{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4383954864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25071035","title":"Detection of Pilot\u2019s Mental Workload Using a Wireless EEG Headset in Airfield Traffic Pattern Tasks","display_name":"Detection of Pilot\u2019s Mental Workload Using a Wireless EEG Headset in Airfield Traffic Pattern Tasks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4383954864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25071035","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37509982"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e25071035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25071035","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/7/1035/pdf?version=1688975984","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/7/1035/pdf?version=1688975984","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100714205","display_name":"Chenglin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3568-6439"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenglin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation & Logistics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3568-6439","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation & Logistics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100337325","display_name":"Chenyang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3409-5493"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenyang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation & Logistics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation & Logistics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103052710","display_name":"Luohao Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luohao Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5506-0707","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020657173","display_name":"Kun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8170-0310"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation & Logistics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation & Logistics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102016545","display_name":"Haiyue Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0653-7349"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haiyue Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation & Logistics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation & Logistics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104142087","display_name":"Wenbing Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenbing Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation & Logistics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation & Logistics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102792803","display_name":"Chaozhe Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6340-8914"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chaozhe Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation & Logistics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation & Logistics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102792803"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":8.8863,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98293089,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"7","first_page":"1035","last_page":"1035"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13248","display_name":"Healthcare Technology and Patient Monitoring","score":0.9620000123977661,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/headset","display_name":"Headset","score":0.9235613346099854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.7678562998771667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5985647439956665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.559123158454895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5547215938568115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3830876350402832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3669734001159668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.288604736328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14175722002983093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatry","display_name":"Psychiatry","score":0.1074492335319519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.07120633125305176}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780657452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193170","display_name":"Headset","level":2,"score":0.9235613346099854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.7678562998771667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5985647439956665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.559123158454895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5547215938568115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3830876350402832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3669734001159668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.288604736328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14175722002983093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.1074492335319519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.07120633125305176}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e25071035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25071035","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/7/1035/pdf?version=1688975984","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37509982","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37509982","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10378707","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10378707","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10378707/pdf/entropy-25-01035.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b7ef30af59054e11bd75122474ce80f0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b7ef30af59054e11bd75122474ce80f0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 25, Iss 7, p 1035 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/25/7/1035/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25071035","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy; Volume 25; Issue 7; Pages: 1035","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e25071035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25071035","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/7/1035/pdf?version=1688975984","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1798761239","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FZ2022ZX04","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324522","funder_display_name":"Civil Aviation Administration of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8406921334","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FZ2022ZX54","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324522","funder_display_name":"Civil Aviation Administration of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322720","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324522","display_name":"Civil Aviation Administration of China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gfwht30"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4383954864.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4383954864.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1862394037","https://openalex.org/W1964867524","https://openalex.org/W1986488785","https://openalex.org/W2008946411","https://openalex.org/W2023133322","https://openalex.org/W2031461126","https://openalex.org/W2093796445","https://openalex.org/W2134050473","https://openalex.org/W2146976664","https://openalex.org/W2156192068","https://openalex.org/W2157289187","https://openalex.org/W2400448630","https://openalex.org/W2569897526","https://openalex.org/W2601369343","https://openalex.org/W2603490707","https://openalex.org/W2607268008","https://openalex.org/W2618658171","https://openalex.org/W2758389790","https://openalex.org/W2801760273","https://openalex.org/W2891093760","https://openalex.org/W2900362095","https://openalex.org/W2912874308","https://openalex.org/W2921286780","https://openalex.org/W2943495380","https://openalex.org/W2943925420","https://openalex.org/W2944954104","https://openalex.org/W2971048561","https://openalex.org/W2980154133","https://openalex.org/W2998583340","https://openalex.org/W3000241400","https://openalex.org/W3000566229","https://openalex.org/W3011402631","https://openalex.org/W3012238861","https://openalex.org/W3013926883","https://openalex.org/W3015212512","https://openalex.org/W3021437545","https://openalex.org/W3024488967","https://openalex.org/W3090919894","https://openalex.org/W3092774335","https://openalex.org/W3098224608","https://openalex.org/W3119379445","https://openalex.org/W3119728133","https://openalex.org/W3139231361","https://openalex.org/W3189067227","https://openalex.org/W4221020366","https://openalex.org/W4245722414","https://openalex.org/W4283740001","https://openalex.org/W4283741024","https://openalex.org/W4285891275","https://openalex.org/W4290699462","https://openalex.org/W4307090171","https://openalex.org/W4312175172","https://openalex.org/W4312193421","https://openalex.org/W4313340670","https://openalex.org/W4320482856","https://openalex.org/W4323823220"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2549567669","https://openalex.org/W2323345712","https://openalex.org/W104838418","https://openalex.org/W1532889363","https://openalex.org/W4292416459","https://openalex.org/W2394331374","https://openalex.org/W2216376285","https://openalex.org/W2611324559","https://openalex.org/W2350587048","https://openalex.org/W2047741942"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Elevated":[0],"mental":[1],"workload":[2],"(MWL)":[3],"experienced":[4],"by":[5,89],"pilots":[6],"can":[7,189],"result":[8],"in":[9,31,56,194],"increased":[10],"reaction":[11],"times":[12],"or":[13],"incorrect":[14],"actions,":[15],"potentially":[16],"compromising":[17],"flight":[18,51,208],"safety.":[19],"This":[20],"study":[21,117],"aims":[22],"to":[23,28,136,203],"develop":[24],"a":[25,49,76,160],"functional":[26],"system":[27,178,201],"assist":[29],"administrators":[30],"identifying":[32],"and":[33,38,61,98,129,151,181],"detecting":[34],"pilots'":[35],"real-time":[36],"MWL":[37,55,134,169],"evaluate":[39],"its":[40],"effectiveness":[41],"using":[42,63,75,159],"designed":[43],"airfield":[44],"traffic":[45],"pattern":[46],"tasks":[47],"within":[48],"realistic":[50],"simulator.":[52],"The":[53,104,171],"perceived":[54],"various":[57],"situations":[58],"was":[59,87,111,146,157],"assessed":[60],"labeled":[62],"NASA":[64],"Task":[65],"Load":[66],"Index":[67],"(NASA-TLX)":[68],"scores.":[69],"Physiological":[70],"features":[71,124],"were":[72],"then":[73],"extracted":[74],"fast":[77],"Fourier":[78],"transformation":[79],"with":[80],"2-s":[81],"sliding":[82],"time":[83],"windows.":[84],"Feature":[85],"selection":[86],"conducted":[88],"comparing":[90],"the":[91,94,108,116,119,139,152,175,199],"results":[92,105],"of":[93,121,155],"Kruskal-Wallis":[95],"(K-W)":[96],"test":[97],"Sequential":[99],"Forward":[100],"Floating":[101],"Selection":[102],"(SFFS).":[103],"proved":[106],"that":[107,174],"optimal":[109,153],"input":[110],"all":[112],"PSD":[113,130],"features.":[114],"Moreover,":[115],"analyzed":[118],"effects":[120],"electroencephalography":[122],"(EEG)":[123],"from":[125],"distinct":[126],"brain":[127],"regions":[128],"changes":[131],"across":[132],"different":[133,168],"levels":[135],"further":[137],"assess":[138],"proposed":[140],"system's":[141],"performance.":[142],"A":[143],"10-fold":[144],"cross-validation":[145],"performed":[147],"on":[148,206],"six":[149],"classifiers,":[150],"accuracy":[154],"87.57%":[156],"attained":[158],"multi-class":[161],"K-Nearest":[162],"Neighbor":[163],"(KNN)":[164],"classifier":[165],"for":[166,192],"classifying":[167],"levels.":[170],"findings":[172],"indicate":[173],"wireless":[176,185],"headset-based":[177],"is":[179],"reliable":[180],"feasible.":[182],"Consequently,":[183],"numerous":[184],"EEG":[186],"device-based":[187],"systems":[188],"be":[190],"developed":[191],"application":[193],"diverse":[195],"real-driving":[196],"scenarios.":[197],"Additionally,":[198],"current":[200],"contributes":[202],"future":[204],"research":[205],"actual":[207],"conditions.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}