{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4224311859","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24050588","title":"A Geometric-Based LSGDM Method for Tourism Project Decision Optimization with Trust\u2013Distrust Relationships","display_name":"A Geometric-Based LSGDM Method for Tourism Project Decision Optimization with Trust\u2013Distrust Relationships","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4224311859","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24050588","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35626473"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e24050588","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24050588","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/5/588/pdf?version=1653647535","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/5/588/pdf?version=1653647535","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100653522","display_name":"Lei Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-8266"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34155123","display_name":"Hebei University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05h3pkk68","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34155123"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 051432, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 051432, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34155123"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041496400","display_name":"Xinshang You","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34155123","display_name":"Hebei University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05h3pkk68","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34155123"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xinshang You","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 051432, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 051432, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34155123"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003801098","display_name":"Shuo Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5758-8429"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34155123","display_name":"Hebei University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05h3pkk68","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34155123"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuo Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 051432, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5758-8429","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 051432, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34155123"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087629036","display_name":"Zengtai You","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093629","display_name":"Cultural Relics Institute Hebei Province","ror":"https://ror.org/00j9w3k35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093629"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zengtai You","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technology and Cultural Management Institute, Hebei Institute of Communications, Shijiazhuang 051432, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technology and Cultural Management Institute, Hebei Institute of Communications, Shijiazhuang 051432, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093629"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041496400","https://openalex.org/A5087629036"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34155123","https://openalex.org/I4210093629"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.6533,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70406741,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"5","first_page":"588","last_page":"588"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12805","display_name":"Cognitive Science and Mapping","score":0.970300018787384,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13058","display_name":"Soil and Land Suitability Analysis","score":0.9639999866485596,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distrust","display_name":"Distrust","score":0.8851237297058105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tourism","display_name":"Tourism","score":0.6105559468269348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5787521004676819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytic-hierarchy-process","display_name":"Analytic hierarchy process","score":0.5188432931900024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.5033032298088074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.49531665444374084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.47875136137008667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-model","display_name":"Decision model","score":0.4343731999397278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4272244870662689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.40501317381858826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.3820754885673523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3159410357475281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.28470128774642944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.19546285271644592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12414342164993286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.11793252825737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.10310184955596924}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778321746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621922","display_name":"Distrust","level":2,"score":0.8851237297058105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18918823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49389","display_name":"Tourism","level":2,"score":0.6105559468269348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5787521004676819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87345402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485202","display_name":"Analytic hierarchy process","level":2,"score":0.5188432931900024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.5033032298088074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.49531665444374084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.47875136137008667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59594135","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5249242","display_name":"Decision model","level":2,"score":0.4343731999397278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4272244870662689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.40501317381858826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.3820754885673523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3159410357475281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.28470128774642944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.19546285271644592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12414342164993286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.11793252825737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10310184955596924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e24050588","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24050588","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/5/588/pdf?version=1653647535","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35626473","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35626473","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5b6aec006c3e461798e754c7aef55d39","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5b6aec006c3e461798e754c7aef55d39","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 24, Iss 5, p 588 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/24/5/588/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24050588","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy; Volume 24; Issue 5; Pages: 588","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9141093","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9141093","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e24050588","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24050588","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/5/588/pdf?version=1653647535","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.6000000238418579}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G959627755","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"G2020208002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4224311859.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536569943","https://openalex.org/W1971421925","https://openalex.org/W1976915331","https://openalex.org/W1980564456","https://openalex.org/W1995972849","https://openalex.org/W1996831558","https://openalex.org/W2001706342","https://openalex.org/W2007595757","https://openalex.org/W2013659308","https://openalex.org/W2016851153","https://openalex.org/W2022445870","https://openalex.org/W2023732199","https://openalex.org/W2027361448","https://openalex.org/W2030232003","https://openalex.org/W2066992485","https://openalex.org/W2089458547","https://openalex.org/W2092965581","https://openalex.org/W2099970772","https://openalex.org/W2120875227","https://openalex.org/W2348787410","https://openalex.org/W2353101119","https://openalex.org/W2377159102","https://openalex.org/W2392633468","https://openalex.org/W2410308415","https://openalex.org/W2410679497","https://openalex.org/W2512958155","https://openalex.org/W2609291468","https://openalex.org/W2619648173","https://openalex.org/W2756366436","https://openalex.org/W2766931335","https://openalex.org/W2904056530","https://openalex.org/W2911314598","https://openalex.org/W2912077313","https://openalex.org/W2929732252","https://openalex.org/W2954235980","https://openalex.org/W2979348426","https://openalex.org/W2980084615","https://openalex.org/W2981171234","https://openalex.org/W2989831831","https://openalex.org/W3024111398","https://openalex.org/W3027192844","https://openalex.org/W3071972992","https://openalex.org/W3106684725","https://openalex.org/W3114688962","https://openalex.org/W3120291452","https://openalex.org/W3133327375","https://openalex.org/W3157813796","https://openalex.org/W3172923194","https://openalex.org/W3185073037","https://openalex.org/W3186663877","https://openalex.org/W3188383611","https://openalex.org/W4205128125","https://openalex.org/W4211007335","https://openalex.org/W4245152641","https://openalex.org/W4292078529","https://openalex.org/W6672650195","https://openalex.org/W7029224434"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2152370238","https://openalex.org/W3193570178","https://openalex.org/W3160132286","https://openalex.org/W2136955267","https://openalex.org/W2712460288","https://openalex.org/W2016002482","https://openalex.org/W2352717624","https://openalex.org/W2347297568","https://openalex.org/W3031503990","https://openalex.org/W2369576099"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,41],"this":[1,135],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,23,50,211],"discuss":[4],"the":[5,17,45,53,69,86,94,116,131,139,149,152,171,184,187,194,213,216],"decision":[6,30,56,74,89,119,132],"optimization":[7],"of":[8,19,47,55,88,173,186,196,201,215],"tourism":[9,21,176],"projects":[10],"in":[11,85,158,178],"Hebei":[12],"Province,":[13],"China.":[14],"To":[15],"improve":[16,44],"process":[18],"analyzing":[20],"projects,":[22],"introduce":[24],"a":[25,36,100,104,159,164,174,179,202],"model":[26,79,167,189],"that":[27,67,205],"includes":[28],"multiple":[29],"makers":[31,57,75,133],"as":[32,99,181],"subjects":[33],"based":[34,114],"on":[35,115],"standard":[37],"four-dimensional":[38],"evaluation":[39,87,117],"system.":[40,162],"order":[42],"to":[43,58,129,147,199],"effectiveness":[46,185],"decision-making":[48,64],"results,":[49],"will":[51],"increase":[52],"number":[54,143],"40.":[59],"A":[60],"novel":[61],"large-scale":[62],"group":[63],"(LSGDM)":[65],"algorithm":[66,126,204],"incorporates":[68],"trust-distrust":[70,95],"asymmetric":[71],"relationships":[72],"between":[73,118],"is":[76,97,127,145,168,190],"proposed.":[77,169],"This":[78],"contains":[80],"three":[81],"main":[82],"innovations:":[83],"firstly,":[84],"makers'":[90],"social":[91],"network":[92,107],"relations,":[93],"value":[96],"introduced":[98],"new":[101,165,217],"carrier,":[102],"and":[103,108],"weighted":[105,136],"directed":[106],"data":[109],"integration":[110],"operator":[111],"are":[112],"constructed":[113,128],"makers;":[120],"secondly,":[121],"an":[122,182],"extended":[123],"Girvan-Newman":[124],"(GN)":[125],"cluster":[130],"from":[134],"network;":[137],"thirdly,":[138],"interval-valued":[140],"intuitionistic":[141],"fuzzy":[142],"(IVIFN)":[144],"used":[146],"evaluate":[148],"alternatives,":[150],"studying":[151],"IVIFN's":[153],"geometric":[154],"significance":[155],"by":[156],"placing":[157],"rectangular":[160],"coordinate":[161],"Finally,":[163],"LSGDM":[166,203],"Using":[170],"development":[172],"cultural":[175],"project":[177],"township":[180],"example,":[183],"proposed":[188],"illustrated.":[191],"By":[192],"comparing":[193],"results":[195],"our":[197],"method":[198],"those":[200],"does":[206],"not":[207],"incorporate":[208],"trust":[209],"relationships,":[210],"assess":[212],"performance":[214],"model.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}