{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4323318774","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25030452","title":"Charged Particles Transverse Momentum and Pseudorapidity Distribution in Hadronic Collisions at LHC Energies","display_name":"Charged Particles Transverse Momentum and Pseudorapidity Distribution in Hadronic Collisions at LHC Energies","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4323318774","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25030452","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36981340"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e25030452","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25030452","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/3/452/pdf?version=1678098050","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/3/452/pdf?version=1678098050","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024478600","display_name":"M. Ajaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1258-6910"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181063083","display_name":"Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan","ror":"https://ror.org/03b9y4e65","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181063083"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Ajaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1258-6910","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181063083"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033161537","display_name":"A. Haj Ismail","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4941-5154"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182000528","display_name":"Ajman University","ror":"https://ror.org/01j1rma10","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182000528"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abd Al Karim Haj Ismail","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Humanities and Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates","Nonlinear Dynamics Research Center (NDRC), Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4941-5154","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Humanities and Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182000528"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nonlinear Dynamics Research Center (NDRC), Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182000528"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023944981","display_name":"Mateen Ullah Mian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206573129","display_name":"Islamia College University","ror":"https://ror.org/02p2c1595","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206573129"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mateen Ullah Mian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Islamia College Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Islamia College Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206573129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006404974","display_name":"Rashid Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5480-128X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181063083","display_name":"Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan","ror":"https://ror.org/03b9y4e65","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181063083"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rashid Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5480-128X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181063083"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070951555","display_name":"R. Shehzadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8522-9431"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172780181","display_name":"University of the Punjab","ror":"https://ror.org/011maz450","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramoona Shehzadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8522-9431","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172780181"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057057760","display_name":"Muhammad Adil Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5373-4663"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206573129","display_name":"Islamia College University","ror":"https://ror.org/02p2c1595","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206573129"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Adil Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Islamia College Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Islamia College Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206573129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063490735","display_name":"Atef Abdelkader","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9231-970X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182000528","display_name":"Ajman University","ror":"https://ror.org/01j1rma10","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182000528"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Atef AbdelKader","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Humanities and Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates","Nonlinear Dynamics Research Center (NDRC), Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9231-970X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Humanities and Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182000528"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nonlinear Dynamics Research Center (NDRC), Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182000528"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017235688","display_name":"Muhammad Waqas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2799-0262"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126203","display_name":"Hubei University of Automotive Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/039m95m06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Waqas","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics, Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, Shiyan 442002, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2799-0262","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics, Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, Shiyan 442002, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073645764","display_name":"Elmuez A. Dawi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1901-9807"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182000528","display_name":"Ajman University","ror":"https://ror.org/01j1rma10","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182000528"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elmuez A. Dawi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Humanities and Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates","Nonlinear Dynamics Research Center (NDRC), Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1901-9807","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Humanities and Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182000528"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nonlinear Dynamics Research Center (NDRC), Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182000528"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071454610","display_name":"U. Tabassam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1129-5783"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Uzma Tabassam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1129-5783","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033161537","https://openalex.org/A5063490735"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182000528"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":1.5401,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91634327,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"3","first_page":"452","last_page":"452"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10048","display_name":"Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10048","display_name":"Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10527","display_name":"High-Energy Particle Collisions Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10224","display_name":"Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pseudorapidity","display_name":"Pseudorapidity","score":0.9388056993484497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.9250587224960327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-hadron-collider","display_name":"Large Hadron Collider","score":0.7533330321311951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-physics","display_name":"Nuclear physics","score":0.6576839685440063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.6351267099380493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-physics","display_name":"Particle physics","score":0.6195279359817505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parton","display_name":"Parton","score":0.54656583070755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hadron","display_name":"Hadron","score":0.5197710394859314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charged-particle","display_name":"Charged particle","score":0.5040087103843689}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781178975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2064924","display_name":"Pseudorapidity","level":4,"score":0.9388056993484497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.9250587224960327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87668248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40605","display_name":"Large Hadron Collider","level":2,"score":0.7533330321311951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.6576839685440063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.6351267099380493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109214941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18334","display_name":"Particle physics","level":1,"score":0.6195279359817505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180566339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117483","display_name":"Parton","level":3,"score":0.54656583070755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19694890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101667","display_name":"Hadron","level":2,"score":0.5197710394859314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35048267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q587553","display_name":"Charged particle","level":3,"score":0.5040087103843689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145148216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36496","display_name":"Ion","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e25030452","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25030452","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/3/452/pdf?version=1678098050","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36981340","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36981340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10099715","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10099715","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10099715/pdf/entropy-25-00452.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4d43038e047c4805bba3c274d1a0151b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4d43038e047c4805bba3c274d1a0151b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 25, Iss 3, p 452 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/25/3/452/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25030452","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e25030452","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25030452","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/3/452/pdf?version=1678098050","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8299999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330328","display_name":"Ajman University","ror":"https://ror.org/01j1rma10"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4323318774.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1629591957","https://openalex.org/W1979991264","https://openalex.org/W1981590872","https://openalex.org/W1986040742","https://openalex.org/W1993952870","https://openalex.org/W2015047820","https://openalex.org/W2026048126","https://openalex.org/W2037876016","https://openalex.org/W2074248062","https://openalex.org/W2101354744","https://openalex.org/W2125102738","https://openalex.org/W2135325753","https://openalex.org/W2139727639","https://openalex.org/W2162616533","https://openalex.org/W2338091215","https://openalex.org/W2463100762","https://openalex.org/W2765582973","https://openalex.org/W2806717622","https://openalex.org/W2953747669","https://openalex.org/W2967344587","https://openalex.org/W3034923522","https://openalex.org/W3039075947","https://openalex.org/W3090642437","https://openalex.org/W3102624362","https://openalex.org/W3102760646","https://openalex.org/W3104321208","https://openalex.org/W3174451218","https://openalex.org/W3192871701","https://openalex.org/W3216520310","https://openalex.org/W4200385004","https://openalex.org/W4206789834","https://openalex.org/W4212823863","https://openalex.org/W4220824004","https://openalex.org/W4220998963","https://openalex.org/W4224444113","https://openalex.org/W4229540056","https://openalex.org/W4280563553","https://openalex.org/W4280574797","https://openalex.org/W4283360249","https://openalex.org/W4304193743","https://openalex.org/W4308821586","https://openalex.org/W4308974989","https://openalex.org/W4310038650","https://openalex.org/W4313988770","https://openalex.org/W4315569245","https://openalex.org/W6636708193","https://openalex.org/W6659880410","https://openalex.org/W6680490553"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W198206506","https://openalex.org/W2169764892","https://openalex.org/W1629037687","https://openalex.org/W1779250039","https://openalex.org/W1616811630","https://openalex.org/W2009363498","https://openalex.org/W2015458424","https://openalex.org/W1587276747","https://openalex.org/W2026726277","https://openalex.org/W3098817762"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"present":[1],"an":[2],"analysis":[3],"of":[4,13,23,127,134,171,200,226,252,304],"the":[5,20,66,72,86,95,103,111,117,124,128,132,135,139,152,157,168,190,198,201,205,208,221,237,240,255,268,274,278,283,288,299,302,325,340],"pseudorapidity":[6,202],"\u03b7":[7,242],"and":[8,26,31,55,82,92,113,121,131,184,192,254,281,287,312,318],"transverse":[9],"momentum":[10],"pT":[11,275],"distributions":[12],"charged":[14],"hadrons":[15],"in":[16,38,223,301],"pp":[17,39],"collisions":[18],"for":[19,77,262,315],"kinematic":[21],"range":[22,243],"0<pT<4":[24],"GeV/c":[25,79],"|\u03b7|<2.4":[27],"at":[28,60,80,144,173,180,194,211,244,327],"0.9,":[29,316],"2.36,":[30,317],"7":[32,101,195,319],"TeV.":[33,196],"Charged":[34],"particles":[35],"are":[36],"produced":[37],"collision":[40],"using":[41],"several":[42],"Monte":[43,160],"Carlo":[44,161],"event":[45],"generators":[46],"(Pythia":[47],"Simple,":[48],"Vincia,":[49],"Dire":[50,90,104,215],"showers,":[51],"Sibyll2.3d,":[52],"QGSJETII-04,":[53],"EPOS-LHC)":[54],"compared":[56],"with":[57,138,231,298],"CMS":[58,73],"data":[59,74,96,118,141,222,238,280],"LHC.":[61],"It":[62,292],"is":[63,293],"observed":[64,294],"that":[65,143,295,324],"Simple":[67,112,125,169],"parton":[68,256],"showers":[69],"can":[70],"explain":[71],"very":[75],"well":[76,179],"pT>1":[78],"0.9":[81,145],"2.36":[83,155],"TeV":[84],"within":[85,119],"experimental":[87,140,209,279],"errors,":[88],"while":[89,176,218],"overshoots":[91],"Vicia":[93],"undershoots":[94],"by":[97,247],"50%":[98],"each.":[99],"At":[100,154],"TeV,":[102,146,320],"module":[105,126,170,216],"presents":[106],"a":[107],"good":[108],"prediction,":[109],"whereas":[110],"Vincia":[114,219],"modules":[115],"underestimate":[116,236],"30%":[120],"50%.":[122],"Comparing":[123],"Pythia":[129,172],"model":[130],"predictions":[133],"CRMC":[136,234],"models":[137,163,235],"shows":[142,323],"EPOS-LHC":[147,185],"has":[148],"better":[149,165],"results":[150,188],"than":[151,167,189,333],"others.":[153],"GeV,":[156],"cosmic":[158],"rays":[159],"(CRMC)":[162],"have":[164,186],"prediction":[166],"low":[174],"pT,":[175],"QGSJETII-04":[177,183],"predicts":[178],"high":[181],"pT.":[182],"closer":[187],"Pythia-Simple":[191,206],"Sibyll2.3d":[193],"In":[197],"case":[199],"distributions,":[203],"only":[204],"reproduced":[207],"measurements":[210],"all":[212,245],"energies.":[213],"The":[214,249,307],"overestimates,":[217],"underestimates":[220],"decreasing":[224],"order":[225],"discrepancy":[227],"(20%,":[228],"12%,":[229],"5%)":[230],"energy.":[232,306],"All":[233],"over":[239],"entire":[241],"energies":[246,329],"20%.":[248],"angular":[250],"ordering":[251],"partons":[253],"fragmentation":[257],"could":[258],"be":[259],"possible":[260],"reasons":[261],"this":[263],"deviation.":[264],"Furthermore,":[265],"we":[266],"used":[267],"two-component":[269],"standard":[270],"distribution":[271],"to":[272,277],"fit":[273,308],"spectra":[276],"extracted":[282],"effective":[284],"temperature":[285],"(Teff)":[286],"multiplicity":[289],"parameter":[290],"(N0).":[291],"Teff":[296],"increases":[297],"increase":[300],"center":[303],"mass":[305],"yielded":[309],"0.20368\u00b10.01,":[310],"0.22348\u00b10.011,":[311],"0.24128\u00b10.012":[313],"GeV":[314],"respectively.":[321],"This":[322],"system":[326],"higher":[328],"freezes":[330],"out":[331],"earlier":[332],"lower":[334],"ones":[335],"because":[336],"they":[337],"quickly":[338],"attain":[339],"equilibrium":[341],"state.":[342]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}