{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4377104393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25050811","title":"A Secure Scheme Based on a Hybrid of Classical-Quantum Communications Protocols for Managing Classical Blockchains","display_name":"A Secure Scheme Based on a Hybrid of Classical-Quantum Communications Protocols for Managing Classical Blockchains","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4377104393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25050811","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37238566"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e25050811","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25050811","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/5/811/pdf?version=1684390406","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/5/811/pdf?version=1684390406","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100690922","display_name":"Ang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9353-0948"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202334528","display_name":"Beijing Electronic Science and Technology Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01xdzh226","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202334528"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Electronic Science and Technology Institute, Beijing 100070, China","Information Security Center, State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Electronic Science and Technology Institute, Beijing 100070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202334528"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Security Center, State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005902299","display_name":"Xiu\u2010Bo Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9761-3414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiu-Bo Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Security Center, State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9761-3414","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Security Center, State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110638775","display_name":"Shengwei Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4532-5385"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202334528","display_name":"Beijing Electronic Science and Technology Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01xdzh226","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202334528"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengwei Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Electronic Science and Technology Institute, Beijing 100070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Electronic Science and Technology Institute, Beijing 100070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202334528"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100446596","display_name":"Zhuo Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8078-9077"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100736672","display_name":"Zhengyang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6764-933X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202334528","display_name":"Beijing Electronic Science and Technology Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01xdzh226","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202334528"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengyang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Electronic Science and Technology Institute, Beijing 100070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Electronic Science and Technology Institute, Beijing 100070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202334528"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101843456","display_name":"Liwei Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0382-7085"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202334528","display_name":"Beijing Electronic Science and Technology Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01xdzh226","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202334528"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liwei Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Electronic Science and Technology Institute, Beijing 100070, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0382-7085","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Electronic Science and Technology Institute, Beijing 100070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202334528"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000136407","display_name":"Yanshuo Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5349-6447"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202334528","display_name":"Beijing Electronic Science and Technology Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01xdzh226","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202334528"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanshuo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Electronic Science and Technology Institute, Beijing 100070, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5349-6447","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Electronic Science and Technology Institute, Beijing 100070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202334528"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027016896","display_name":"Ying Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1914-8780"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202334528","display_name":"Beijing Electronic Science and Technology Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01xdzh226","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202334528"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Electronic Science and Technology Institute, Beijing 100070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Electronic Science and Technology Institute, Beijing 100070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202334528"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005902299"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":2.8165,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92257352,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"5","first_page":"811","last_page":"811"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.738638162612915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer","display_name":"Quantum computer","score":0.6427053809165955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.5649881958961487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5235216617584229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-cryptography","display_name":"Quantum cryptography","score":0.49776938557624817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.4235721230506897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.41480278968811035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3975895643234253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.36555445194244385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-information","display_name":"Quantum information","score":0.3086554706096649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08826622366905212}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.738638162612915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.6427053809165955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.5649881958961487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5235216617584229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144901912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471906","display_name":"Quantum cryptography","level":4,"score":0.49776938557624817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.4235721230506897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.41480278968811035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3975895643234253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.36555445194244385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169699857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122243","display_name":"Quantum information","level":3,"score":0.3086554706096649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08826622366905212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e25050811","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25050811","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/5/811/pdf?version=1684390406","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37238566","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37238566","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10217639","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10217639","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10217639/pdf/entropy-25-00811.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bd416d84dfd14764a36a01e799db4379","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bd416d84dfd14764a36a01e799db4379","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 25, Iss 5, p 811 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/25/5/811/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25050811","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy; Volume 25; Issue 5; Pages: 811","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e25050811","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25050811","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/5/811/pdf?version=1684390406","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6899999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8502629867","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFB3104402","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321540","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321540","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/027s68j25"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4377104393.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966451393","https://openalex.org/W2020272675","https://openalex.org/W2049471987","https://openalex.org/W2051051926","https://openalex.org/W2056012034","https://openalex.org/W2084652510","https://openalex.org/W2168676717","https://openalex.org/W2564963459","https://openalex.org/W2620090200","https://openalex.org/W2797361743","https://openalex.org/W2803691034","https://openalex.org/W2883320370","https://openalex.org/W2930987694","https://openalex.org/W2948602808","https://openalex.org/W2950128488","https://openalex.org/W2962876058","https://openalex.org/W2988683112","https://openalex.org/W3006504917","https://openalex.org/W3008629526","https://openalex.org/W3011211302","https://openalex.org/W3017250220","https://openalex.org/W3098648333","https://openalex.org/W3101717749","https://openalex.org/W3105573581","https://openalex.org/W3106112951","https://openalex.org/W3118428022","https://openalex.org/W3118566816","https://openalex.org/W3134447585","https://openalex.org/W3167998263","https://openalex.org/W3196776460","https://openalex.org/W3200588298","https://openalex.org/W3216310363","https://openalex.org/W3217015102","https://openalex.org/W4211068006","https://openalex.org/W4214950786","https://openalex.org/W4221041140","https://openalex.org/W4224569192","https://openalex.org/W4280599653","https://openalex.org/W4281253650","https://openalex.org/W4292209414","https://openalex.org/W4293811970","https://openalex.org/W4297004241","https://openalex.org/W6664362974"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210313059","https://openalex.org/W2526825238","https://openalex.org/W4287346998","https://openalex.org/W2053418009","https://openalex.org/W4206802983","https://openalex.org/W3176880408","https://openalex.org/W1683045442","https://openalex.org/W3101600503","https://openalex.org/W1996492723","https://openalex.org/W1559335742"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Blockchain":[0],"technology":[1,35],"affords":[2],"data":[3],"integrity":[4],"protection":[5,223],"and":[6,88,96,119,132,139,154,161,198],"building":[7],"trust":[8],"mechanisms":[9],"in":[10,32,54,90,210,253],"transactions":[11],"for":[12,128,136,157,170,238],"distributed":[13,184],"networks,":[14],"and,":[15],"therefore,":[16],"is":[17,126,134,143,168,195],"seen":[18],"as":[19],"a":[20,58,61,105,112,147,162,235,246],"promising":[21],"revolutionary":[22],"information":[23],"technology.":[24],"At":[25],"the":[26,29,48,55,84,158,177,208,211,254],"same":[27],"time,":[28],"ongoing":[30],"breakthrough":[31],"quantum":[33,39,62,71,76,91,122,148,163,212,225,242,247,255],"computation":[34],"contributes":[36],"toward":[37,250],"large-scale":[38],"computers,":[40],"which":[41],"might":[42],"attack":[43],"classic":[44,49,229],"cryptography,":[45],"seriously":[46],"threatening":[47],"cryptography":[50],"security":[51,215],"currently":[52],"employed":[53],"blockchain.":[56],"As":[57],"better":[59,206,222],"alternative,":[60],"blockchain":[63,92,107,159,178,239,252],"has":[64],"high":[65],"expectations":[66],"of":[67,86,116,186],"being":[68],"immune":[69],"to":[70,98,151,175,190,205],"computing":[72,226,243],"attacks":[73,182,227,244],"perpetrated":[74],"by":[75,110,145],"adversaries.":[77],"Although":[78],"several":[79],"works":[80],"have":[81],"been":[82],"presented,":[83],"problems":[85],"impracticality":[87],"inefficiency":[89],"systems":[93,240],"remain":[94],"prominent":[95],"need":[97],"be":[99],"addressed.":[100],"First,":[101],"this":[102],"paper":[103],"develops":[104],"quantum-secure":[106],"(QSB)":[108],"scheme":[109,194,220,233],"introducing":[111],"consensus":[113],"mechanism-quantum":[114],"proof":[115],"authority":[117],"(QPoA)":[118],"an":[120],"identity-based":[121],"signature":[123],"(IQS)-wherein":[124],"QPoA":[125,142],"used":[127,135],"new":[129],"block":[130],"generation":[131],"IQS":[133],"transaction":[137],"signing":[138],"verification.":[140],"Second,":[141],"developed":[144],"adopting":[146],"voting":[149],"protocol":[150],"achieve":[152],"secure":[153],"efficient":[155,199],"decentralization":[156],"system,":[160],"random":[164],"number":[165],"generator":[166],"(QRNG)":[167],"deployed":[169],"randomized":[171],"leader":[172],"node":[173],"election":[174],"protect":[176],"system":[179],"from":[180],"centralized":[181],"like":[183],"denial":[185],"service":[187],"(DDoS).":[188],"Compared":[189],"previous":[191],"work,":[192],"our":[193,219,232],"more":[196],"practical":[197],"without":[200],"sacrificing":[201],"security,":[202],"greatly":[203],"contributing":[204,249],"addressing":[207],"challenges":[209],"era.":[213,256],"Extensive":[214],"analysis":[216],"demonstrates":[217],"that":[218],"provides":[221],"against":[224,241],"than":[228],"blockchains.":[230],"Overall,":[231],"presents":[234],"feasible":[236],"solution":[237],"through":[245],"strategy,":[248],"quantum-secured":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}