{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4315797880","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25010161","title":"Ray-Stretching Statistics and Hot-Spot Formation in Weak Random Disorder","display_name":"Ray-Stretching Statistics and Hot-Spot Formation in Weak Random Disorder","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4315797880","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25010161","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36673301"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e25010161","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25010161","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/1/161/pdf?version=1673591187","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/1/161/pdf?version=1673591187","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102501933","display_name":"Sicong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6108-7493"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114832834","display_name":"Tulane University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vmvtb21","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sicong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067373405","display_name":"L. Kaplan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7256-3203"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114832834","display_name":"Tulane University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vmvtb21","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lev Kaplan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114832834"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067373405"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114832834"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.2569,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57058613,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"1","first_page":"161","last_page":"161"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","score":0.632173478603363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maxima-and-minima","display_name":"Maxima and minima","score":0.5789610743522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.566421627998352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5574660897254944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.5503557920455933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/connection","display_name":"Connection (principal bundle)","score":0.5351207256317139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hot-spot","display_name":"Hot spot (computer programming)","score":0.42614132165908813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extreme-value-theory","display_name":"Extreme value theory","score":0.41853654384613037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.28404176235198975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.27934926748275757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.19436496496200562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.17039942741394043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.10412707924842834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.09959474205970764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.066507488489151}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.632173478603363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186633575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845060","display_name":"Maxima and minima","level":2,"score":0.5789610743522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.566421627998352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5574660897254944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.5503557920455933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13355873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920850","display_name":"Connection (principal bundle)","level":2,"score":0.5351207256317139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199672914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4241353","display_name":"Hot spot (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.42614132165908813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147581598","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729429","display_name":"Extreme value theory","level":2,"score":0.41853654384613037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.28404176235198975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.27934926748275757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.19436496496200562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.17039942741394043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.10412707924842834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.09959474205970764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.066507488489151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e25010161","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25010161","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/1/161/pdf?version=1673591187","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36673301","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36673301","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9857862","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9857862","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9857862/pdf/entropy-25-00161.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:34726b1c3c3441f58792470760bb34a1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/34726b1c3c3441f58792470760bb34a1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 25, Iss 1, p 161 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/25/1/161/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25010161","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy; Volume 25; Issue 1; Pages: 161","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e25010161","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e25010161","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/1/161/pdf?version=1673591187","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8700000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1153010550","display_name":"Wave Statistics in Non-Integrable Systems: From Nanostructures to Ocean Waves","funder_award_id":"1205788","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G950705811","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PHY-1205788","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310142","display_name":"Tulane University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vmvtb21"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4315797880.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973683275","https://openalex.org/W1977192067","https://openalex.org/W1978863037","https://openalex.org/W2007130057","https://openalex.org/W2008287942","https://openalex.org/W2011629801","https://openalex.org/W2022497950","https://openalex.org/W2022653681","https://openalex.org/W2024803730","https://openalex.org/W2027971366","https://openalex.org/W2028374436","https://openalex.org/W2034346254","https://openalex.org/W2035286224","https://openalex.org/W2037672112","https://openalex.org/W2052470874","https://openalex.org/W2074004776","https://openalex.org/W2076137444","https://openalex.org/W2094831042","https://openalex.org/W2124880185","https://openalex.org/W2126744357","https://openalex.org/W2139202466","https://openalex.org/W2161819072","https://openalex.org/W2165272265","https://openalex.org/W2568878449","https://openalex.org/W3038365032","https://openalex.org/W3100689407","https://openalex.org/W3102672567","https://openalex.org/W4200431738","https://openalex.org/W4255671857","https://openalex.org/W4310086046","https://openalex.org/W6657564792","https://openalex.org/W6674917979"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2375684291","https://openalex.org/W2354676191","https://openalex.org/W3188646203","https://openalex.org/W2909957174","https://openalex.org/W136674370","https://openalex.org/W4246278799","https://openalex.org/W2105527480","https://openalex.org/W2052387497","https://openalex.org/W2050203848","https://openalex.org/W4302599863"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Weak":[0],"scattering":[1],"in":[2,16,21,39,53,60],"a":[3,29],"random":[4,32,74],"disordered":[5],"medium":[6],"and":[7,84,86],"the":[8,22,46,50,54,61,80],"associated":[9],"extreme-event":[10],"statistics":[11],"are":[12,42],"of":[13,24],"great":[14],"interest":[15],"various":[17],"physical":[18,94],"contexts.":[19],"Here,":[20],"context":[23],"non-relativistic":[25],"particle":[26,40],"motion":[27],"through":[28],"weakly":[30],"correlated":[31,83],"potential,":[33],"we":[34],"show":[35],"how":[36],"extreme":[37],"events":[38],"densities":[41],"strongly":[43],"related":[44],"to":[45,58,69,90,92],"stretching":[47,62],"exponents,":[48],"where":[49],"'hot":[51],"spots'":[52],"intensity":[55],"profile":[56],"correspond":[57],"minima":[59],"exponents.":[63],"This":[64],"strong":[65],"connection":[66],"is":[67,82,87],"expected":[68,89],"be":[70],"valid":[71],"for":[72],"different":[73],"potential":[75],"distributions,":[76],"as":[77,79,97],"long":[78],"disorder":[81],"weak,":[85],"also":[88],"apply":[91],"other":[93],"contexts,":[95],"such":[96],"deep":[98],"ocean":[99],"waves.":[100]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
