{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4323317277","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25030449","title":"Computing the Integrated Information of a Quantum Mechanism","display_name":"Computing the Integrated Information of a Quantum Mechanism","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4323317277","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25030449","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36981337"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e25030449","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25030449","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/3/449/pdf?version=1677840530","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/3/449/pdf?version=1677840530","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088756569","display_name":"Larissa Albantakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1000-9917"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Larissa Albantakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Association for Mathematical Consciousness Science, 80539 Munich, Germany","Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53719, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1000-9917","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Association for Mathematical Consciousness Science, 80539 Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53719, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008805003","display_name":"Robert Prentner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1890-0827"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I292141241","display_name":"Munich School of Philosophy","ror":"https://ror.org/02kqy4228","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I292141241"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Prentner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Association for Mathematical Consciousness Science, 80539 Munich, Germany","Munich Center for Mathematical Philosophy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80539 Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1890-0827","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Association for Mathematical Consciousness Science, 80539 Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Munich Center for Mathematical Philosophy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80539 Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097","https://openalex.org/I292141241"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053741428","display_name":"Ian T. Durham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2054-7551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31649931","display_name":"Saint Anselm College","ror":"https://ror.org/04eybkn52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31649931"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ian Durham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Association for Mathematical Consciousness Science, 80539 Munich, Germany","Department of Physics, Saint Anselm College, Manchester, NH 03102, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2054-7551","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Association for Mathematical Consciousness Science, 80539 Munich, Germany","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Saint Anselm College, Manchester, NH 03102, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31649931"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088756569"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":2.8165,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92156141,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"3","first_page":"449","last_page":"449"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-entanglement","display_name":"Quantum entanglement","score":0.6044142246246338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-information","display_name":"Quantum information","score":0.5718791484832764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-quantum-system","display_name":"Open quantum system","score":0.5309284329414368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5035485625267029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causation","display_name":"Causation","score":0.5029508471488953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-physics","display_name":"Theoretical physics","score":0.46201008558273315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrated-information-theory","display_name":"Integrated information theory","score":0.4494219124317169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-information-science","display_name":"Quantum information science","score":0.4336094856262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coherent-information","display_name":"Coherent information","score":0.42060214281082153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.412390798330307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.36825573444366455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.3620290458202362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.33902066946029663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3257310390472412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.13935643434524536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.09164994955062866}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121040770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215675","display_name":"Quantum entanglement","level":3,"score":0.6044142246246338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169699857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122243","display_name":"Quantum information","level":3,"score":0.5718791484832764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190474826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2495111","display_name":"Open quantum system","level":3,"score":0.5309284329414368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5035485625267029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166151441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4923601","display_name":"Causation","level":2,"score":0.5029508471488953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.46201008558273315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111883286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6042884","display_name":"Integrated information theory","level":2,"score":0.4494219124317169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5320026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122216","display_name":"Quantum information science","level":4,"score":0.4336094856262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184049767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141355","display_name":"Coherent information","level":5,"score":0.42060214281082153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.412390798330307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.36825573444366455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.3620290458202362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.33902066946029663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3257310390472412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.13935643434524536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.09164994955062866}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e25030449","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25030449","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/3/449/pdf?version=1677840530","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36981337","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36981337","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10047696","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10047696","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10047696/pdf/entropy-25-00449.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7b5f2173de524ab48263e67d18b00cac","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7b5f2173de524ab48263e67d18b00cac","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 25, Iss 3, p 449 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/25/3/449/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25030449","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e25030449","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25030449","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/3/449/pdf?version=1677840530","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6207523574","display_name":"\u200bMeasuring causation: a\n non-reductionist account of free will\u200b","funder_award_id":"TWCF-2020-20526","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327239","funder_display_name":"Templeton World Charity Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327239","display_name":"Templeton World Charity Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/00x0z1472"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4323317277.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W566766357","https://openalex.org/W1520965145","https://openalex.org/W1554794238","https://openalex.org/W1661843733","https://openalex.org/W1969469858","https://openalex.org/W1974928788","https://openalex.org/W2004049314","https://openalex.org/W2022291592","https://openalex.org/W2028965768","https://openalex.org/W2031284984","https://openalex.org/W2034920898","https://openalex.org/W2055993996","https://openalex.org/W2060841334","https://openalex.org/W2073882807","https://openalex.org/W2144126354","https://openalex.org/W2146152876","https://openalex.org/W2148576428","https://openalex.org/W2151773880","https://openalex.org/W2157275618","https://openalex.org/W2157985941","https://openalex.org/W2160448328","https://openalex.org/W2184876195","https://openalex.org/W2339840868","https://openalex.org/W2394834952","https://openalex.org/W2514120153","https://openalex.org/W2517431276","https://openalex.org/W2530178105","https://openalex.org/W2767946379","https://openalex.org/W2779419474","https://openalex.org/W2798773976","https://openalex.org/W2912623250","https://openalex.org/W2914144873","https://openalex.org/W2919886767","https://openalex.org/W2936496464","https://openalex.org/W2962709742","https://openalex.org/W2963843362","https://openalex.org/W2979723619","https://openalex.org/W2989880046","https://openalex.org/W2990961515","https://openalex.org/W3027337940","https://openalex.org/W3029386081","https://openalex.org/W3034552536","https://openalex.org/W3038000163","https://openalex.org/W3095411193","https://openalex.org/W3098193030","https://openalex.org/W3098590676","https://openalex.org/W3101598940","https://openalex.org/W3103746682","https://openalex.org/W3115662350","https://openalex.org/W3137983215","https://openalex.org/W3159538276","https://openalex.org/W3166365208","https://openalex.org/W3178649316","https://openalex.org/W3184094976","https://openalex.org/W3187587747","https://openalex.org/W3199147584","https://openalex.org/W4210955860","https://openalex.org/W4255637037","https://openalex.org/W4307552584","https://openalex.org/W4320496098","https://openalex.org/W4387700987","https://openalex.org/W4394650616","https://openalex.org/W4401328237","https://openalex.org/W6758783387","https://openalex.org/W6776333380"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3140183608","https://openalex.org/W2027605343","https://openalex.org/W3037315640","https://openalex.org/W3111597734","https://openalex.org/W2340741282","https://openalex.org/W2607172433","https://openalex.org/W3099164702","https://openalex.org/W1966698790","https://openalex.org/W2746134341","https://openalex.org/W4323317277"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Originally":[0],"conceived":[1],"as":[2,40,50],"a":[3,12,23,41,51,72,89,98],"theory":[4,9,42,52],"of":[5,43,53,60,71,94,106,116,128],"consciousness,":[6,153],"integrated":[7,68],"information":[8,21,69,96],"(IIT)":[10],"provides":[11],"theoretical":[13,147],"framework":[14],"intended":[15],"to":[16,35,64,75,109,160],"characterize":[17],"the":[18,66,104,117,125,150,158,161],"compositional":[19,114],"causal":[20],"that":[22,85,134],"system,":[24],"in":[25],"its":[26],"current":[27],"state,":[28],"specifies":[29],"about":[30,149],"itself.":[31],"However,":[32],"it":[33],"remains":[34],"be":[36,136],"determined":[37],"whether":[38],"IIT":[39,118],"consciousness":[44],"is":[45],"compatible":[46],"with":[47],"quantum":[48,78,81,111,130],"mechanics":[49],"microphysics.":[54],"Here,":[55],"we":[56,87],"present":[57],"an":[58],"extension":[59],"IIT's":[61],"latest":[62],"formalism":[63],"evaluate":[65],"mechanism":[67],"(\u03c6)":[70],"system":[73],"subset":[74],"discrete,":[76],"finite-dimensional":[77],"systems":[79],"(e.g.,":[80],"logic":[82],"gates).":[83],"To":[84],"end,":[86],"translate":[88],"recently":[90],"developed,":[91],"unique":[92],"measure":[93],"intrinsic":[95],"into":[97],"density":[99],"matrix":[100],"formulation":[101],"and":[102,132,155],"extend":[103],"notion":[105],"conditional":[107],"independence":[108],"accommodate":[110],"entanglement.":[112],"The":[113],"nature":[115],"analysis":[119],"might":[120],"shed":[121],"some":[122],"light":[123],"on":[124],"internal":[126],"structure":[127],"composite":[129],"states":[131],"operators":[133],"cannot":[135],"obtained":[137],"using":[138],"standard":[139],"information-theoretical":[140],"analysis.":[141],"Finally,":[142],"our":[143],"results":[144],"should":[145],"inform":[146],"arguments":[148],"link":[151],"between":[152],"causation,":[154],"physics":[156],"from":[157],"classical":[159],"quantum.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
