{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200273188","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24010027","title":"Crooks Fluctuation Theorem for Single Polymer Dynamics in Time-Dependent Flows: Understanding Viscoelastic Hysteresis","display_name":"Crooks Fluctuation Theorem for Single Polymer Dynamics in Time-Dependent Flows: Understanding Viscoelastic Hysteresis","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200273188","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24010027","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35052053"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e24010027","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24010027","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/1/27/pdf?version=1640341952","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/1/27/pdf?version=1640341952","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066606532","display_name":"Yuecheng Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3105-7697"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuecheng Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3105-7697","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041545232","display_name":"Folarin Latinwo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3721-6097"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Folarin Latinwo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064479674","display_name":"Charles M. Schroeder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6023-2274"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Charles M. Schroeder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6023-2274","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064479674"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.1196,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.39037433,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"1","first_page":"27","last_page":"27"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11379","display_name":"Rheology and Fluid Dynamics Studies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11379","display_name":"Rheology and Fluid Dynamics Studies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11520","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","score":0.9804999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10474","display_name":"Material Dynamics and Properties","score":0.9682999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viscoelasticity","display_name":"Viscoelasticity","score":0.8018378019332886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hysteresis","display_name":"Hysteresis","score":0.6660733222961426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.6104332804679871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluctuation-theorem","display_name":"Fluctuation theorem","score":0.560693621635437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamics","display_name":"Dynamics (music)","score":0.5525128245353699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.38208383321762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.368739515542984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classical-mechanics","display_name":"Classical mechanics","score":0.34893497824668884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.23059728741645813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/condensed-matter-physics","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","score":0.11444804072380066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-equilibrium-thermodynamics","display_name":"Non-equilibrium thermodynamics","score":0.10544723272323608}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186541917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910483","display_name":"Viscoelasticity","level":2,"score":0.8018378019332886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123299182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190837","display_name":"Hysteresis","level":2,"score":0.6660733222961426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.6104332804679871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108585399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900831","display_name":"Fluctuation theorem","level":3,"score":0.560693621635437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145912823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113558","display_name":"Dynamics (music)","level":2,"score":0.5525128245353699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.38208383321762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.368739515542984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.34893497824668884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.23059728741645813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.11444804072380066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74859849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2466686","display_name":"Non-equilibrium thermodynamics","level":2,"score":0.10544723272323608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e24010027","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24010027","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/1/27/pdf?version=1640341952","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35052053","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35052053","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:334481b99ee0460da29cf5c879e7ee54","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/334481b99ee0460da29cf5c879e7ee54","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 24, Iss 1, p 27 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/24/1/27/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24010027","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy; Volume 24; Issue 1; Pages: 27","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8774537","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8774537","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e24010027","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e24010027","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/1/27/pdf?version=1640341952","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6499999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2104288803","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CBET-2030537","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4843441832","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CBET-1604038","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337390","funder_display_name":"Division of Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5743296512","display_name":"Collaborative Research: Dynamics of Circular Macromolecules (DNA): From Single Molecules to Highly Entangled States","funder_award_id":"1604038","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5753837007","display_name":"Collaborative Research: Micromechanics of Meniscus-bound Particle Clusters","funder_award_id":"2030537","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6655013894","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CBET-1604038","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7009368691","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1604038","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337390","funder_display_name":"Division of Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332222","display_name":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337390","display_name":"Division of Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/0471zv972"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200273188.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200273188.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1503721880","https://openalex.org/W1514664623","https://openalex.org/W1528590971","https://openalex.org/W1965450968","https://openalex.org/W1975830725","https://openalex.org/W1981337120","https://openalex.org/W1995216168","https://openalex.org/W1995816779","https://openalex.org/W1999832843","https://openalex.org/W2002145259","https://openalex.org/W2012703902","https://openalex.org/W2021820673","https://openalex.org/W2033571539","https://openalex.org/W2047076232","https://openalex.org/W2055622518","https://openalex.org/W2058345503","https://openalex.org/W2062600893","https://openalex.org/W2065789719","https://openalex.org/W2068789187","https://openalex.org/W2082034481","https://openalex.org/W2084281217","https://openalex.org/W2087869129","https://openalex.org/W2091204092","https://openalex.org/W2091446188","https://openalex.org/W2102277728","https://openalex.org/W2107988867","https://openalex.org/W2148849027","https://openalex.org/W2149801992","https://openalex.org/W2299581515","https://openalex.org/W2321208518","https://openalex.org/W2324978677","https://openalex.org/W2509196788","https://openalex.org/W2523309745","https://openalex.org/W2528918250","https://openalex.org/W2568745473","https://openalex.org/W2772867596","https://openalex.org/W2797332809","https://openalex.org/W2798756018","https://openalex.org/W2804118877","https://openalex.org/W2804750250","https://openalex.org/W2904565413","https://openalex.org/W2939118778","https://openalex.org/W3098419284","https://openalex.org/W3101624831","https://openalex.org/W3111853088","https://openalex.org/W3118500836","https://openalex.org/W3119952352","https://openalex.org/W3173540601","https://openalex.org/W4234689925","https://openalex.org/W6655667898"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4221057967","https://openalex.org/W4243019676","https://openalex.org/W2517352629","https://openalex.org/W2783562378","https://openalex.org/W4293192718","https://openalex.org/W4394391585","https://openalex.org/W2045876794","https://openalex.org/W2255703620","https://openalex.org/W807319463","https://openalex.org/W4238727794"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nonequilibrium":[0],"work":[1],"relations":[2],"have":[3,16],"fundamentally":[4],"advanced":[5],"our":[6],"understanding":[7],"of":[8,36,61,95,117,143],"molecular":[9,34],"processes.":[10],"In":[11,81],"recent":[12,52],"years,":[13],"fluctuation":[14,62,88,165],"theorems":[15,63,166],"been":[17],"extensively":[18],"applied":[19],"to":[20,64,90,171],"understand":[21,91,172],"transitions":[22],"between":[23],"equilibrium":[24],"steady-states,":[25],"commonly":[26],"described":[27,72],"by":[28,43,73],"simple":[29],"control":[30],"parameters":[31],"such":[32,69],"as":[33,70],"extension":[35],"a":[37,48,115,128,140,168],"protein":[38],"or":[39],"polymer":[40,74,97,110,159,173],"chain":[41],"stretched":[42],"an":[44],"external":[45],"force":[46],"in":[47,77,99,112,161],"quiescent":[49],"fluid.":[50],"Despite":[51],"progress,":[53],"far":[54],"less":[55],"is":[56],"understood":[57],"regarding":[58],"the":[59,86,92,104,155],"application":[60],"processes":[65],"involving":[66],"nonequilibrium":[67,78,93,105],"steady-states":[68],"those":[71],"stretching":[75],"dynamics":[76,123,174],"fluid":[79],"flows.":[80],"this":[82,147],"work,":[83],"we":[84,149],"apply":[85],"Crooks":[87],"theorem":[89],"thermodynamics":[94],"dilute":[96],"solutions":[98],"flow.":[100,162],"We":[101,125],"directly":[102],"determine":[103],"free":[106],"energy":[107],"for":[108,135,158],"single":[109,118],"molecules":[111],"flow":[113,131,144],"using":[114],"combination":[116],"molecule":[119],"experiments":[120],"and":[121],"Brownian":[122],"simulations.":[124],"further":[126],"develop":[127],"time-dependent":[129],"extensional":[130],"protocol":[132],"that":[133,152],"allows":[134],"probing":[136],"viscoelastic":[137],"hysteresis":[138],"over":[139],"wide":[141],"range":[142],"strengths.":[145],"Using":[146],"framework,":[148],"define":[150],"quantities":[151],"uniquely":[153],"characterize":[154],"coil-stretch":[156],"transition":[157],"chains":[160],"Overall,":[163],"generalized":[164],"provide":[167],"powerful":[169],"framework":[170],"under":[175],"far-from-equilibrium":[176],"conditions.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-22T08:00:12.763002","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}