{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4318483859","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25020253","title":"A Novel Hierarchical Extreme Machine-Learning-Based Approach for Linear Attenuation Coefficient Forecasting","display_name":"A Novel Hierarchical Extreme Machine-Learning-Based Approach for Linear Attenuation Coefficient Forecasting","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4318483859","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25020253","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36832620"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e25020253","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25020253","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/2/253/pdf?version=1676364618","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/2/253/pdf?version=1676364618","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054264354","display_name":"Giuseppe Varone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3616-6032"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39387349","display_name":"University of Chieti-Pescara","ror":"https://ror.org/00qjgza05","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39387349"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe Varone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University of Chieti Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University of Chieti Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39387349"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052687333","display_name":"Cosimo Ieracitano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7890-2897"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59725666","display_name":"University of Reggio Calabria","ror":"https://ror.org/041sz8d87","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59725666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cosimo Ieracitano","raw_affiliation_strings":["DICEAM, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Via Graziella, Feo di Vito, 89060 Reggio Calabria, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DICEAM, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Via Graziella, Feo di Vito, 89060 Reggio Calabria, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59725666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079406015","display_name":"Aybike \u00d6zy\u00fcksel \u00c7ift\u00e7io\u011flu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-7622"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16748637","display_name":"Manisa Celal Bayar University","ror":"https://ror.org/053f2w588","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16748637"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aybike \u00d6zy\u00fcksel \u00c7ift\u00e7io\u011flu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Manisa Celal Bayar University, 45140 Manisa, Turkey"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Manisa Celal Bayar University, 45140 Manisa, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16748637"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089443958","display_name":"Tassadaq Hussain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1396-5429"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I251738","display_name":"Edinburgh Napier University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zjvnn91","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251738"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tassadaq Hussain","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Merchiston Campus, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh EH10 5DT, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Merchiston Campus, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh EH10 5DT, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I251738"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068981769","display_name":"Mandar Gogate","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1712-9014"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I251738","display_name":"Edinburgh Napier University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zjvnn91","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251738"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mandar Gogate","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Merchiston Campus, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh EH10 5DT, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Merchiston Campus, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh EH10 5DT, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I251738"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058869522","display_name":"Kia Dashtipour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9651-6487"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I251738","display_name":"Edinburgh Napier University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zjvnn91","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251738"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kia Dashtipour","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Merchiston Campus, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh EH10 5DT, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Merchiston Campus, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh EH10 5DT, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I251738"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065762130","display_name":"Bassam Naji Al-Tamimi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12870472","display_name":"Birmingham City University","ror":"https://ror.org/00t67pt25","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12870472"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bassam Naji Al-Tamimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Digital Technology, Birmingham City University, Birmingham B4 7XG, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Digital Technology, Birmingham City University, Birmingham B4 7XG, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12870472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067855165","display_name":"Hani Almoamari","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151290","display_name":"Islamic University of Madinah","ror":"https://ror.org/03rcp1y74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151290"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hani Almoamari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer and Information Systems, Islamic University of Madinah, Medina 42351, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer and Information Systems, Islamic University of Madinah, Medina 42351, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151290"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051925425","display_name":"\u0130skender Akkurt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5247-7850"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175124709","display_name":"S\u00fcleyman Demirel University","ror":"https://ror.org/04fjtte88","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175124709"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iskender Akkurt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physics Department, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, Turkey"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physics Department, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175124709"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062211930","display_name":"Amir Hussain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8080-082X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I251738","display_name":"Edinburgh Napier University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zjvnn91","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251738"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir Hussain","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Merchiston Campus, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh EH10 5DT, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Merchiston Campus, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh EH10 5DT, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I251738"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054264354"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39387349"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":11.5196,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97737013,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"2","first_page":"253","last_page":"253"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12019","display_name":"Calibration and Measurement Techniques","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12019","display_name":"Calibration and Measurement Techniques","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14158","display_name":"Optical Systems and Laser Technology","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13928","display_name":"Advanced Sensor Technologies Research","score":0.9850000143051147,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extreme-learning-machine","display_name":"Extreme learning machine","score":0.7217667102813721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attenuation","display_name":"Attenuation","score":0.5430092811584473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.45368635654449463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4450136423110962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3848850727081299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3684656322002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.2601667642593384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1664849817752838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.08657214045524597}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780150128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21948731","display_name":"Extreme learning machine","level":3,"score":0.7217667102813721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184652730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357982","display_name":"Attenuation","level":2,"score":0.5430092811584473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45368635654449463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4450136423110962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3848850727081299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3684656322002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.2601667642593384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1664849817752838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.08657214045524597}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e25020253","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25020253","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/2/253/pdf?version=1676364618","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36832620","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36832620","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:277436","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/277436/1/277436.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9955907","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9955907","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9955907/pdf/entropy-25-00253.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6b244e3dbd614ae6ba901d522ada3d13","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6b244e3dbd614ae6ba901d522ada3d13","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 25, Iss 2, p 253 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/25/2/253/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25020253","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e25020253","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25020253","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/2/253/pdf?version=1676364618","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1425184040","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/M026981/1, EP/T021063/1, EP/T024917/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1504366969","display_name":"Natural Language Generation for Low-resource Domains","funder_award_id":"EP/T024917/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1934935867","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Engineering and Physical Sciences R","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2193117753","display_name":"COG-MHEAR: Towards cognitively-inspired 5G-IoT enabled, multi-modal Hearing Aids","funder_award_id":"EP/T021063/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2447866707","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/T021063/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3391686670","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/T024917","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G386565863","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/T024917/","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4097937278","display_name":"Towards visually-driven speech enhancement for cognitively-inspired multi-modal hearing-aid devices (AV-COGHEAR)","funder_award_id":"EP/M026981/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4769349813","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/M026981/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6741951271","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/T024917/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8452545418","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"unknown","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4318483859.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":77,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1589320680","https://openalex.org/W1625495808","https://openalex.org/W1970255904","https://openalex.org/W1987883306","https://openalex.org/W1990044134","https://openalex.org/W1994080110","https://openalex.org/W2005152372","https://openalex.org/W2012194140","https://openalex.org/W2023488938","https://openalex.org/W2026360520","https://openalex.org/W2027960178","https://openalex.org/W2037481461","https://openalex.org/W2037575202","https://openalex.org/W2040975718","https://openalex.org/W2050226074","https://openalex.org/W2054737818","https://openalex.org/W2078171487","https://openalex.org/W2081169278","https://openalex.org/W2086305332","https://openalex.org/W2099359120","https://openalex.org/W2100436643","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2102148524","https://openalex.org/W2102441272","https://openalex.org/W2111072639","https://openalex.org/W2123474505","https://openalex.org/W2130932367","https://openalex.org/W2136269858","https://openalex.org/W2147842557","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2172414120","https://openalex.org/W2188838043","https://openalex.org/W2229432482","https://openalex.org/W2288173420","https://openalex.org/W2301541953","https://openalex.org/W2309497016","https://openalex.org/W2520302257","https://openalex.org/W2525090823","https://openalex.org/W2534690865","https://openalex.org/W2544841000","https://openalex.org/W2549935818","https://openalex.org/W2601054181","https://openalex.org/W2614617149","https://openalex.org/W2622110699","https://openalex.org/W2763818676","https://openalex.org/W2765164841","https://openalex.org/W2791802953","https://openalex.org/W2797086020","https://openalex.org/W2803324844","https://openalex.org/W2888056941","https://openalex.org/W2892295899","https://openalex.org/W2901253861","https://openalex.org/W2901893265","https://openalex.org/W2902947156","https://openalex.org/W2903668726","https://openalex.org/W2921932572","https://openalex.org/W2946602485","https://openalex.org/W2984787691","https://openalex.org/W2990415293","https://openalex.org/W2992046576","https://openalex.org/W3025523196","https://openalex.org/W3025735450","https://openalex.org/W3135396123","https://openalex.org/W3209999437","https://openalex.org/W4205651584","https://openalex.org/W4205702875","https://openalex.org/W4210569353","https://openalex.org/W4212883601","https://openalex.org/W4225127502","https://openalex.org/W4236137412","https://openalex.org/W4283732996","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6681910582","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6687067416","https://openalex.org/W6771309351","https://openalex.org/W6791067936"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W2969890106","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W2905251838","https://openalex.org/W4313488044","https://openalex.org/W3209574120"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,43,130,155,172,194],"development":[1],"of":[2,16,37,62,65,85,133,167,212,283,317],"reinforced":[3],"polymer":[4],"composite":[5],"materials":[6],"has":[7],"had":[8],"a":[9,35,104,165,191,218],"significant":[10],"influence":[11],"on":[12],"the":[13,48,57,81,149,178,210,280,288,294,297,310,320,328,332],"challenging":[14],"problem":[15],"shielding":[17,32,83,152],"against":[18],"high-energy":[19],"photons,":[20],"particularly":[21],"X-rays":[22],"and":[23,27,67,97,108,116,135,141,158,181,204,243,266,272,305,331,335],"\u03b3-rays":[24],"in":[25,190,315,324],"industrial":[26],"healthcare":[28],"facilities.":[29],"Heavy":[30],"materials'":[31],"characteristics":[33,153],"hold":[34],"lot":[36],"potential":[38],"for":[39],"bolstering":[40],"concrete":[41],"chunks.":[42],"mass":[44],"attenuation":[45,61],"coefficient":[46],"is":[47,53],"main":[49],"physical":[50],"factor":[51],"that":[52,250],"utilized":[54],"to":[55,79,90,120,126,147,175,208,278,287,293],"measure":[56],"narrow":[58],"beam":[59],"\u03b3-ray":[60,151],"various":[63],"combinations":[64,112],"magnetite":[66,107],"mineral":[68,110,160],"powders":[69,161],"with":[70],"concrete.":[71],"Data-driven":[72],"machine":[73,168,221,236,241],"learning":[74,169,237,240],"approaches":[75],"can":[76,184],"be":[77,185],"investigated":[78],"assess":[80,209],"gamma-ray":[82],"behavior":[84],"composites":[86],"as":[87],"an":[88],"alternative":[89],"theoretical":[91],"calculations,":[92],"which":[93],"are":[94],"often":[95],"time-":[96],"resource-intensive":[98],"during":[99],"workbench":[100],"testing.":[101],"We":[102],"developed":[103],"dataset":[105,180],"using":[106,164,187],"seventeen":[109,159],"powder":[111],"at":[113],"different":[114],"densities":[115],"water/cement":[117],"ratios,":[118],"exposed":[119],"photon":[121,138],"energy":[122],"ranging":[123],"from":[124],"1":[125],"1006":[127],"kiloelectronvolt":[128],"(KeV).":[129],"National":[131],"Institute":[132],"Standards":[134],"Technology":[136],"(NIST)":[137],"cross-section":[139],"database":[140],"software":[142],"methodology":[143],"(XCOM)":[144],"was":[145,174],"used":[146,277,323],"compute":[148],"concrete's":[150],"(LAC).":[154],"XCOM-calculated":[156],"LACs":[157],"were":[162,206,275],"exploited":[163],"range":[166],"(ML)":[170],"regressors.":[171],"goal":[173],"investigate":[176],"whether":[177],"available":[179],"XCOM-simulated":[182],"LAC":[183,307],"replicated":[186],"ML":[188,215,284],"techniques":[189,285],"data-driven":[192],"approach.":[193,291],"minimum":[195],"absolute":[196],"error":[197,202],"(MAE),":[198],"root":[199],"mean":[200],"square":[201],"(RMSE),":[203],"R2score":[205,330],"employed":[207],"performance":[211],"our":[213,251],"proposed":[214,252],"models,":[216],"specifically":[217],"support":[219],"vector":[220],"(SVM),":[222],"1d-convolutional":[223],"neural":[224],"network":[225],"(CNN),":[226],"multi-Layer":[227],"perceptrons":[228],"(MLP),":[229],"linear":[230],"regressor,":[231,261],"decision":[232,258],"tree,":[233,259],"hierarchical":[234],"extreme":[235,239],"(HELM),":[238],"(ELM),":[242],"random":[244,262],"forest":[245],"networks.":[246],"Comparative":[247],"results":[248],"showed":[249,300],"HELM":[253,298,311],"architecture":[254],"outperformed":[255],"state-of-the-art":[256],"SVM,":[257],"polynomial":[260],"forest,":[263],"MLP,":[264],"CNN,":[265],"conventional":[267],"ELM":[268],"models.":[269],"Stepwise":[270],"regression":[271],"correlation":[273],"analysis":[274],"further":[276],"evaluate":[279],"forecasting":[281],"capability":[282],"compared":[286],"benchmark":[289],"XCOM":[290,304],"According":[292],"statistical":[295],"analysis,":[296],"model":[299,312],"strong":[301],"consistency":[302],"between":[303],"predicted":[306],"values.":[308],"Additionally,":[309],"performed":[313],"better":[314],"terms":[316],"accuracy":[318],"than":[319],"other":[321],"models":[322],"this":[325],"study,":[326],"yielding":[327],"highest":[329],"lowest":[333],"MAE":[334],"RMSE.":[336]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}