{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4220950354","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24030393","title":"CT and MRI Medical Image Fusion Using Noise-Removal and Contrast Enhancement Scheme with Convolutional Neural Network","display_name":"CT and MRI Medical Image Fusion Using Noise-Removal and Contrast Enhancement Scheme with Convolutional Neural Network","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4220950354","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24030393","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35327904"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e24030393","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24030393","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/3/393/pdf?version=1647242849","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/3/393/pdf?version=1647242849","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026003182","display_name":"Jameel Ahmed Bhutto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4896-7205"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jameel Ahmed Bhutto","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Science and Engineering, South China University and Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Science and Engineering, South China University and Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100345591","display_name":"Lianfang Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4326-6821"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I211433327","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxqx159","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090744","display_name":"Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/00jaxam28","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799486974","https://openalex.org/I4210090744"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106122","display_name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou)","ror":"https://ror.org/00y7mag53","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106122"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012567","display_name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)","ror":"https://ror.org/03swgqh13","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391012567"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lianfang Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Survey Technology and Application, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guangzhou 510300, China","School of Automation Science and Engineering, South China University and Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China","Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Survey Technology and Application, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guangzhou 510300, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090744","https://openalex.org/I211433327"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Science and Engineering, South China University and Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106122","https://openalex.org/I4391012567"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101623453","display_name":"Qiliang Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3437-3027"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I211433327","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxqx159","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090744","display_name":"Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/00jaxam28","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799486974","https://openalex.org/I4210090744"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106122","display_name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou)","ror":"https://ror.org/00y7mag53","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106122"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012567","display_name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)","ror":"https://ror.org/03swgqh13","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391012567"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiliang Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Survey Technology and Application, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guangzhou 510300, China","School of Automation Science and Engineering, South China University and Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China","Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Survey Technology and Application, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guangzhou 510300, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090744","https://openalex.org/I211433327"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Science and Engineering, South China University and Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106122","https://openalex.org/I4391012567"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001852074","display_name":"Zhengzheng Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9293-5625"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengzheng Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Science and Engineering, South China University and Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9293-5625","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Science and Engineering, South China University and Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059061758","display_name":"Lubin Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6831-0545"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lubin Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Science and Engineering, South China University and Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Science and Engineering, South China University and Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015267863","display_name":"Muhammad Faizan Tahir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9138-3323"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Faizan Tahir","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electric Power, South China University and Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9138-3323","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electric Power, South China University and Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100345591"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210090744","https://openalex.org/I4210106122","https://openalex.org/I4391012567","https://openalex.org/I90610280"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":6.2141,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":61,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96935801,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"3","first_page":"393","last_page":"393"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7905892133712769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6558898091316223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.617954671382904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6166391968727112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5009655952453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.5003299713134766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","score":0.49427127838134766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.4734881818294525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-fusion","display_name":"Image fusion","score":0.46857404708862305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.46423473954200745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.4135042130947113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.31189170479774475}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7905892133712769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6558898091316223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.617954671382904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6166391968727112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5009655952453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.5003299713134766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.49427127838134766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.4734881818294525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69744172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860822","display_name":"Image fusion","level":3,"score":0.46857404708862305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.46423473954200745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.4135042130947113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.31189170479774475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e24030393","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24030393","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/3/393/pdf?version=1647242849","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35327904","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35327904","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:aa7716182bf941b09b90c65a80e48e1d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/aa7716182bf941b09b90c65a80e48e1d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 24, Iss 3, p 393 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/24/3/393/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24030393","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy; Volume 24; Issue 3; Pages: 393","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8947653","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8947653","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e24030393","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24030393","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/3/393/pdf?version=1647242849","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8399999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4220950354.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4220950354.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976143444","https://openalex.org/W1980382026","https://openalex.org/W2026916126","https://openalex.org/W2029336010","https://openalex.org/W2040040441","https://openalex.org/W2043359668","https://openalex.org/W2065428319","https://openalex.org/W2083188312","https://openalex.org/W2106002835","https://openalex.org/W2114207195","https://openalex.org/W2146353910","https://openalex.org/W2179019672","https://openalex.org/W2182332322","https://openalex.org/W2307202721","https://openalex.org/W2335721403","https://openalex.org/W2412184675","https://openalex.org/W2532801510","https://openalex.org/W2559870345","https://openalex.org/W2725210667","https://openalex.org/W2744019306","https://openalex.org/W2744198280","https://openalex.org/W2751011928","https://openalex.org/W2767512561","https://openalex.org/W2792891797","https://openalex.org/W2797629434","https://openalex.org/W2809795042","https://openalex.org/W2809906683","https://openalex.org/W2887443683","https://openalex.org/W2920270483","https://openalex.org/W2921528463","https://openalex.org/W2949754992","https://openalex.org/W2971759556","https://openalex.org/W3003944873","https://openalex.org/W3006035769","https://openalex.org/W3015396480","https://openalex.org/W3048327296","https://openalex.org/W3081065268","https://openalex.org/W3092711945","https://openalex.org/W3119568095","https://openalex.org/W3122103149","https://openalex.org/W3135213517","https://openalex.org/W3137646361","https://openalex.org/W3139244260","https://openalex.org/W3175245591","https://openalex.org/W3193035952","https://openalex.org/W4206390057","https://openalex.org/W4210481214","https://openalex.org/W4213099379","https://openalex.org/W4213234095","https://openalex.org/W4213320351","https://openalex.org/W4214766879","https://openalex.org/W4226264979","https://openalex.org/W6671284944","https://openalex.org/W6714886656","https://openalex.org/W6753092213","https://openalex.org/W6787922734","https://openalex.org/W6797425098","https://openalex.org/W6806473657"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2788731446","https://openalex.org/W2204403038","https://openalex.org/W3152170969","https://openalex.org/W2379054866","https://openalex.org/W2549658594","https://openalex.org/W2370195708","https://openalex.org/W1490651872","https://openalex.org/W2139242969","https://openalex.org/W2284201331","https://openalex.org/W2095903272"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Medical":[0],"image":[1,32,212],"fusion":[2,43,163],"(MIF)":[3],"has":[4],"received":[5],"painstaking":[6],"attention":[7],"due":[8],"to":[9,16,27,61,79,126,146,170,236,239,243,256],"its":[10],"diverse":[11],"medical":[12],"applications":[13],"in":[14,46,116,196,215],"response":[15],"accurately":[17],"diagnosing":[18],"clinical":[19],"images.":[20],"Numerous":[21],"MIF":[22],"methods":[23,260],"have":[24],"been":[25],"proposed":[26,176,206,228],"date,":[28],"but":[29],"the":[30,57,63,69,93,101,104,130,154,165,172,202,205,216,227],"fused":[31,158,217],"suffers":[33],"from":[34,254],"poor":[35],"contrast,":[36,213],"non-uniform":[37,64],"illumination,":[38],"noise":[39,67,214,252],"presence,":[40],"and":[41,66,107,119,143,151,167,182,219,241,249,251],"improper":[42],"strategies,":[44],"resulting":[45],"an":[47],"inadequate":[48],"sparse":[49],"representation":[50],"of":[51,129,138,204,222,226],"significant":[52,114],"features.":[53,90],"This":[54],"paper":[55],"proposes":[56],"morphological":[58],"preprocessing":[59],"method":[60,99,177,207,229],"address":[62],"illumination":[65],"by":[68,136,159,180,191,233],"bottom-hat-top-hat":[70],"strategy.":[71],"Then,":[72],"grey-principal":[73],"component":[74],"analysis":[75],"(grey-PCA)":[76],"is":[77,178,189,230],"used":[78],"transform":[80,97],"RGB":[81],"images":[82,85,102],"into":[83,103],"gray":[84],"that":[86],"can":[87],"preserve":[88],"detailed":[89],"After":[91],"that,":[92],"local":[94,161],"shift-invariant":[95],"shearlet":[96],"(LSIST)":[98],"decomposes":[100],"low-pass":[105],"(LP)":[106],"high-pass":[108],"(HP)":[109],"sub-bands,":[110],"efficiently":[111],"restoring":[112],"all":[113],"characteristics":[115],"various":[117],"scales":[118],"directions.":[120],"The":[121,175,186,224],"HP":[122],"sub-bands":[123,156],"are":[124,157],"fed":[125],"two":[127],"branches":[128],"Siamese":[131],"convolutional":[132],"neural":[133],"network":[134],"(CNN)":[135],"process":[137],"feature":[139],"detection,":[140],"initial":[141],"segmentation,":[142],"consistency":[144],"verification":[145],"effectively":[147],"capture":[148],"smooth":[149],"edges,":[150],"textures.":[152],"While":[153],"LP":[155],"employing":[160],"energy":[162,173],"using":[164],"averaging":[166],"selection":[168],"mode":[169],"restore":[171],"information.":[174,223],"validated":[179],"subjective":[181,187],"objective":[183,262],"quality":[184],"assessments.":[185],"evaluation":[188],"conducted":[190],"a":[192],"user":[193],"case":[194],"study":[195],"which":[197],"twelve":[198],"field":[199],"specialists":[200],"verified":[201],"superiority":[203],"based":[208],"on":[209],"precise":[210],"details,":[211],"image,":[218],"no":[220],"loss":[221],"supremacy":[225],"further":[231],"justified":[232],"obtaining":[234],"0.6836":[235],"0.8794,":[237],"0.5234":[238],"0.6710,":[240],"3.8501":[242],"8.7937":[244],"gain":[245],"for":[246,261],"QFAB,":[247],"CRR,":[248],"AG":[250],"reduction":[253],"0.3397":[255],"0.1209":[257],"over":[258],"other":[259],"parameters.":[263]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
