{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200395207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24010056","title":"The Sound of Silence: Minorities, Abstention and Democracy","display_name":"The Sound of Silence: Minorities, Abstention and Democracy","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200395207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24010056","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35052082"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e24010056","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24010056","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/1/56/pdf?version=1642150165","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/1/56/pdf?version=1642150165","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089425147","display_name":"Alessio Emanuele Biondo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1421-3707"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessio Emanuele Biondo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics and Business, University of Catania, 95129 Catania, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics and Business, University of Catania, 95129 Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032482559","display_name":"Alessandro Pluchino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9368-5800"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Pluchino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Catania and INFN-Section of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9368-5800","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Catania and INFN-Section of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025995001","display_name":"Roberto Zanola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2056-3324"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123338534","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale \u201cAmedeo Avogadro\u201d","ror":"https://ror.org/04387x656","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123338534"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Zanola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Law and Political, Economic, and Social Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, 15121 Alessandria, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Law and Political, Economic, and Social Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, 15121 Alessandria, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123338534"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032482559"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.7933,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83370685,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"1","first_page":"56","last_page":"56"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.9556999802589417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.9556999802589417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/typology","display_name":"Typology","score":0.8066035509109497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representativeness-heuristic","display_name":"Representativeness heuristic","score":0.7307552695274353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democracy","display_name":"Democracy","score":0.7294921278953552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silence","display_name":"Silence","score":0.7012669444084167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.5906348824501038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.4792211651802063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.35723307728767395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.35493752360343933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positive-economics","display_name":"Positive economics","score":0.3434402346611023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-economics","display_name":"Mathematical economics","score":0.3395497798919678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.3382728695869446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.3180692493915558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.31039565801620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24147158861160278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aesthetics","display_name":"Aesthetics","score":0.19426432251930237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.17453265190124512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.1707286536693573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.16126060485839844}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75795011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917904","display_name":"Typology","level":2,"score":0.8066035509109497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37381756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20203288","display_name":"Representativeness heuristic","level":2,"score":0.7307552695274353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.7294921278953552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781115785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502261","display_name":"Silence","level":2,"score":0.7012669444084167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5906348824501038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.4792211651802063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.35723307728767395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.35493752360343933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118084267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26110","display_name":"Positive economics","level":1,"score":0.3434402346611023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.3395497798919678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3382728695869446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3180692493915558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.31039565801620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24147158861160278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.19426432251930237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.17453265190124512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1707286536693573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.16126060485839844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e24010056","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24010056","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/1/56/pdf?version=1642150165","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35052082","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35052082","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fde5dfff79a9406c8d07173b244f78cf","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fde5dfff79a9406c8d07173b244f78cf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 24, Iss 1, p 56 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/24/1/56/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24010056","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy; Volume 24; Issue 1; Pages: 56","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8774594","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8774594","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e24010056","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24010056","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/1/56/pdf?version=1642150165","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7099999785423279,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322690","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 di Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200395207.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200395207.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W643662147","https://openalex.org/W1495430942","https://openalex.org/W1578116143","https://openalex.org/W1582135188","https://openalex.org/W1980130070","https://openalex.org/W1980816265","https://openalex.org/W2037824076","https://openalex.org/W2043833023","https://openalex.org/W2054580498","https://openalex.org/W2058105398","https://openalex.org/W2059006193","https://openalex.org/W2063759278","https://openalex.org/W2073333590","https://openalex.org/W2090322544","https://openalex.org/W2091246836","https://openalex.org/W2095609033","https://openalex.org/W2103146267","https://openalex.org/W2113096089","https://openalex.org/W2133400597","https://openalex.org/W2138890315","https://openalex.org/W2155090943","https://openalex.org/W2331872263","https://openalex.org/W2612968167","https://openalex.org/W2794379458","https://openalex.org/W2947171186","https://openalex.org/W2949762317","https://openalex.org/W3110051778","https://openalex.org/W4206071945","https://openalex.org/W4243965552","https://openalex.org/W6634705618","https://openalex.org/W6676950571","https://openalex.org/W6902757231"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3159631231","https://openalex.org/W2241143171","https://openalex.org/W3212604275","https://openalex.org/W4210715198","https://openalex.org/W4306248409","https://openalex.org/W4211213551","https://openalex.org/W4298181027","https://openalex.org/W2062728131","https://openalex.org/W2140535326","https://openalex.org/W1824075546"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"the":[1,14,48,57],"existence":[2],"of":[3,42,50,56,59],"an":[4],"extensive":[5],"literature,":[6],"no":[7],"definitive":[8],"conclusion":[9],"seems":[10],"to":[11,16,30,46],"emerge":[12],"on":[13,52],"extent":[15],"which":[17],"minorities":[18],"are":[19],"guaranteed":[20],"by":[21,33],"democratic":[22],"rules":[23],"in":[24,44],"political":[25],"systems.":[26],"This":[27],"paper":[28],"contributes":[29],"this":[31],"debate":[32],"proposing":[34],"a":[35],"modified":[36],"Heigselmann":[37],"and":[38],"Krauss":[39],"two-dimensional":[40],"model":[41],"preferences":[43],"order":[45],"capture":[47],"role":[49],"abstention":[51,66],"minority":[53],"representativeness.":[54],"Regardless":[55],"typology":[58],"abstention,":[60],"simulation":[61],"results":[62],"show":[63],"that":[64],"voter":[65],"always":[67],"benefits":[68],"minorities.":[69]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
