{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4281252219","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24050734","title":"Optimal Control of Background-Based Uncertain Systems with Applications in DC Pension Plan","display_name":"Optimal Control of Background-Based Uncertain Systems with Applications in DC Pension Plan","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4281252219","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24050734","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35626616"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e24050734","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24050734","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/5/734/pdf?version=1653403013","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/5/734/pdf?version=1653403013","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100431650","display_name":"Wei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6468-3232"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96908189","display_name":"Xinjiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gw8r13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mathematics and System Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mathematics and System Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102481492","display_name":"Wanying Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96908189","display_name":"Xinjiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gw8r13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wanying Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mathematics and System Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mathematics and System Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101140634","display_name":"Tang Xiaoyi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96908189","display_name":"Xinjiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gw8r13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyi Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mathematics and System Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mathematics and System Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101837418","display_name":"Yijun Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4484-3806"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yijun Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Statistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102481492"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.4928,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64993687,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"5","first_page":"734","last_page":"734"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12135","display_name":"Fuzzy Systems and Optimization","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12135","display_name":"Fuzzy Systems and Optimization","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12011","display_name":"Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management","score":0.9850000143051147,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10067","display_name":"Stochastic processes and financial applications","score":0.9790999889373779,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-variable","display_name":"State variable","score":0.8101590871810913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-variable","display_name":"Control variable","score":0.6667135953903198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-control","display_name":"Optimal control","score":0.6038501262664795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pension","display_name":"Pension","score":0.5391197204589844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5262022614479065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jump","display_name":"Jump","score":0.5219525694847107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.5075985193252563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.49197956919670105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bellman-equation","display_name":"Bellman equation","score":0.4663409888744354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4655632972717285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hamilton\u2013jacobi\u2013bellman-equation","display_name":"Hamilton\u2013Jacobi\u2013Bellman equation","score":0.4459545910358429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.39183947443962097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3897574543952942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.29278624057769775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.2153051495552063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.07973751425743103}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129537906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7603913","display_name":"State variable","level":2,"score":0.8101590871810913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153240184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3243772","display_name":"Control variable","level":2,"score":0.6667135953903198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91575142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971426","display_name":"Optimal control","level":2,"score":0.6038501262664795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780899237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156223","display_name":"Pension","level":2,"score":0.5391197204589844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5262022614479065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780695682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4005959","display_name":"Jump","level":2,"score":0.5219525694847107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5075985193252563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.49197956919670105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14646407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430750","display_name":"Bellman equation","level":2,"score":0.4663409888744354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4655632972717285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196978813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3302775","display_name":"Hamilton\u2013Jacobi\u2013Bellman equation","level":3,"score":0.4459545910358429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39183947443962097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3897574543952942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.29278624057769775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.2153051495552063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.07973751425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e24050734","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24050734","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/5/734/pdf?version=1653403013","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35626616","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35626616","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:70da2e20f4da4b57bccf1a95a0797f8f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/70da2e20f4da4b57bccf1a95a0797f8f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 24, Iss 5, p 734 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/24/5/734/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24050734","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy; Volume 24; Issue 5; Pages: 734","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9140549","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9140549","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e24050734","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24050734","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/5/734/pdf?version=1653403013","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.5199999809265137}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6705672782","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11961064","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4281252219.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4281252219.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W299346747","https://openalex.org/W596923505","https://openalex.org/W1592112088","https://openalex.org/W1999932850","https://openalex.org/W2005158847","https://openalex.org/W2026999635","https://openalex.org/W2064561530","https://openalex.org/W2091403477","https://openalex.org/W2118573305","https://openalex.org/W2119906745","https://openalex.org/W2127740852","https://openalex.org/W2146063748","https://openalex.org/W2146541388","https://openalex.org/W2151376743","https://openalex.org/W2231151710","https://openalex.org/W2259050232","https://openalex.org/W2669458394","https://openalex.org/W2759292726","https://openalex.org/W2781296878","https://openalex.org/W2781600833","https://openalex.org/W2788355149","https://openalex.org/W2798655355","https://openalex.org/W2889360629","https://openalex.org/W2897396761","https://openalex.org/W2919453895","https://openalex.org/W2944985815","https://openalex.org/W2998410566","https://openalex.org/W3000115226","https://openalex.org/W3041576967","https://openalex.org/W3106385990","https://openalex.org/W4212780424","https://openalex.org/W4302609762","https://openalex.org/W6610663443","https://openalex.org/W6618064151","https://openalex.org/W6651440789","https://openalex.org/W6678868654","https://openalex.org/W6682597882","https://openalex.org/W6772382469"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2032834442","https://openalex.org/W3153900688","https://openalex.org/W2115544975","https://openalex.org/W2902017027","https://openalex.org/W1654696814","https://openalex.org/W4291598237","https://openalex.org/W2766998270","https://openalex.org/W4292330635","https://openalex.org/W3168988147","https://openalex.org/W1986314707"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,15],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,69],"propose":[4],"a":[5],"new":[6],"optimal":[7,82,86],"control":[8,55],"model":[9],"for":[10,89],"uncertain":[11,31,42,65],"systems":[12],"with":[13,45],"jump.":[14],"the":[16,18,24,35,50,54,60,71,74,81,96,101,111,114],"model,":[17],"background-state":[19,25,51,98],"variables":[20,26,37,52,56,99],"are":[21,27,38,57,93],"incorporated,":[22],"where":[23,95],"governed":[28,39],"by":[29,40],"an":[30,79],"differential":[32,43],"equation.":[33],"Meanwhile,":[34],"state":[36],"another":[41],"equation":[44,75],"jump,":[46],"in":[47,106],"which":[48],"both":[49],"and":[53,73,85],"involved.":[58],"Under":[59],"optimistic":[61],"value":[62],"criterion,":[63],"using":[64],"dynamic":[66],"programming":[67],"method,":[68],"establish":[70],"principle":[72],"of":[76,113],"optimality.":[77],"As":[78],"application,":[80],"investment":[83],"strategy":[84],"payment":[87],"rate":[88],"DC":[90,107],"pension":[91,108],"plans":[92,109],"given,":[94],"corresponding":[97],"represent":[100],"salary":[102],"process.":[103],"This":[104],"application":[105],"illustrates":[110],"effectiveness":[112],"proposed":[115],"model.":[116]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}