{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385347061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25081129","title":"Emergence of Inequality in Income and Wealth Dynamics","display_name":"Emergence of Inequality in Income and Wealth Dynamics","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385347061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25081129","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37628159"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e25081129","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25081129","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/8/1129/pdf?version=1690455022","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/8/1129/pdf?version=1690455022","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047491735","display_name":"Chang\u2010Hee Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0014-5464"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191879574","display_name":"Inha University","ror":"https://ror.org/01easw929","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191879574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changhee Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191879574"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100785224","display_name":"Jihun Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9304-6611"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191879574","display_name":"Inha University","ror":"https://ror.org/01easw929","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191879574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jihun Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191879574"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047381639","display_name":"Biseko Juma Mafwele","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191879574","display_name":"Inha University","ror":"https://ror.org/01easw929","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191879574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Biseko Juma Mafwele","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191879574"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033092324","display_name":"Quang A. Le","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4968-9334"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191879574","display_name":"Inha University","ror":"https://ror.org/01easw929","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191879574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quang Anh Le","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191879574"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100765267","display_name":"Hye Jin Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3552-6275"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191879574","display_name":"Inha University","ror":"https://ror.org/01easw929","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191879574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hye Jin Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191879574"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100415738","display_name":"Jae Wook Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8756-0195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191879574","display_name":"Inha University","ror":"https://ror.org/01easw929","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191879574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jae Woo Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea","Institute of Advanced Computational Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191879574"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Advanced Computational Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191879574"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100415738","https://openalex.org/A5100765267"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191879574"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":1.156,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8828396,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"8","first_page":"1129","last_page":"1129"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11270","display_name":"Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11270","display_name":"Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12137","display_name":"Economic theories and models","score":0.9641000032424927,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11520","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","score":0.9302999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.7032468318939209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wealth-distribution","display_name":"Wealth distribution","score":0.6854769587516785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econophysics","display_name":"Econophysics","score":0.677597165107727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-wealth","display_name":"National wealth","score":0.6567747592926025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wealth-elasticity-of-demand","display_name":"Wealth elasticity of demand","score":0.6414337754249573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distribution","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","score":0.6300542950630188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inequality","display_name":"Inequality","score":0.593741774559021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lorenz-curve","display_name":"Lorenz curve","score":0.5870023965835571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debt","display_name":"Debt","score":0.499708890914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/allowance","display_name":"Allowance (engineering)","score":0.4891276955604553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.48033466935157776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/income-distribution","display_name":"Income distribution","score":0.43207019567489624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/income-inequality-metrics","display_name":"Income inequality metrics","score":0.413411021232605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-inequality","display_name":"Economic inequality","score":0.40311771631240845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.3857255280017853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gini-coefficient","display_name":"Gini coefficient","score":0.3050669729709625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macroeconomics","display_name":"Macroeconomics","score":0.2283448576927185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.15757447481155396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11757674813270569}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.7032468318939209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992390665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1415386","display_name":"Wealth distribution","level":3,"score":0.6854769587516785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29912722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295430","display_name":"Econophysics","level":2,"score":0.677597165107727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67829756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1186690","display_name":"National wealth","level":2,"score":0.6567747592926025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170204755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7978029","display_name":"Wealth elasticity of demand","level":3,"score":0.6414337754249573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6300542950630188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.593741774559021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99617461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q430378","display_name":"Lorenz curve","level":5,"score":0.5870023965835571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120527767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3196867","display_name":"Debt","level":2,"score":0.499708890914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779268580","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3447087","display_name":"Allowance (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4891276955604553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.48033466935157776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519300510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3915542","display_name":"Income distribution","level":3,"score":0.43207019567489624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132000672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6158427","display_name":"Income inequality metrics","level":4,"score":0.413411021232605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513380476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5055020","display_name":"Economic inequality","level":3,"score":0.40311771631240845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3857255280017853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779206190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162455","display_name":"Gini coefficient","level":4,"score":0.3050669729709625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.2283448576927185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.15757447481155396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11757674813270569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e25081129","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25081129","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/8/1129/pdf?version=1690455022","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37628159","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37628159","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10453242","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10453242","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10453242/pdf/entropy-25-01129.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:42e333644b284f3fabd87bc0f930331e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/42e333644b284f3fabd87bc0f930331e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 25, Iss 8, p 1129 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/25/8/1129/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25081129","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy; Volume 25; Issue 8; Pages: 1129","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e25081129","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25081129","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/8/1129/pdf?version=1690455022","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4668713023","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020R1A2C1005334","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6627498092","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2020R1A2C1005334","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8509198896","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2020R1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321408","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G982292920","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-20","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321408","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/01p262204"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385347061.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":106,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1488123425","https://openalex.org/W1498017815","https://openalex.org/W1502555501","https://openalex.org/W1504998610","https://openalex.org/W1511131007","https://openalex.org/W1533711918","https://openalex.org/W1556267561","https://openalex.org/W1585227707","https://openalex.org/W1596983076","https://openalex.org/W1613082393","https://openalex.org/W1784105272","https://openalex.org/W1965151386","https://openalex.org/W1968639819","https://openalex.org/W1975503357","https://openalex.org/W1978341896","https://openalex.org/W1980713885","https://openalex.org/W1981464881","https://openalex.org/W1986091197","https://openalex.org/W1987306626","https://openalex.org/W1990372026","https://openalex.org/W1990978465","https://openalex.org/W1992443236","https://openalex.org/W1995800531","https://openalex.org/W2006669397","https://openalex.org/W2010190009","https://openalex.org/W2015205635","https://openalex.org/W2016561445","https://openalex.org/W2027584601","https://openalex.org/W2031849821","https://openalex.org/W2035169993","https://openalex.org/W2036225174","https://openalex.org/W2044506965","https://openalex.org/W2046148125","https://openalex.org/W2050699411","https://openalex.org/W2057116804","https://openalex.org/W2057997747","https://openalex.org/W2064919545","https://openalex.org/W2065860047","https://openalex.org/W2071593773","https://openalex.org/W2080953961","https://openalex.org/W2084284700","https://openalex.org/W2087245999","https://openalex.org/W2087699639","https://openalex.org/W2089282950","https://openalex.org/W2092115133","https://openalex.org/W2094953288","https://openalex.org/W2098353707","https://openalex.org/W2100718841","https://openalex.org/W2102454810","https://openalex.org/W2102567944","https://openalex.org/W2103610331","https://openalex.org/W2111884394","https://openalex.org/W2116625414","https://openalex.org/W2118725644","https://openalex.org/W2121282653","https://openalex.org/W2124851498","https://openalex.org/W2132858596","https://openalex.org/W2139040611","https://openalex.org/W2139306084","https://openalex.org/W2143240768","https://openalex.org/W2154990558","https://openalex.org/W2162122272","https://openalex.org/W2171903289","https://openalex.org/W2315047081","https://openalex.org/W2346089246","https://openalex.org/W2498852811","https://openalex.org/W2611011638","https://openalex.org/W2731623101","https://openalex.org/W2749947199","https://openalex.org/W2752384816","https://openalex.org/W2767890649","https://openalex.org/W2768739247","https://openalex.org/W2807563701","https://openalex.org/W2903091364","https://openalex.org/W2950627632","https://openalex.org/W2963033437","https://openalex.org/W2973319612","https://openalex.org/W3008964621","https://openalex.org/W3029896514","https://openalex.org/W3040111207","https://openalex.org/W3048969838","https://openalex.org/W3089522254","https://openalex.org/W3093401105","https://openalex.org/W3099687548","https://openalex.org/W3100339217","https://openalex.org/W3106042011","https://openalex.org/W3106344447","https://openalex.org/W3106963741","https://openalex.org/W3122410976","https://openalex.org/W3122779103","https://openalex.org/W3124011779","https://openalex.org/W3126693635","https://openalex.org/W3128058305","https://openalex.org/W3178395669","https://openalex.org/W3194600071","https://openalex.org/W3208653497","https://openalex.org/W4223449772","https://openalex.org/W4229546949","https://openalex.org/W4239241591","https://openalex.org/W4245897773","https://openalex.org/W4297106268","https://openalex.org/W6633264542","https://openalex.org/W6635723591","https://openalex.org/W6678596409","https://openalex.org/W6785279765","https://openalex.org/W6792877602"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3147542680","https://openalex.org/W3164003686","https://openalex.org/W2099545619","https://openalex.org/W3094076333","https://openalex.org/W3148833961","https://openalex.org/W2053699978","https://openalex.org/W2086310278","https://openalex.org/W3126097280","https://openalex.org/W4235513182","https://openalex.org/W4385347061"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Increasing":[0],"wealth":[1,15,38,48,63,67,72,82,134,138,152],"inequality":[2,64],"is":[3,25,88,139],"a":[4,26,51,91,106,144],"significant":[5],"global":[6],"issue":[7],"that":[8,60],"demands":[9],"attention.":[10],"While":[11],"the":[12,31,71,78,115,119,133,149],"distribution":[13,32,68,135],"of":[14,80,109,121,151],"varies":[16],"across":[17],"countries":[18],"based":[19],"on":[20,132],"their":[21],"economic":[22,86],"stages,":[23],"there":[24],"universal":[27],"trend":[28],"observed":[29],"in":[30,147],"function.":[33],"Typically,":[34],"regions":[35,45],"with":[36,46],"lower":[37],"values":[39,49],"exhibit":[40],"an":[41],"exponential":[42],"distribution,":[43],"while":[44],"higher":[47],"demonstrate":[50],"power-law":[52],"distribution.":[53,153],"In":[54],"this":[55,101],"review,":[56],"we":[57,112,117],"introduce":[58],"measures":[59],"effectively":[61],"capture":[62],"and":[65,97,130],"examine":[66],"functions":[69],"within":[70],"exchange":[73,83,98,105],"model.":[74],"Drawing":[75],"inspiration":[76],"from":[77,85],"field":[79],"econophysics,":[81],"resulting":[84],"activities":[87],"likened":[89],"to":[90],"kinetic":[92],"model,":[93],"where":[94],"molecules":[95],"collide":[96],"energy.":[99],"Within":[100],"framework,":[102],"two":[103],"agents":[104],"specific":[107],"amount":[108],"wealth.":[110],"As":[111],"delve":[113],"into":[114],"analysis,":[116],"investigate":[118],"impact":[120],"various":[122],"factors":[123,142],"such":[124],"as":[125],"tax":[126],"collection,":[127],"debt":[128],"allowance,":[129],"savings":[131],"function":[136],"when":[137],"exchanged.":[140],"These":[141],"play":[143],"crucial":[145],"role":[146],"shaping":[148],"dynamics":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-14T08:43:22.919905","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
