{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283751174","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24070908","title":"Improved Variational Mode Decomposition and CNN for Intelligent Rotating Machinery Fault Diagnosis","display_name":"Improved Variational Mode Decomposition and CNN for Intelligent Rotating Machinery Fault Diagnosis","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283751174","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24070908","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35885131"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e24070908","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24070908","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/7/908/pdf?version=1657101663","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/7/908/pdf?version=1657101663","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101984579","display_name":"Qiyang Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7249-5186"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173899330","display_name":"Henan University","ror":"https://ror.org/003xyzq10","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173899330"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiyang Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173899330"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100444246","display_name":"Sen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6333-4839"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173899330","display_name":"Henan University","ror":"https://ror.org/003xyzq10","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173899330"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173899330"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070900410","display_name":"Lin Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2700-834X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173899330","display_name":"Henan University","ror":"https://ror.org/003xyzq10","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173899330"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lin Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173899330"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029424274","display_name":"Wentao Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2648-1183"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wentao Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029424274","https://openalex.org/A5070900410"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004","https://openalex.org/I173899330"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":3.889,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93832658,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"7","first_page":"908","last_page":"908"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13891","display_name":"Engineering Diagnostics and Reliability","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12086","display_name":"Structural Integrity and Reliability Analysis","score":0.9549000263214111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6669663786888123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.6593061685562134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6471647620201111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6371644139289856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.6231195330619812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6228415966033936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.6046964526176453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.46903857588768005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.46359696984291077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.45809680223464966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-domain","display_name":"Time domain","score":0.42685556411743164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.37390756607055664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.22982287406921387}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6669663786888123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.6593061685562134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6471647620201111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6371644139289856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.6231195330619812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6228415966033936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.6046964526176453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.46903857588768005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.46359696984291077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.45809680223464966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103824480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185889","display_name":"Time domain","level":2,"score":0.42685556411743164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.37390756607055664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.22982287406921387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e24070908","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24070908","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/7/908/pdf?version=1657101663","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35885131","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35885131","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b080a63e4735401c9f836e14db5ba8be","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b080a63e4735401c9f836e14db5ba8be","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 24, Iss 7, p 908 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/24/7/908/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24070908","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy; Volume 24; Issue 7; Pages: 908","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9317035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9317035","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e24070908","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24070908","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/7/908/pdf?version=1657101663","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283751174.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283751174.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W243674440","https://openalex.org/W1967352108","https://openalex.org/W1973048907","https://openalex.org/W1986831525","https://openalex.org/W2000982976","https://openalex.org/W2007221293","https://openalex.org/W2021758955","https://openalex.org/W2081305848","https://openalex.org/W2173008373","https://openalex.org/W2277064738","https://openalex.org/W2317595875","https://openalex.org/W2337001254","https://openalex.org/W2345538253","https://openalex.org/W2374255988","https://openalex.org/W2461729787","https://openalex.org/W2578142490","https://openalex.org/W2741384330","https://openalex.org/W2748511798","https://openalex.org/W2766719041","https://openalex.org/W2768753204","https://openalex.org/W2790195878","https://openalex.org/W2802686655","https://openalex.org/W2999337238","https://openalex.org/W3041016892","https://openalex.org/W3100777112","https://openalex.org/W3130900996","https://openalex.org/W3159053080","https://openalex.org/W3168697062","https://openalex.org/W3173322341","https://openalex.org/W3184703656","https://openalex.org/W3207306938","https://openalex.org/W4205772240","https://openalex.org/W6670545808"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293226380","https://openalex.org/W2382174632","https://openalex.org/W2129959498","https://openalex.org/W2784060934","https://openalex.org/W2902714807","https://openalex.org/W2537489131","https://openalex.org/W2046633342","https://openalex.org/W2394084632","https://openalex.org/W2358293514","https://openalex.org/W2366527604"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,56],"paper":[1,40],"proposes":[2,41],"an":[3,42],"intelligent":[4],"diagnosis":[5],"method":[6,47,57,129,160],"for":[7,36],"rotating":[8,23,164],"machinery":[9,24,165],"faults":[10,166],"based":[11],"on":[12],"improved":[13,43],"variational":[14,44],"mode":[15,45],"decomposition":[16,46],"(IVMD)":[17],"and":[18,74,90,170],"CNN":[19],"to":[20,28,101,113,132,147,151,163],"process":[21],"the":[22,30,52,59,62,82,96,103,115,122,126,141,148,158],"non-stationary":[25],"signal.":[26,105,124],"Firstly,":[27],"solve":[29],"problem":[31],"of":[32,51,54,61,121],"time-domain":[33],"feature":[34,119,139],"extraction":[35],"fault":[37,123,153],"diagnosis,":[38],"this":[39],"with":[48,95],"automatic":[49],"optimization":[50],"number":[53],"modes.":[55],"overcomes":[58],"problems":[60],"traditional":[63],"VMD":[64],"method,":[65],"in":[66,167],"that":[67,157],"each":[68],"parameter":[69],"is":[70,75,111,130,145],"set":[71],"by":[72,78,88],"experience":[73],"greatly":[76],"influenced":[77],"subjective":[79],"experience.":[80],"Secondly,":[81],"decomposed":[83],"signal":[84,98],"components":[85,94],"are":[86,99],"analyzed":[87],"correlation,":[89],"then":[91],"high":[92,173],"correlated":[93],"original":[97,104],"selected":[100],"reconstruct":[102],"The":[106],"continuous":[107],"wavelet":[108],"transform":[109],"(CWT)":[110],"employed":[112],"extract":[114],"two-dimensional":[116,142],"time-frequency":[117,143],"domain":[118],"map":[120],"Finally,":[125],"deep":[127],"learning":[128],"used":[131],"construct":[133],"a":[134,172],"convolutional":[135],"neural":[136,149],"network.":[137],"After":[138],"extraction,":[140],"image":[144],"applied":[146],"network":[150],"identify":[152],"features.":[154],"Experiments":[155],"verify":[156],"proposed":[159],"can":[161],"adapt":[162],"complex":[168],"environments":[169],"has":[171],"recognition":[174],"rate.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T08:04:53.788161","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}