{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4297349505","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24101369","title":"Providing Care: Intrinsic Human\u2013Machine Teams and Data","display_name":"Providing Care: Intrinsic Human\u2013Machine Teams and Data","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4297349505","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24101369","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37420389"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e24101369","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24101369","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/10/1369/pdf?version=1664274962","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/10/1369/pdf?version=1664274962","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107278933","display_name":"Stephen Russell","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089954","display_name":"Jackson Health System","ror":"https://ror.org/00en6p903","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089954"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stephen Russell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Research, Opportunities and Innovation in Data Science, Jackson Health System, Miami, FL 33136, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Research, Opportunities and Innovation in Data Science, Jackson Health System, Miami, FL 33136, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089954"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062304915","display_name":"Ashwin S. Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3251-9977"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089954","display_name":"Jackson Health System","ror":"https://ror.org/00en6p903","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089954"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashwin Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Research, Opportunities and Innovation in Data Science, Jackson Health System, Miami, FL 33136, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Research, Opportunities and Innovation in Data Science, Jackson Health System, Miami, FL 33136, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089954"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5107278933"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089954"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08351112,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"10","first_page":"1369","last_page":"1369"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9815000295639038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13248","display_name":"Healthcare Technology and Patient Monitoring","score":0.9404000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6998851895332336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6748486757278442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013machine-system","display_name":"Human\u2013machine system","score":0.6378101706504822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6321231126785278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6272963881492615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance-vector-machine","display_name":"Relevance vector machine","score":0.5359877347946167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.4915860593318939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/likert-scale","display_name":"Likert scale","score":0.4274842441082001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10661891102790833}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6998851895332336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6748486757278442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146047270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q469666","display_name":"Human\u2013machine system","level":2,"score":0.6378101706504822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6321231126785278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6272963881492615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14948415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310972","display_name":"Relevance vector machine","level":3,"score":0.5359877347946167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.4915860593318939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105776082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q617473","display_name":"Likert scale","level":2,"score":0.4274842441082001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10661891102790833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e24101369","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24101369","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/10/1369/pdf?version=1664274962","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37420389","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37420389","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:31d41ba6585a4f0b92bf321d189cf560","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/31d41ba6585a4f0b92bf321d189cf560","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 24, Iss 10, p 1369 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/24/10/1369/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24101369","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy; Volume 24; Issue 10; Pages: 1369","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9601264","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9601264","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e24101369","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24101369","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/10/1369/pdf?version=1664274962","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4297349505.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4297349505.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W792928115","https://openalex.org/W1490469688","https://openalex.org/W1854204224","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W2008861857","https://openalex.org/W2024002488","https://openalex.org/W2027107079","https://openalex.org/W2032354553","https://openalex.org/W2115933183","https://openalex.org/W2328234520","https://openalex.org/W2333448309","https://openalex.org/W2597836692","https://openalex.org/W2601958593","https://openalex.org/W2883790289","https://openalex.org/W2915686654","https://openalex.org/W2978041822","https://openalex.org/W2986362444","https://openalex.org/W2995109209","https://openalex.org/W3000239480","https://openalex.org/W3030790076","https://openalex.org/W3036147280","https://openalex.org/W3036458852","https://openalex.org/W3039232647","https://openalex.org/W3043083589","https://openalex.org/W3102363003","https://openalex.org/W3126325446","https://openalex.org/W3129286046","https://openalex.org/W3130937151","https://openalex.org/W3131947895","https://openalex.org/W3142436303","https://openalex.org/W3157602926","https://openalex.org/W3163957207","https://openalex.org/W3182648442","https://openalex.org/W3197388750","https://openalex.org/W3198711318","https://openalex.org/W3204134923","https://openalex.org/W3205877558","https://openalex.org/W3206840963","https://openalex.org/W3207236987","https://openalex.org/W3211313293","https://openalex.org/W3214024265","https://openalex.org/W3214740976","https://openalex.org/W4205164650","https://openalex.org/W4205278045","https://openalex.org/W4206634023","https://openalex.org/W4286491165","https://openalex.org/W4292295056","https://openalex.org/W4295124108","https://openalex.org/W6677301753","https://openalex.org/W6701936466","https://openalex.org/W6702379388","https://openalex.org/W6736295194","https://openalex.org/W6804085326"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2010005619","https://openalex.org/W2683383161","https://openalex.org/W2066952721","https://openalex.org/W2565312173","https://openalex.org/W2335152656","https://openalex.org/W3147035969","https://openalex.org/W2359936972","https://openalex.org/W2383027800","https://openalex.org/W2206547991","https://openalex.org/W2104936869"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"the":[1,18,59,81,85,89,96,136,169],"many":[2],"successes":[3],"of":[4,17,61,122,132,167],"artificial":[5],"intelligence":[6],"in":[7,43,73,125,135,153,172],"healthcare":[8],"applications":[9],"where":[10,87],"human-machine":[11,162],"teaming":[12,163],"is":[13,21,48,92],"an":[14,53],"intrinsic":[15],"characteristic":[16],"environment,":[19],"there":[20],"little":[22],"work":[23],"that":[24,57,65],"proposes":[25],"methods":[26],"for":[27,38,146,178],"adapting":[28],"quantitative":[29,71],"health":[30],"data-features":[31],"with":[32,70],"human":[33,123,133],"expertise":[34],"insights.":[35],"A":[36,165],"method":[37,51],"incorporating":[39],"qualitative":[40],"expert":[41],"perspectives":[42,124],"machine":[44,126,138,179],"learning":[45,127,139,180],"training":[46,128],"data":[47,63,97,106,129],"proposed.":[49],"The":[50,105,120],"implements":[52],"entropy-based":[54],"consensus":[55],"construct":[56],"minimizes":[58,84],"challenges":[60],"qualitative-scale":[62],"such":[64],"they":[66],"can":[67],"be":[68,100,118],"combined":[69],"measures":[72],"a":[74,144,173],"critical":[75],"clinical":[76,155],"event":[77],"(CCE)":[78],"vector.":[79],"Specifically,":[80],"CCE":[82,170],"vector":[83,171],"effects":[86],"(a)":[88],"sample":[90],"size":[91],"too":[93],"small,":[94],"(b)":[95],"may":[98],"not":[99],"normally":[101],"distributed,":[102],"or":[103],"(c)":[104],"are":[107,112,181],"from":[108],"Likert":[109],"scales,":[110],"which":[111],"ordinal,":[113],"so":[114],"parametric":[115],"statistics":[116],"cannot":[117],"used.":[119],"incorporation":[121],"provides":[130,143],"encoding":[131,142],"considerations":[134],"subsequent":[137],"model.":[140],"This":[141],"basis":[145],"increasing":[147],"explainability,":[148],"understandability,":[149],"and":[150,176],"ultimately":[151],"trust":[152],"AI-based":[154],"decision":[156],"support":[157],"system":[158],"(CDSS),":[159],"thereby":[160],"improving":[161],"concerns.":[164],"discussion":[166],"applying":[168],"CDSS":[174],"regime":[175],"implications":[177],"also":[182],"presented.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}