{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4295094447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24091265","title":"Optimized Ship-Radiated Noise Feature Extraction Approaches Based on CEEMDAN and Slope Entropy","display_name":"Optimized Ship-Radiated Noise Feature Extraction Approaches Based on CEEMDAN and Slope Entropy","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4295094447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24091265","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36141150"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e24091265","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24091265","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/9/1265/pdf?version=1663740639","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/9/1265/pdf?version=1663740639","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100763916","display_name":"Yuxing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5035-223X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131919","display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038avdt50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an 710048, China","Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Complex System Control and Intelligent Information Processing, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an 710048, China","School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China","Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Complex System Control and Intelligent Information Processing, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5035-223X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an 710048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Complex System Control and Intelligent Information Processing, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an 710048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Complex System Control and Intelligent Information Processing, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021155084","display_name":"Bingzhao Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9755-5405"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131919","display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038avdt50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bingzhao Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an 710048, China","School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an 710048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083262932","display_name":"Shangbin Jiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1858-2075"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131919","display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038avdt50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shangbin Jiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an 710048, China","Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Complex System Control and Intelligent Information Processing, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an 710048, China","Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Complex System Control and Intelligent Information Processing, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China","School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an 710048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Complex System Control and Intelligent Information Processing, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an 710048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Complex System Control and Intelligent Information Processing, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083262932"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"fwci":3.7283,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9405872,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"9","first_page":"1265","last_page":"1265"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9836000204086304,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12086","display_name":"Structural Integrity and Reliability Analysis","score":0.9732000231742859,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hilbert\u2013huang-transform","display_name":"Hilbert\u2013Huang transform","score":0.7593411207199097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.7555851936340332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.6830097436904907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6481349468231201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6134079694747925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5629192590713501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5095803737640381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.46724820137023926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-measurement","display_name":"Noise measurement","score":0.41052156686782837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-reduction","display_name":"Noise reduction","score":0.3994286060333252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1279517412185669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.12465107440948486}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25570617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1006462","display_name":"Hilbert\u2013Huang transform","level":3,"score":0.7593411207199097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.7555851936340332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.6830097436904907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6481349468231201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6134079694747925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5629192590713501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5095803737640381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.46724820137023926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29265498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7047719","display_name":"Noise measurement","level":3,"score":0.41052156686782837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.3994286060333252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1279517412185669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.12465107440948486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e24091265","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24091265","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/9/1265/pdf?version=1663740639","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36141150","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36141150","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:93d2ee07a5084953b9b6ed7e3cc10c15","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/93d2ee07a5084953b9b6ed7e3cc10c15","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 24, Iss 9, p 1265 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/24/9/1265/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24091265","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy; Volume 24; Issue 9; Pages: 1265","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9497670","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9497670","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e24091265","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24091265","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/9/1265/pdf?version=1663740639","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1889967295","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61871318","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324173","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4718346048","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022JM-337","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4784204436","display_name":"\u590d\u5408\u591a\u7a33\u968f\u673a\u5171\u632f\u9635\u5217\u5fae\u5f31\u4fe1\u53f7\u68c0\u6d4b\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61871318","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8222805831","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022JM-337","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324173","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324173","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4295094447.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973048907","https://openalex.org/W2000982976","https://openalex.org/W2007221293","https://openalex.org/W2014683958","https://openalex.org/W2021887391","https://openalex.org/W2040895929","https://openalex.org/W2045940966","https://openalex.org/W2054946297","https://openalex.org/W2120390927","https://openalex.org/W2125056386","https://openalex.org/W2181210515","https://openalex.org/W2333775360","https://openalex.org/W2466903746","https://openalex.org/W2792354770","https://openalex.org/W2903564335","https://openalex.org/W2908450692","https://openalex.org/W2911762831","https://openalex.org/W2911926529","https://openalex.org/W2920235281","https://openalex.org/W2961492042","https://openalex.org/W2967554011","https://openalex.org/W2982036932","https://openalex.org/W2987957547","https://openalex.org/W2989978439","https://openalex.org/W2991327750","https://openalex.org/W3040237876","https://openalex.org/W3043794876","https://openalex.org/W3122798562","https://openalex.org/W4200429553","https://openalex.org/W4211135803","https://openalex.org/W4283274312","https://openalex.org/W4283589953","https://openalex.org/W4285007557","https://openalex.org/W4295094447","https://openalex.org/W6757290551"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3014107421","https://openalex.org/W2363056446","https://openalex.org/W2361368121","https://openalex.org/W3108403339","https://openalex.org/W2162712524","https://openalex.org/W4287867034","https://openalex.org/W2175872006","https://openalex.org/W3005783148","https://openalex.org/W3021143552","https://openalex.org/W2004821155"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Slope":[0],"entropy":[1],"(Slopen)":[2],"has":[3],"been":[4],"demonstrated":[5],"to":[6,11,57,81,107,140],"be":[7,141],"an":[8],"excellent":[9],"approach":[10,99],"extracting":[12],"ship-radiated":[13],"noise":[14,55],"signals":[15],"(S-NSs)":[16],"features":[17,35],"by":[18],"analyzing":[19],"the":[20,23,34,59,64,70,86,109,115,126,145],"complexity":[21],"of":[22,36,61,69,89,111,125],"signals;":[24],"however,":[25],"its":[26,84],"recognition":[27],"ability":[28],"is":[29],"limited":[30],"because":[31],"it":[32],"extracts":[33],"undecomposed":[37],"S-NSs.":[38],"To":[39],"solve":[40],"this":[41,44],"problem,":[42],"in":[43],"study,":[45],"we":[46],"combined":[47],"complete":[48],"ensemble":[49],"empirical":[50],"mode":[51,66],"decomposition":[52],"with":[53],"adaptive":[54],"(CEEMDAN)":[56],"explore":[58],"differences":[60],"Slopen":[62,137],"between":[63],"intrinsic":[65],"components":[67],"(IMFs)":[68],"S-NSs":[71],"and":[72,93,114,120,129,138,149],"proposed":[73,116,127],"a":[74,94],"single-IMF":[75],"optimized":[76,87,96,131],"feature":[77,97,132,151],"extraction":[78,98,133,152],"approach.":[79],"Aiming":[80],"further":[82],"enhance":[83],"performance,":[85],"combination":[88],"dual-IMFs":[90],"was":[91,100],"selected,":[92],"dual-IMF":[95,130],"also":[101],"proposed.":[102],"We":[103],"conducted":[104],"three":[105],"experiments":[106],"demonstrate":[108],"effectiveness":[110],"CEEMDAN,":[112],"Slopen,":[113],"approaches.":[117,153],"The":[118],"experimental":[119],"comparative":[121],"results":[122],"revealed":[123],"both":[124],"single-":[128],"approaches":[134],"based":[135],"on":[136],"CEEMDAN":[139],"more":[142],"effective":[143],"than":[144],"original":[146],"ship":[147],"signal-based":[148],"IMF-based":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}