{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4309214342","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24111657","title":"Underwater Acoustic Target Recognition Based on Attention Residual Network","display_name":"Underwater Acoustic Target Recognition Based on Attention Residual Network","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4309214342","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24111657","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36421512"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e24111657","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24111657","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/11/1657/pdf?version=1668492355","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/11/1657/pdf?version=1668492355","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100666580","display_name":"Juan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6642-9633"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Baoxiang Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baoxiang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013579299","display_name":"Xuerong Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2326-9518"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xuerong Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2326-9518","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036622666","display_name":"Shibao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3924-9001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shibao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005660769","display_name":"Jianhang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1612-7527"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianhang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013579299"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"fwci":4.284,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95166787,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"11","first_page":"1657","last_page":"1657"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7751415967941284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.7524089813232422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.6903513669967651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5908153653144836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5553815364837646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5291980504989624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.47731074690818787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.44797271490097046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4005934000015259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3914177715778351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1213066577911377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.11331427097320557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.06756696105003357}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7751415967941284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.7524089813232422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.6903513669967651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5908153653144836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5553815364837646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5291980504989624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.47731074690818787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.44797271490097046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4005934000015259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3914177715778351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1213066577911377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.11331427097320557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.06756696105003357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e24111657","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24111657","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/11/1657/pdf?version=1668492355","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36421512","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36421512","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ff49bc77d31d45bc9398218a4753e238","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ff49bc77d31d45bc9398218a4753e238","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 24, Iss 11, p 1657 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/24/11/1657/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24111657","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy; Volume 24; Issue 11; Pages: 1657","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9688950","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9688950","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e24111657","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24111657","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/11/1657/pdf?version=1668492355","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.8600000143051147}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1038620037","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8eWiFi\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u53cd\u5411\u6563\u5c04\u901a\u4fe1\u7cfb\u7edfOFDM\u8f7d\u6ce2\u8c03\u5236\u548c\u5e72\u6270\u7ba1\u7406\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61972417","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1472481675","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2020MF005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3371598077","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52171341, 61902431, and 61972417","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4077414543","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61902431","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7766568299","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020-84","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8655643622","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52171341","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309214342.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309214342.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975929202","https://openalex.org/W2052384514","https://openalex.org/W2058362654","https://openalex.org/W2125324924","https://openalex.org/W2466903746","https://openalex.org/W2478051194","https://openalex.org/W2520774990","https://openalex.org/W2594878708","https://openalex.org/W2903741778","https://openalex.org/W2920164921","https://openalex.org/W2936774411","https://openalex.org/W2987544319","https://openalex.org/W3003121299","https://openalex.org/W3046007115","https://openalex.org/W3091889015","https://openalex.org/W3126352256","https://openalex.org/W3157675948","https://openalex.org/W3172124183","https://openalex.org/W3175400544","https://openalex.org/W3206152260","https://openalex.org/W4200429553","https://openalex.org/W4213143559","https://openalex.org/W4283589953","https://openalex.org/W4287219587"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388412763","https://openalex.org/W1999583034","https://openalex.org/W3217214504","https://openalex.org/W2560215812","https://openalex.org/W3168963531","https://openalex.org/W2591930867","https://openalex.org/W2953138830","https://openalex.org/W2773822314","https://openalex.org/W3176162126","https://openalex.org/W2891537746"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Underwater":[0],"acoustic":[1,119,128],"target":[2,129],"recognition":[3,38,102,130,153,172],"is":[4,57,75,146,155,162,174,177],"very":[5],"complex":[6],"due":[7],"to":[8,29,46,59,77,115,126,166],"the":[9,15,18,22,61,82,87,97,101,111,117,123,143,151,158,167,180],"lack":[10],"of":[11,17,24,65,90,103,136],"labeled":[12],"data":[13],"sets,":[14],"complexity":[16],"marine":[19],"environment,":[20],"and":[21,69,92,121,148,150,164],"interference":[23],"background":[25],"noise.":[26],"In":[27],"order":[28],"enhance":[30,78],"it,":[31],"we":[32,109],"propose":[33],"an":[34],"attention-based":[35],"residual":[36,55],"network":[37,56,113,124],"method":[39,42],"(AResnet).":[40],"The":[41,133,170],"can":[43],"be":[44],"used":[45,58,76],"identify":[47],"ship-radiated":[48,104],"noise":[49,105,139],"in":[50,106],"different":[51,79],"environments.":[52],"Firstly,":[53],"a":[54,71],"extract":[60,116],"deep":[62,118],"abstract":[63],"features":[64,83,120],"three-dimensional":[66],"fusion":[67],"features,":[68],"then":[70],"channel":[72],"attention":[73],"module":[74],"channels.":[80],"Finally,":[81],"are":[84,141],"classified":[85],"by":[86],"joint":[88],"supervision":[89],"cross-entropy":[91],"central":[93],"loss":[94],"functions.":[95],"At":[96],"same":[98],"time,":[99],"for":[100],"other":[107],"environments,":[108],"use":[110],"pre-training":[112],"AResnet":[114,160],"apply":[122],"structure":[125,161],"underwater":[127],"after":[131],"fine-tuning.":[132],"two":[134],"sets":[135],"ship":[137],"radiation":[138],"datasets":[140],"verified,":[142,149],"DeepShip":[144],"dataset":[145],"trained":[147,159],"average":[152,171],"accuracy":[154,173],"99%.":[156],"Then,":[157],"fine-tuned":[163],"applied":[165],"ShipsEar":[168],"dataset.":[169],"98%,":[175],"which":[176],"better":[178],"than":[179],"comparison":[181],"method.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-08-05T07:39:15.569665","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
