{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4229016400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24050624","title":"Investigation of Gas-Water-Sand Fluid Resistivity Property as Potential Application for Marine Gas Hydrate Production","display_name":"Investigation of Gas-Water-Sand Fluid Resistivity Property as Potential Application for Marine Gas Hydrate Production","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4229016400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24050624","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35626509"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e24050624","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24050624","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/5/624/pdf?version=1651228816","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/5/624/pdf?version=1651228816","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100611974","display_name":"Zhiwen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0797-9448"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128491","display_name":"Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion","ror":"https://ror.org/047qgg117","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128491"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiwen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China","Key Laboratory of Gas Hydrate, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100027, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Gas Hydrate, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128491"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100027, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051852537","display_name":"Xiao\u2010Sen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8608-0950"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128491","display_name":"Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion","ror":"https://ror.org/047qgg117","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128491"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaosen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China","Key Laboratory of Gas Hydrate, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China","State Key Laboratory of Natural Gas Hydrates, CNOOC Research Institute, Beijing 100028, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100027, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Gas Hydrate, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128491"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Natural Gas Hydrates, CNOOC Research Institute, Beijing 100028, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100027, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100669600","display_name":"Zhaoyang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2743-6811"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128491","display_name":"Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion","ror":"https://ror.org/047qgg117","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128491"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoyang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China","Key Laboratory of Gas Hydrate, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China","State Key Laboratory of Natural Gas Hydrates, CNOOC Research Institute, Beijing 100028, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100027, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2743-6811","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Gas Hydrate, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128491"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Natural Gas Hydrates, CNOOC Research Institute, Beijing 100028, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100027, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100433474","display_name":"Yu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0379-7882"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128491","display_name":"Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion","ror":"https://ror.org/047qgg117","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128491"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China","Key Laboratory of Gas Hydrate, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China","State Key Laboratory of Natural Gas Hydrates, CNOOC Research Institute, Beijing 100028, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100027, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Gas Hydrate, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128491"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Natural Gas Hydrates, CNOOC Research Institute, Beijing 100028, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100027, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103097371","display_name":"Hao Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8938-6805"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128491","display_name":"Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion","ror":"https://ror.org/047qgg117","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128491"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China","Key Laboratory of Gas Hydrate, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100027, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Gas Hydrate, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128491"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100027, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100669600"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128491","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02544187,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"5","first_page":"624","last_page":"624"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10995","display_name":"Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2304","display_name":"Environmental Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10995","display_name":"Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2304","display_name":"Environmental Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10399","display_name":"Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13925","display_name":"Offshore Engineering and Technologies","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clathrate-hydrate","display_name":"Clathrate hydrate","score":0.7210785150527954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-gas","display_name":"Natural gas","score":0.7082874774932861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-resistivity-and-conductivity","display_name":"Electrical resistivity and conductivity","score":0.6906338930130005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/petroleum-engineering","display_name":"Petroleum engineering","score":0.5885429978370667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fraction","display_name":"Fraction (chemistry)","score":0.5662757158279419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrate","display_name":"Hydrate","score":0.5274268388748169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/produced-water","display_name":"Produced water","score":0.45427262783050537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.44894787669181824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiphase-flow","display_name":"Multiphase flow","score":0.44514578580856323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fossil-fuel","display_name":"Fossil fuel","score":0.4319414794445038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluid-dynamics","display_name":"Fluid dynamics","score":0.4154527485370636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.31861352920532227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.1916588842868805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.18038174510002136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromatography","display_name":"Chromatography","score":0.11509987711906433}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100402318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864080","display_name":"Clathrate hydrate","level":3,"score":0.7210785150527954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59427239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40858","display_name":"Natural gas","level":2,"score":0.7082874774932861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69990965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65402698","display_name":"Electrical resistivity and conductivity","level":2,"score":0.6906338930130005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78762247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1273174","display_name":"Petroleum engineering","level":1,"score":0.5885429978370667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149629883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660926","display_name":"Fraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.5662757158279419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781060337","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q462174","display_name":"Hydrate","level":2,"score":0.5274268388748169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775865663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7247687","display_name":"Produced water","level":2,"score":0.45427262783050537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.44894787669181824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779379648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1559665","display_name":"Multiphase flow","level":2,"score":0.44514578580856323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68189081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12748","display_name":"Fossil fuel","level":2,"score":0.4319414794445038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90278072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216320","display_name":"Fluid dynamics","level":2,"score":0.4154527485370636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.31861352920532227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.1916588842868805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.18038174510002136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.11509987711906433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e24050624","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24050624","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/5/624/pdf?version=1651228816","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35626509","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35626509","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2502ef0bbe144646b36fac55c67d797b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2502ef0bbe144646b36fac55c67d797b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 24, Iss 5, p 624 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.giec.ac.cn:344007/36610","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ir.giec.ac.cn/handle/344007/36610","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196145","display_name":"Institutional Repository of Guangzhou Institute of Energy Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"\u671f\u520a\u8bba\u6587"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.giec.ac.cn:344007/36612","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ir.giec.ac.cn/handle/344007/36612","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196145","display_name":"Institutional Repository of Guangzhou Institute of Energy Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"\u671f\u520a\u8bba\u6587"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/24/5/624/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24050624","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy; Volume 24; Issue 5; Pages: 624","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9140212","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9140212","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e24050624","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24050624","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/5/624/pdf?version=1651228816","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.8600000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2029978183","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No.2021YFC2800902","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G236194500","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51736009 and 52076208","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2522636862","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52076208","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4744047696","display_name":"\u5929\u7136\u6c14\u6c34\u5408\u7269\u5206\u89e3\u673a\u7406\u53ca\u8c03\u63a7\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"51736009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G572551287","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021YFC2800902","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4229016400.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975581364","https://openalex.org/W1985167149","https://openalex.org/W1988043966","https://openalex.org/W1998999255","https://openalex.org/W2001654487","https://openalex.org/W2002428718","https://openalex.org/W2013536899","https://openalex.org/W2025297673","https://openalex.org/W2026957986","https://openalex.org/W2034694861","https://openalex.org/W2073220009","https://openalex.org/W2080349730","https://openalex.org/W2094161272","https://openalex.org/W2102455575","https://openalex.org/W2117528830","https://openalex.org/W2169321892","https://openalex.org/W2352769568","https://openalex.org/W2380014951","https://openalex.org/W2502700835","https://openalex.org/W2594988164","https://openalex.org/W2612739764","https://openalex.org/W2759320764","https://openalex.org/W2768360051","https://openalex.org/W2791352134","https://openalex.org/W2801643875","https://openalex.org/W2885042175","https://openalex.org/W2901985412","https://openalex.org/W2947097388","https://openalex.org/W2971576698","https://openalex.org/W2974482653","https://openalex.org/W2982961715","https://openalex.org/W3018189068","https://openalex.org/W3042445073","https://openalex.org/W3046282543","https://openalex.org/W3082094861","https://openalex.org/W3085272459","https://openalex.org/W3109248529","https://openalex.org/W3158434279","https://openalex.org/W4248579218"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2031786783","https://openalex.org/W2742825824","https://openalex.org/W2941116126","https://openalex.org/W1969719671","https://openalex.org/W2519671027","https://openalex.org/W2329484265","https://openalex.org/W2023438849","https://openalex.org/W2899572291","https://openalex.org/W2069487793","https://openalex.org/W4284966211"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,65,92],"phase":[1,25,69,117],"fraction":[2,26,70,76],"measurement":[3,27,93,115],"of":[4,18,49,67,85,116,119],"gas-water-sand":[5,51,120],"fluid":[6,52,88],"in":[7,129],"downhole":[8],"is":[9],"an":[10],"important":[11],"premise":[12],"for":[13,29,113],"safe":[14],"and":[15,31,61,71,77,95,122],"stable":[16],"exploitation":[17,34],"natural":[19,32,131],"gas":[20,33,68,72,132],"hydrates,":[21],"but":[22],"the":[23,45,57,82,86,114],"existing":[24],"device":[28],"oil":[30],"can't":[35],"be":[36],"directly":[37],"applied":[38],"to":[39],"hydrate":[40],"exploitation.":[41,134],"In":[42],"this":[43],"work,":[44],"electrical":[46],"resistivity":[47,84,104],"properties":[48],"different":[50],"were":[53,89,98],"experimentally":[54],"investigated":[55],"using":[56],"multiphase":[58,87],"flow":[59],"loop":[60],"static":[62],"solution":[63],"experiments.":[64],"effect":[66,112],"bubbles":[73],"distribution,":[74],"sand":[75,78],"particle":[79],"size":[80],"on":[81],"relative":[83],"systematically":[90],"studied.":[91],"devices":[94],"operating":[96],"parameters":[97],"also":[99],"optimized.":[100],"A":[101],"novel":[102],"combined":[103],"method":[105],"was":[106],"developed,":[107],"which":[108],"demonstrated":[109],"a":[110,125],"good":[111,126],"fractions":[118],"fluid,":[121],"will":[123],"have":[124],"application":[127],"potential":[128],"marine":[130],"hydrates":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-25T15:57:00.446498","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
