{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4280552003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24050731","title":"Robust Variable-Step Perturb-and-Observe Sliding Mode Controller for Grid-Connected Wind-Energy-Conversion Systems","display_name":"Robust Variable-Step Perturb-and-Observe Sliding Mode Controller for Grid-Connected Wind-Energy-Conversion Systems","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4280552003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24050731","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35626614"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e24050731","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24050731","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/5/731/pdf?version=1653055041","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/5/731/pdf?version=1653055041","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007330581","display_name":"Ilham Toumi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3205-1625"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114564095","display_name":"University of Ouargla","ror":"https://ror.org/05amrd548","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114564095"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ilham Toumi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Faculty of New Technologies of Computing and Communication, University of Ouargla, Ouargla 30000, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3205-1625","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Faculty of New Technologies of Computing and Communication, University of Ouargla, Ouargla 30000, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114564095"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044108570","display_name":"Billel Meghni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6153-2252"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108754898","display_name":"Badji Mokhtar-Annaba University","ror":"https://ror.org/03sf55932","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108754898"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Billel Meghni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Algeria LSEM Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, University Badji Mokhtar, Annaba 23000, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Algeria LSEM Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, University Badji Mokhtar, Annaba 23000, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108754898"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060769409","display_name":"Oussama Hachana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1380-8239"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114564095","display_name":"University of Ouargla","ror":"https://ror.org/05amrd548","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114564095"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oussama Hachana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Drilling and Rig Mechanics, Faculty of Hydrocarbons, Renewable Energies and Earth and Universe Sciences, University of Ouargla, Ouargla 30000, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1380-8239","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Drilling and Rig Mechanics, Faculty of Hydrocarbons, Renewable Energies and Earth and Universe Sciences, University of Ouargla, Ouargla 30000, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114564095"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034196986","display_name":"Ahmad Taher Azar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7869-6373"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142024983","display_name":"Prince Sultan University","ror":"https://ror.org/053mqrf26","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207547235","display_name":"Benha University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tn5ee41","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207547235"]}],"countries":["EG","SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad Taher Azar","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia","Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7869-6373","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207547235"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051694229","display_name":"Amira Boulmaiz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9253-0997"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108754898","display_name":"Badji Mokhtar-Annaba University","ror":"https://ror.org/03sf55932","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108754898"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amira Boulmaiz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, University of Badji Mokhtar, Annaba 23000, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, University of Badji Mokhtar, Annaba 23000, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108754898"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016153721","display_name":"Amjad J. Humaidi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9071-1329"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171256487","display_name":"University of Technology - Iraq","ror":"https://ror.org/01w1ehb86","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171256487"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amjad J. Humaidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Control and Systems Engineering, University of Technology, Baghdad 10001, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Control and Systems Engineering, University of Technology, Baghdad 10001, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171256487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020322808","display_name":"Ibraheem Kasim Ibraheem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7009-3634"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801106189","display_name":"Dijlah University College","ror":"https://ror.org/03vndx142","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801106189"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibraheem Kasim Ibraheem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Techniques Engineering, Dijlah University College, Baghdad 10001, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7009-3634","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Techniques Engineering, Dijlah University College, Baghdad 10001, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801106189"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015700815","display_name":"Nashwa Ahmad Kamal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9763-8953"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145487455","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nashwa Ahmad Kamal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042073790","display_name":"Quanmin Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8173-1179"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178535277","display_name":"University of the West of England","ror":"https://ror.org/02nwg5t34","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178535277"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quanmin Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Design and Mathematics, Frenchy Campus Coldharbour Lane, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8173-1179","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Design and Mathematics, Frenchy Campus Coldharbour Lane, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178535277"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031811091","display_name":"Giuseppe Fusco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5104-1342"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186995768","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli studi di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale","ror":"https://ror.org/04nxkaq16","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186995768"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe Fusco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale, 03043 Cassino, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5104-1342","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale, 03043 Cassino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186995768"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011131696","display_name":"Naglaa K. Bahgaat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0221-6206"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122785","display_name":"Canadian International College","ror":"https://ror.org/03374t109","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122785"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naglaa K. Bahgaat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communications and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Canadian International College (CIC), Shiekh Zayed City, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0221-6206","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communications and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Canadian International College (CIC), Shiekh Zayed City, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122785"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":6,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034196986"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142024983","https://openalex.org/I207547235"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":2.1842,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87097764,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"5","first_page":"731","last_page":"731"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10740","display_name":"Wind Turbine Control Systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10228","display_name":"Multilevel Inverters and Converters","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.8190643787384033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-power-point-tracking","display_name":"Maximum power point tracking","score":0.7190719842910767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/settling-time","display_name":"Settling time","score":0.6648229956626892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-power","display_name":"Wind power","score":0.6056625843048096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permanent-magnet-synchronous-generator","display_name":"Permanent magnet synchronous generator","score":0.5735925436019897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5198181867599487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sliding-mode-control","display_name":"Sliding mode control","score":0.5107226371765137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-power-principle","display_name":"Maximum power principle","score":0.4630906879901886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.43329918384552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.33053261041641235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3161424398422241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22279179096221924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.18681073188781738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/step-response","display_name":"Step response","score":0.1756565272808075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.14009833335876465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.13860449194908142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.8190643787384033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36139824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052007","display_name":"Maximum power point tracking","level":4,"score":0.7190719842910767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14781684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3983320","display_name":"Settling time","level":3,"score":0.6648229956626892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.6056625843048096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201320609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3274420","display_name":"Permanent magnet synchronous generator","level":3,"score":0.5735925436019897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5198181867599487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36662352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6008560","display_name":"Sliding mode control","level":3,"score":0.5107226371765137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116615679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795908","display_name":"Maximum power principle","level":3,"score":0.4630906879901886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43329918384552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.33053261041641235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3161424398422241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22279179096221924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.18681073188781738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160030872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142864","display_name":"Step response","level":2,"score":0.1756565272808075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14009833335876465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.13860449194908142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11190779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664575","display_name":"Inverter","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e24050731","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24050731","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/5/731/pdf?version=1653055041","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35626614","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35626614","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9140852","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9140852","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1ecefd7452f04e5585b7e0c8c770eae3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1ecefd7452f04e5585b7e0c8c770eae3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 24, Iss 5, p 731 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/24/5/731/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24050731","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy; Volume 24; Issue 5; Pages: 731","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e24050731","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24050731","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/5/731/pdf?version=1653055041","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4280552003.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4280552003.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1733911425","https://openalex.org/W1844570215","https://openalex.org/W1983236618","https://openalex.org/W1987726549","https://openalex.org/W1996907503","https://openalex.org/W2014615439","https://openalex.org/W2038230118","https://openalex.org/W2066469304","https://openalex.org/W2085913279","https://openalex.org/W2107002271","https://openalex.org/W2110513778","https://openalex.org/W2162345820","https://openalex.org/W2167367636","https://openalex.org/W2183551095","https://openalex.org/W2226818182","https://openalex.org/W2280999164","https://openalex.org/W2507578425","https://openalex.org/W2530767044","https://openalex.org/W2565380551","https://openalex.org/W2621033456","https://openalex.org/W2758893453","https://openalex.org/W2780199748","https://openalex.org/W2782636169","https://openalex.org/W2897663582","https://openalex.org/W2900859513","https://openalex.org/W2910752192","https://openalex.org/W2910961748","https://openalex.org/W2913022060","https://openalex.org/W2944306271","https://openalex.org/W2949167574","https://openalex.org/W2953204398","https://openalex.org/W2957181072","https://openalex.org/W2969038396","https://openalex.org/W2980444874","https://openalex.org/W2998073921","https://openalex.org/W2999165590","https://openalex.org/W3002927651","https://openalex.org/W3011734432","https://openalex.org/W3022988766","https://openalex.org/W3048108647","https://openalex.org/W3091480626","https://openalex.org/W3096712945","https://openalex.org/W3129425439","https://openalex.org/W3196774731","https://openalex.org/W4221075977","https://openalex.org/W6912540965"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2290996769","https://openalex.org/W2097725229","https://openalex.org/W1977060113","https://openalex.org/W4281622623","https://openalex.org/W2527993489","https://openalex.org/W2184772563","https://openalex.org/W4389401330","https://openalex.org/W2374101854","https://openalex.org/W2379240244","https://openalex.org/W2033390848"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"order":[1],"to":[2,49,83,96,123,155],"extract":[3],"efficient":[4],"power":[5,16,75,99,130,137],"generation,":[6],"a":[7,22,42,67,93,111,135,140],"wind":[8],"turbine":[9],"(WT)":[10],"system":[11],"requires":[12],"an":[13,118,183,189,247],"accurate":[14,248],"maximum":[15],"point":[17],"tracking":[18],"(MPPT)":[19],"technique.":[20],"Therefore,":[21,224],"novel":[23],"robust":[24],"variable-step":[25,195],"perturb-and-observe":[26],"(RVS-P&O)":[27],"algorithm":[28,121,244],"was":[29,39,80,101,108,188,202,206,210],"developed":[30],"for":[31,87,213,250],"the":[32,51,54,72,98,125,133,145,151,156,166,169,173,181,194,199,242],"machine-side":[33],"converter":[34,106],"(MSC).":[35],"The":[36,104,178],"control":[37],"strategy":[38],"applied":[40],"on":[41,71],"WT":[43,182],"based":[44,175],"permanent-magnet":[45],"synchronous":[46],"generator":[47],"(PMSG)":[48],"overcome":[50],"downsides":[52],"of":[53,74,129,144,150,168,185,191,227],"currently":[55],"published":[56],"P&O":[57,176,196],"MPPT":[58],"methods.":[59],"Particularly,":[60],"two":[61],"main":[62],"points":[63],"were":[64],"involved.":[65],"Firstly,":[66],"systematic":[68],"step-size":[69],"selection":[70],"basis":[73],"and":[76,89,148,220,234],"speed":[77],"measurement":[78],"normalization":[79],"proposed;":[81],"secondly,":[82],"obtain":[84],"acceptable":[85],"robustness":[86],"high":[88,141],"long":[90],"wind-speed":[91],"variations,":[92],"new":[94],"correction":[95],"calculate":[97],"variation":[100],"carried":[102],"out.":[103],"grid-side":[105],"(GSC)":[107],"controlled":[109],"using":[110],"second-order":[112],"sliding":[113,159],"mode":[114,160],"controller":[115,161],"(SOSMC)":[116],"with":[117],"adaptive-gain":[119],"super-twisting":[120],"(STA)":[122],"realize":[124],"high-quality":[126],"seamless":[127],"setting":[128],"injected":[131],"into":[132],"grid,":[134],"satisfactory":[136],"factor":[138],"correction,":[139],"harmonic":[142],"performance":[143],"AC":[146],"source,":[147],"removal":[149],"chatter":[152],"effect":[153],"compared":[154],"traditional":[157],"first-order":[158],"(FOSMC).":[162],"Simulation":[163],"results":[164],"showed":[165],"superiority":[167],"suggested":[170],"RVS-P&O":[171,179,243],"over":[172,193],"competing":[174],"techniques.":[177],"offered":[180],"efficiency":[184],"99.35%,":[186],"which":[187,209],"increase":[190],"3.82%":[192],"algorithm.":[197],"Indeed,":[198],"settling":[200],"time":[201],"remarkably":[203],"enhanced;":[204],"it":[205],"0.00794":[207],"s,":[208],"better":[211],"than":[212],"LS-P&O":[214],"(0.0841":[215],"s),":[216,219],"SS-P&O":[217],"(0.1617":[218],"VS-P&O":[221],"(0.2224":[222],"s).":[223],"in":[225],"terms":[226],"energy":[228],"efficiency,":[229],"as":[230,232],"well":[231],"transient":[233],"steady-state":[235],"response":[236],"performances":[237],"under":[238],"various":[239],"operating":[240],"conditions,":[241],"could":[245],"be":[246],"candidate":[249],"MPP":[251],"online":[252],"operation":[253],"tracking.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}