{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386074010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25091245","title":"A Stochastically Optimized Two-Echelon Supply Chain Model: An Entropy Approach for Operational Risk Assessment","display_name":"A Stochastically Optimized Two-Echelon Supply Chain Model: An Entropy Approach for Operational Risk Assessment","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386074010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25091245","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37761544"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e25091245","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25091245","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/9/1245/pdf?version=1692688413","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/9/1245/pdf?version=1692688413","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103068556","display_name":"Konstantinos Petridis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0733-9336"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192756129","display_name":"University of Macedonia","ror":"https://ror.org/05fg6gr82","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192756129"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konstantinos Petridis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business Administration, University of Macedonia, 54006 Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business Administration, University of Macedonia, 54006 Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192756129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046908030","display_name":"Prasanta Kumar Dey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9984-5374"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169199633","display_name":"Aston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05j0ve876","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prasanta Kumar Dey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aston Business School, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aston Business School, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025401363","display_name":"Amit K. Chattopadhyay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5499-6008"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169199633","display_name":"Aston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05j0ve876","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amit K. Chattopadhyay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Mathematics & Data Science, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5499-6008","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mathematics & Data Science, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059057242","display_name":"Paraskevi Boufounou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2239-3744"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200777214","display_name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/04gnjpq42","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paraskevi Boufounou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10559 Athens, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2239-3744","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10559 Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019931490","display_name":"Kanellos Toudas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3345-495X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109954829","display_name":"Agricultural University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/03xawq568","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109954829"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kanellos Toudas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agribusiness and Supply Chain Management, Agricultural University of Athens, 75, 11855 Athens, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3345-495X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agribusiness and Supply Chain Management, Agricultural University of Athens, 75, 11855 Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109954829"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082242699","display_name":"Chrisovalantis Malesios","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0378-3939"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109954829","display_name":"Agricultural University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/03xawq568","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109954829"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chrisovalantis Malesios","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Agricultural University of Athens, 75, 11855 Athens, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0378-3939","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Agricultural University of Athens, 75, 11855 Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109954829"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059057242"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":1.0581,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83943015,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"9","first_page":"1245","last_page":"1245"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10539","display_name":"Sustainable Supply Chain Management","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10539","display_name":"Sustainable Supply Chain Management","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10328","display_name":"Supply Chain and Inventory Management","score":0.9764999747276306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11864","display_name":"Supply Chain Resilience and Risk Management","score":0.9526000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supply-chain","display_name":"Supply chain","score":0.779028594493866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.6107869744300842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6063777804374695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomness","display_name":"Randomness","score":0.5990275144577026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pareto-principle","display_name":"Pareto principle","score":0.5148741006851196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.47922852635383606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/production","display_name":"Production (economics)","score":0.47790560126304626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-objective-optimization","display_name":"Multi-objective optimization","score":0.44183456897735596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-distribution","display_name":"Probability distribution","score":0.41374847292900085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21425744891166687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.15698066353797913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.09608584642410278}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108713360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1824206","display_name":"Supply chain","level":2,"score":0.779028594493866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.6107869744300842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6063777804374695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125112378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176640","display_name":"Randomness","level":2,"score":0.5990275144577026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137635306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182667","display_name":"Pareto principle","level":2,"score":0.5148741006851196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.47922852635383606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.47790560126304626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68781425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2052203","display_name":"Multi-objective optimization","level":2,"score":0.44183456897735596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149441793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200726","display_name":"Probability distribution","level":2,"score":0.41374847292900085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21425744891166687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.15698066353797913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.09608584642410278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e25091245","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25091245","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/9/1245/pdf?version=1692688413","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37761544","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37761544","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.aston.ac.uk:45524","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://publications.aston.ac.uk/view/author/d30f664be366634850b1f168978d1932.html>,","pdf_url":"https://publications.aston.ac.uk/id/eprint/45524/1/entropy_25_01245.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400483","display_name":"Aston Publications Explorer (Aston University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169199633","host_organization_name":"Aston University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10529110","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10529110","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10529110/pdf/entropy-25-01245.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:48cfa69dec604a61ac4a04ff9a6bc05b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/48cfa69dec604a61ac4a04ff9a6bc05b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 25, Iss 9, p 1245 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/25/9/1245/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25091245","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy; Volume 25; Issue 9; Pages: 1245","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e25091245","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25091245","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/9/1245/pdf?version=1692688413","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386074010.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":75,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W62181324","https://openalex.org/W188148118","https://openalex.org/W617811543","https://openalex.org/W1461290333","https://openalex.org/W1535700698","https://openalex.org/W1569990960","https://openalex.org/W1970683392","https://openalex.org/W1973796552","https://openalex.org/W1978212491","https://openalex.org/W1980750087","https://openalex.org/W1983916623","https://openalex.org/W1987309178","https://openalex.org/W1993015140","https://openalex.org/W1994377487","https://openalex.org/W2001481417","https://openalex.org/W2001912652","https://openalex.org/W2006811003","https://openalex.org/W2008930488","https://openalex.org/W2010453165","https://openalex.org/W2011117990","https://openalex.org/W2013936327","https://openalex.org/W2017055774","https://openalex.org/W2027439711","https://openalex.org/W2027606673","https://openalex.org/W2028939941","https://openalex.org/W2032071535","https://openalex.org/W2033984641","https://openalex.org/W2035501224","https://openalex.org/W2043254970","https://openalex.org/W2049102220","https://openalex.org/W2051373584","https://openalex.org/W2054224290","https://openalex.org/W2062488642","https://openalex.org/W2064507625","https://openalex.org/W2069046572","https://openalex.org/W2070052628","https://openalex.org/W2077693497","https://openalex.org/W2079227753","https://openalex.org/W2081089147","https://openalex.org/W2082821381","https://openalex.org/W2089036666","https://openalex.org/W2094034281","https://openalex.org/W2095477183","https://openalex.org/W2097048331","https://openalex.org/W2100140125","https://openalex.org/W2105759737","https://openalex.org/W2107505958","https://openalex.org/W2110205957","https://openalex.org/W2111798497","https://openalex.org/W2114882841","https://openalex.org/W2119984215","https://openalex.org/W2160878357","https://openalex.org/W2175709595","https://openalex.org/W2266528574","https://openalex.org/W2295880949","https://openalex.org/W2317545838","https://openalex.org/W2418145230","https://openalex.org/W2490235630","https://openalex.org/W2525211179","https://openalex.org/W2590449139","https://openalex.org/W2604526922","https://openalex.org/W2727006773","https://openalex.org/W2736694914","https://openalex.org/W2755097324","https://openalex.org/W2914634346","https://openalex.org/W2946000000","https://openalex.org/W3095280593","https://openalex.org/W4247435554","https://openalex.org/W4294326355","https://openalex.org/W4316814930","https://openalex.org/W6642949769","https://openalex.org/W6667844012","https://openalex.org/W6740369729","https://openalex.org/W6848959968","https://openalex.org/W7046519809"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3035605494","https://openalex.org/W2951756867","https://openalex.org/W2090178682","https://openalex.org/W4299420056","https://openalex.org/W4241467429","https://openalex.org/W2001591765","https://openalex.org/W2073147994","https://openalex.org/W2384474142","https://openalex.org/W3083133203","https://openalex.org/W1588199609"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Minimizing":[0],"a":[1,17,87,92,95,169,173,185,193],"company's":[2],"operational":[3],"risk":[4,79],"by":[5,61,143,158],"optimizing":[6],"the":[7,10,39,50,66,74,105,113,116,122,125,134],"performance":[8],"of":[9,52,76,97,217,219],"manufacturing":[11],"and":[12,54,99,109,201,221],"distribution":[13],"supply":[14,28,67,100,179],"chain":[15,68,96,101,180],"is":[16],"complex":[18],"task":[19],"that":[20,133],"involves":[21],"multiple":[22],"elements,":[23],"each":[24],"with":[25],"their":[26],"own":[27],"line":[29],"constraints.":[30],"Traditional":[31],"approaches":[32],"to":[33,115,124],"optimization":[34,182,200],"often":[35],"assume":[36],"determinism":[37],"as":[38,91,118,120,192],"underlying":[40],"principle.":[41],"However,":[42],"this":[43,82,204],"paper,":[44],"adopting":[45],"an":[46],"entropy":[47],"approach,":[48],"emphasizes":[49],"significance":[51],"subjective":[53],"objective":[55],"uncertainty":[56,77],"in":[57,207,215],"achieving":[58],"optimized":[59,151],"decisions":[60],"incorporating":[62],"stochastic":[63,129,187],"fluctuations":[64],"into":[65],"structure.":[69],"Stochasticity,":[70],"representing":[71],"randomness,":[72],"quantifies":[73],"level":[75],"or":[78],"involved.":[80],"In":[81],"study,":[83],"we":[84,131],"focus":[85],"on":[86],"processing":[88],"production":[89,108,152,163],"plant":[90,123,135],"model":[93],"for":[94],"operations":[98],"actions.":[102],"We":[103],"consider":[104],"stochastically":[106],"varying":[107],"transportation":[110],"costs":[111],"from":[112,121,139],"site":[114],"plant,":[117],"well":[119],"customer":[126],"base.":[127],"Through":[128],"optimization,":[130],"demonstrate":[132],"producer":[136],"can":[137,155],"benefit":[138],"improved":[140],"financial":[141],"outcomes":[142],"setting":[144],"higher":[145],"sale":[146],"prices":[147],"while":[148],"simultaneously":[149],"lowering":[150],"costs.":[153],"This":[154],"be":[156,190],"accomplished":[157],"selectively":[159],"choosing":[160],"producers":[161],"whose":[162],"cost":[164,181],"probability":[165],"density":[166],"function":[167],"follows":[168],"Pareto":[170,175],"distribution.":[171],"Notably,":[172],"lower":[174],"exponent":[176],"yields":[177],"better":[178],"predictions.":[183],"Alternatively,":[184],"Gaussian":[186],"fluctuation":[188],"may":[189,205],"proposed":[191],"more":[194],"suitable":[195],"choice":[196],"when":[197],"trading":[198],"off":[199],"simplicity.":[202],"Although":[203],"result":[206],"slightly":[208],"less":[209],"optimal":[210],"performance,":[211],"it":[212],"offers":[213],"advantages":[214],"terms":[216],"ease":[218],"implementation":[220],"computational":[222],"efficiency.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}