{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4380991608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25060948","title":"A Novel Evidence Combination Method Based on Improved Pignistic Probability","display_name":"A Novel Evidence Combination Method Based on Improved Pignistic Probability","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4380991608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25060948","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37372292"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e25060948","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25060948","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/6/948/pdf?version=1686907910","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/6/948/pdf?version=1686907910","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112111855","display_name":"Xin Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9889-8159"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xin Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065967463","display_name":"Fei Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4932-1329"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109600227","display_name":"Pengjie Qin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengjie Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101582057","display_name":"Yu Liang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021582930","display_name":"Gaojie He","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaojie He","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112111855"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.6611,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74483489,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"6","first_page":"948","last_page":"948"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9743000268936157,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.9684000015258789,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.5883965492248535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-fusion","display_name":"Information fusion","score":0.5354101657867432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proposition","display_name":"Proposition","score":0.5020852088928223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mutual-information","display_name":"Mutual information","score":0.49548208713531494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-mass-function","display_name":"Probability mass function","score":0.4884404242038727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.482353150844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kullback\u2013leibler-divergence","display_name":"Kullback\u2013Leibler divergence","score":0.4801623225212097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4678429365158081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dempster\u2013shafer-theory","display_name":"Dempster\u2013Shafer theory","score":0.44829511642456055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.43720743060112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-entropy","display_name":"Cross entropy","score":0.42689943313598633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.4225393235683441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-distribution","display_name":"Probability distribution","score":0.4140135943889618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.38633808493614197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36640286445617676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.36308854818344116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.2919096350669861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2760356068611145}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5883965492248535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982962833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17092450","display_name":"Information fusion","level":2,"score":0.5354101657867432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777152325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108163","display_name":"Proposition","level":2,"score":0.5020852088928223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152139883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252973","display_name":"Mutual information","level":2,"score":0.49548208713531494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197096303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q869887","display_name":"Probability mass function","level":3,"score":0.4884404242038727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.482353150844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171752962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q255166","display_name":"Kullback\u2013Leibler divergence","level":2,"score":0.4801623225212097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4678429365158081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178011137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285997","display_name":"Dempster\u2013Shafer theory","level":2,"score":0.44829511642456055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.43720743060112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167981619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1685498","display_name":"Cross entropy","level":3,"score":0.42689943313598633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.4225393235683441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149441793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200726","display_name":"Probability distribution","level":2,"score":0.4140135943889618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.38633808493614197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36640286445617676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.36308854818344116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2919096350669861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2760356068611145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e25060948","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25060948","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/6/948/pdf?version=1686907910","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37372292","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37372292","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10297164","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10297164","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10297164/pdf/entropy-25-00948.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:16026daaf8544f3590be019be6c30285","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/16026daaf8544f3590be019be6c30285","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 25, Iss 6, p 948 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/25/6/948/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25060948","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy; Volume 25; Issue 6; Pages: 948","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e25060948","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25060948","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/6/948/pdf?version=1686907910","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4380991608.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1826740954","https://openalex.org/W1981643872","https://openalex.org/W1993853885","https://openalex.org/W2001363449","https://openalex.org/W2002808981","https://openalex.org/W2015532243","https://openalex.org/W2024138420","https://openalex.org/W2028372669","https://openalex.org/W2049337423","https://openalex.org/W2052091458","https://openalex.org/W2066843515","https://openalex.org/W2072348410","https://openalex.org/W2096088275","https://openalex.org/W2114463407","https://openalex.org/W2117161742","https://openalex.org/W2142242392","https://openalex.org/W2184385594","https://openalex.org/W2288996438","https://openalex.org/W2289499874","https://openalex.org/W2304162088","https://openalex.org/W2362708743","https://openalex.org/W2369572352","https://openalex.org/W2406470551","https://openalex.org/W2608395926","https://openalex.org/W2786436484","https://openalex.org/W2889405224","https://openalex.org/W2998687243","https://openalex.org/W3093543793","https://openalex.org/W3138540889","https://openalex.org/W4301347335","https://openalex.org/W6674447700","https://openalex.org/W6696299584","https://openalex.org/W6981320639"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2613356278","https://openalex.org/W2246584798","https://openalex.org/W3095005168","https://openalex.org/W3048534601","https://openalex.org/W2048368876","https://openalex.org/W2608395926","https://openalex.org/W2912573546","https://openalex.org/W2952419548","https://openalex.org/W2950847944","https://openalex.org/W4380991608"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Evidence":[0],"theory":[1],"is":[2,98,116,130,144],"widely":[3],"used":[4,117,131,145],"to":[5,63,100,118,132,146,167],"deal":[6],"with":[7],"the":[8,14,25,50,57,64,78,85,91,120,123,126,136,140,148,153,168,172,181,195],"fusion":[9,15,30],"of":[10,16,27,59,66,90,112,122,156],"uncertain":[11],"information,":[12],"but":[13],"conflicting":[17,28,163],"evidence":[18,29,39,95,102,124,164],"remains":[19],"an":[20,44],"open":[21],"question.":[22],"To":[23],"solve":[24],"problem":[26],"in":[31,70,84],"single":[32,67],"target":[33],"recognition,":[34],"we":[35],"proposed":[36,99],"a":[37,71],"novel":[38],"combination":[40,89,142,178,187],"method":[41,129],"based":[42],"on":[43],"improved":[45,51,199],"pignistic":[46,52],"probability":[47,53,58,73],"function.":[48],"Firstly,":[49],"function":[54],"could":[55],"redistribute":[56],"multi-subset":[60,160],"proposition":[61,158,161],"according":[62],"weight":[65],"subset":[68],"propositions":[69],"basic":[72],"assignment":[74],"(BPA),":[75],"which":[76],"reduces":[77],"computational":[79],"complexity":[80],"and":[81,94,104,125,134,159,175,180,184,194,202],"information":[82,108],"loss":[83],"conversion":[86],"process.":[87],"The":[88],"Manhattan":[92],"distance":[93,170,174,183],"angle":[96],"measurements":[97],"extract":[101],"certainty":[103],"obtain":[105],"mutual":[106],"support":[107],"between":[109],"each":[110],"piece":[111],"evidence;":[113],"then,":[114],"entropy":[115,177],"calculate":[119],"uncertainty":[121,185],"weighted":[127],"average":[128,196],"correct":[133],"update":[135],"original":[137],"evidence.":[138,150],"Finally,":[139],"Dempster":[141],"rule":[143],"fuse":[147],"updated":[149],"Verified":[151],"by":[152,200],"analysis":[154],"results":[155],"single-subset":[157],"highly":[162],"examples,":[165],"compared":[166],"Jousselme":[169,182],"method,":[171,179,188],"Lance":[173],"reliability":[176],"measure":[186],"our":[189],"approach":[190],"achieved":[191],"better":[192],"convergence":[193],"accuracy":[197],"was":[198],"0.51%":[201],"2.43%.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-17T09:13:05.818461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
