{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4214766358","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24020209","title":"Energy, Exergy, Exergoeconomic and Emergy-Based Exergoeconomic (Emergoeconomic) Analyses of a Biomass Combustion Waste Heat Recovery Organic Rankine Cycle","display_name":"Energy, Exergy, Exergoeconomic and Emergy-Based Exergoeconomic (Emergoeconomic) Analyses of a Biomass Combustion Waste Heat Recovery Organic Rankine Cycle","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4214766358","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24020209","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35205502"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e24020209","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24020209","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/2/209/pdf?version=1644546536","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/2/209/pdf?version=1644546536","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075124070","display_name":"Saeed Khojaste Effatpanah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6976-8574"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176861719","display_name":"University of Shahrood","ror":"https://ror.org/00yqvtm78","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176861719"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saeed Khojaste Effatpanah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood 3619995161, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6976-8574","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood 3619995161, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176861719"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015579535","display_name":"Mohammad Hossein Ahmadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0097-2534"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176861719","display_name":"University of Shahrood","ror":"https://ror.org/00yqvtm78","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176861719"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Hossein Ahmadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood 3619995161, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0097-2534","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood 3619995161, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176861719"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023670495","display_name":"Seyed Hamid Delbari","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23946033","display_name":"University of Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf56z40","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seyed Hamid Delbari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Renewable Energies and Environmental, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439957131, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Renewable Energies and Environmental, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439957131, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040494710","display_name":"Giulio Lorenzini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5676-8575"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124601658","display_name":"University of Parma","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7wn190","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124601658"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Giulio Lorenzini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze, 181/A, 43124 Parma, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5676-8575","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze, 181/A, 43124 Parma, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124601658"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040494710"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124601658"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":1.4928,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79144134,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"2","first_page":"209","last_page":"209"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10568","display_name":"Thermodynamic and Exergetic Analyses of Power and Cooling Systems","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10568","display_name":"Thermodynamic and Exergetic Analyses of Power and Cooling Systems","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11520","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10471","display_name":"Climate Change Policy and Economics","score":0.965399980545044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergy","display_name":"Emergy","score":0.9407660961151123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exergy","display_name":"Exergy","score":0.9108753800392151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-rankine-cycle","display_name":"Organic Rankine cycle","score":0.8506160974502563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exergy-efficiency","display_name":"Exergy efficiency","score":0.6135961413383484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5499080419540405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-engineering","display_name":"Process engineering","score":0.4890480935573578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waste-heat-recovery-unit","display_name":"Waste heat recovery unit","score":0.45651671290397644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waste-management","display_name":"Waste management","score":0.4339580535888672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomass","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","score":0.4115433990955353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waste-heat","display_name":"Waste heat","score":0.3493586480617523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-engineering","display_name":"Environmental engineering","score":0.32517874240875244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.29868432879447937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainability","display_name":"Sustainability","score":0.2650585472583771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.13682636618614197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.08587339520454407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-exchanger","display_name":"Heat exchanger","score":0.07361865043640137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18786471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2738603","display_name":"Emergy","level":3,"score":0.9407660961151123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113146524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663290","display_name":"Exergy","level":2,"score":0.9108753800392151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101519877","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q616013","display_name":"Organic Rankine cycle","level":4,"score":0.8506160974502563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83119724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3070886","display_name":"Exergy efficiency","level":3,"score":0.6135961413383484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5499080419540405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.4890480935573578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105994980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15081379","display_name":"Waste heat recovery unit","level":3,"score":0.45651671290397644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.4339580535888672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115540264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2945560","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.4115433990955353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184235594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288706","display_name":"Waste heat","level":3,"score":0.3493586480617523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.32517874240875244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.29868432879447937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.2650585472583771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.13682636618614197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.08587339520454407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107706546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189124","display_name":"Heat exchanger","level":2,"score":0.07361865043640137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e24020209","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24020209","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/2/209/pdf?version=1644546536","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35205502","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35205502","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ecc74db67cd943a29dbc1243bcbf8a2b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ecc74db67cd943a29dbc1243bcbf8a2b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 24, Iss 2, p 209 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/24/2/209/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24020209","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy; Volume 24; Issue 2; Pages: 209","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8871347","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8871347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e24020209","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24020209","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/2/209/pdf?version=1644546536","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4214766358.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4214766358.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W219647206","https://openalex.org/W338024563","https://openalex.org/W820576689","https://openalex.org/W1974798067","https://openalex.org/W1980145524","https://openalex.org/W1992306432","https://openalex.org/W1996397588","https://openalex.org/W1997847980","https://openalex.org/W2003454121","https://openalex.org/W2013629132","https://openalex.org/W2016883654","https://openalex.org/W2023854680","https://openalex.org/W2033107929","https://openalex.org/W2036971674","https://openalex.org/W2053331638","https://openalex.org/W2059323363","https://openalex.org/W2079661244","https://openalex.org/W2083404880","https://openalex.org/W2085144611","https://openalex.org/W2088571512","https://openalex.org/W2106433391","https://openalex.org/W2110069242","https://openalex.org/W2160892705","https://openalex.org/W2296111396","https://openalex.org/W2322281861","https://openalex.org/W2470437292","https://openalex.org/W2509993306","https://openalex.org/W2517217044","https://openalex.org/W2567326412","https://openalex.org/W2617318530","https://openalex.org/W2629551756","https://openalex.org/W2750786346","https://openalex.org/W2755715110","https://openalex.org/W2766159920","https://openalex.org/W2793551899","https://openalex.org/W2793721154","https://openalex.org/W2806787538","https://openalex.org/W2898453181","https://openalex.org/W2907604889","https://openalex.org/W2921384240","https://openalex.org/W2930305494","https://openalex.org/W2951813112","https://openalex.org/W2955249875","https://openalex.org/W2964223471","https://openalex.org/W2978345553","https://openalex.org/W2980132640","https://openalex.org/W2982867448","https://openalex.org/W2994089565","https://openalex.org/W3036516720","https://openalex.org/W3092915906","https://openalex.org/W3106053157","https://openalex.org/W3146866548","https://openalex.org/W3176957239","https://openalex.org/W3214402734","https://openalex.org/W4200018508","https://openalex.org/W6793466543","https://openalex.org/W6798182228"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312842629","https://openalex.org/W2350948750","https://openalex.org/W2392754988","https://openalex.org/W2070739962","https://openalex.org/W2506697599","https://openalex.org/W2867036318","https://openalex.org/W2920105686","https://openalex.org/W2012798246","https://openalex.org/W2783543651","https://openalex.org/W2044192684"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"recent":[1],"decades,":[2],"there":[3],"has":[4,40],"been":[5,41],"an":[6,190,211],"increasing":[7],"trend":[8],"toward":[9],"the":[10,21,45,66,78,93,100,105,116,119,126,131,135,150,153,158,162,168,172,178,205,215,218],"technical":[11],"development":[12],"of":[13,130,134,157,183,195],"efficient":[14],"energy":[15,23],"system":[16,67,136,159],"assessment":[17],"tools":[18],"owing":[19],"to":[20,43,139,166,176,187,203],"growing":[22],"demand":[24],"and":[25,60,76,81,99,110,125,143,161,189],"subsequent":[26],"greenhouse":[27],"gas":[28],"emissions.":[29],"Accordingly,":[30,171],"in":[31,70,217],"this":[32,64],"paper,":[33],"a":[34,198],"comprehensive":[35],"emergy-based":[36],"exergoeconomic":[37,117,212],"(emergoeconomic)":[38],"method":[39],"developed":[42],"study":[44],"biomass":[46],"combustion":[47],"waste":[48],"heat":[49],"recovery":[50],"organic":[51],"Rankine":[52],"cycle":[53],"(BCWHR-ORC),":[54],"taking":[55],"into":[56],"account":[57],"thermodynamics,":[58],"economics,":[59],"sustainability":[61],"aspects.":[62],"To":[63],"end,":[65],"was":[68,174,201],"formulated":[69],"Engineering":[71],"Equation":[72],"Solver":[73],"(EES)":[74],"software,":[75],"then":[77],"exergy,":[79],"exergoeconomic,":[80],"emergoeconomic":[82,151],"analyses":[83],"were":[84,137,164],"conducted":[85],"accordingly.":[86],"The":[87],"exergy":[88,107,111,122],"analysis":[89,200],"results":[90],"revealed":[91],"that":[92],"evaporator":[94],"unit":[95,123],"with":[96,102],"55.05":[97],"kilowatts":[98],"turbine":[101,173],"89.57%":[103],"had":[104],"highest":[106,179],"destruction":[108],"rate":[109,128,182],"efficiency,":[112],"respectively.":[113,146],"Based":[114],"on":[115],"analysis,":[118],"cost":[120,127],"per":[121],"(c),":[124],"(C\u02d9)":[129],"output":[132,191],"power":[133,192],"calculated":[138,165],"be":[140],"24.13":[141],"USD/GJ":[142],"14.19":[144],"USD/h,":[145],"Next,":[147],"by":[148],"applying":[149],"approach,":[152],"monetary":[154,180,193,222],"emergy":[155,181,194],"content":[156],"components":[160],"flows":[163],"evaluate":[167],"system's":[169,206],"sustainability.":[170],"found":[175],"have":[177],"capital":[184],"investment,":[185],"equal":[186],"5.43\u00d71012&nbsp;sej/h,":[188],"4.77\u00d7104&nbsp;sej/J.":[196],"Finally,":[197],"sensitivity":[199],"performed":[202],"investigate":[204],"overall":[207],"performance":[208],"characteristics":[209],"from":[210],"perspective,":[213],"regarding":[214],"changes":[216],"transformation":[219],"coefficients":[220],"(specific":[221],"emergy).":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-17T08:01:34.144755","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
