","https://openalex.org/W3036991312","https://openalex.org/W3049318984","https://openalex.org/W3083291461","https://openalex.org/W3085312663","https://openalex.org/W3087277009","https://openalex.org/W3099452838","https://openalex.org/W3103461182","https://openalex.org/W3127061210","https://openalex.org/W3135934332","https://openalex.org/W3147379398","https://openalex.org/W3162418282","https://openalex.org/W3172509117","https://openalex.org/W3180134609","https://openalex.org/W3210586215","https://openalex.org/W4200017248","https://openalex.org/W4212781487","https://openalex.org/W4214838030","https://openalex.org/W4281263174","https://openalex.org/W4386076325","https://openalex.org/W6618372016","https://openalex.org/W6641093267","https://openalex.org/W6792152673"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2953234277","https://openalex.org/W2626256601","https://openalex.org/W2022849497","https://openalex.org/W2407190427","https://openalex.org/W3081299480","https://openalex.org/W2919210741","https://openalex.org/W2907584218","https://openalex.org/W3002446410","https://openalex.org/W4390224712","https://openalex.org/W4322096758"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"the":[3,17,20,57,62,76,79,103,113,116,120,136,150,171,181,192,198,203],"number":[4],"of":[5,24,46,78,105,115,183,205],"traffic":[6],"accidents":[7],"caused":[8],"by":[9,118,200,211],"road":[10,25,106],"defects":[11,26],"has":[12],"increased":[13],"dramatically":[14],"all":[15],"over":[16],"world,":[18],"and":[19,22,52,61,69,96,122,141,158,202],"repair":[21],"prevention":[23],"is":[27,59,65,84,187,208],"an":[28,98,127,144],"urgent":[29],"task.":[30],"Researchers":[31],"in":[32,54,164],"different":[33],"countries":[34],"have":[35,71],"proposed":[36,185],"many":[37],"models":[38],"to":[39,81,101,134,147],"deal":[40],"with":[41],"this":[42,88,165,206],"task,":[43],"but":[44,75,195],"most":[45],"them":[47],"are":[48],"either":[49],"highly":[50],"accurate":[51],"slow":[53],"detection,":[55],"or":[56],"accuracy":[58,68],"low":[60],"detection":[63],"speed":[64,70],"high.":[66],"The":[67,153,167],"achieved":[72],"good":[73],"results,":[74],"generalization":[77],"model":[80,95,100,117,121,186,194,207],"other":[82,159],"datasets":[83],"poor.":[85],"Given":[86],"this,":[87],"paper":[89],"takes":[90],"YOLOv5s":[91],"as":[92],"a":[93],"benchmark":[94],"proposes":[97],"optimization":[99],"solve":[102],"problem":[104],"defect":[107],"detection.":[108],"First,":[109],"we":[110],"significantly":[111],"reduce":[112],"parameters":[114],"pruning":[119],"removing":[123],"unimportant":[124],"modules,":[125],"propose":[126],"improved":[128],"Spatial":[129],"Pyramid":[130],"Pooling-Fast":[131],"(SPPF)":[132],"module":[133,146],"improve":[135],"feature":[137],"signature":[138],"fusion":[139],"ability,":[140],"finally":[142],"add":[143],"attention":[145],"focus":[148],"on":[149,170],"key":[151],"information.":[152],"activation":[154],"function,":[155],"sampling":[156],"method,":[157],"strategies":[160],"were":[161],"also":[162,196,209],"replaced":[163],"study.":[166],"test":[168],"results":[169],"Global":[172],"Road":[173],"Damage":[174],"Detection":[175],"Challenge":[176],"(GRDDC)":[177],"dataset":[178],"show":[179],"that":[180],"FPS":[182],"our":[184],"not":[188],"only":[189],"faster":[190],"than":[191],"baseline":[193],"improves":[197],"MAP":[199],"2.08%,":[201],"size":[204],"reduced":[210],"6.07":[212],"M.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-02-28T09:26:25.869077","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
