{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200547507","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23121699","title":"Whether the Support Region of Three-Bit Uniform Quantizer Has a Strong Impact on Post-Training Quantization for MNIST Dataset?","display_name":"Whether the Support Region of Three-Bit Uniform Quantizer Has a Strong Impact on Post-Training Quantization for MNIST Dataset?","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200547507","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23121699","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34946005"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23121699","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23121699","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/12/1699/pdf?version=1639988813","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/12/1699/pdf?version=1639988813","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100648010","display_name":"Jelena Nikoli\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3552-7211"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152518017","display_name":"University of Nis","ror":"https://ror.org/00965bg92","country_code":"RS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152518017"]}],"countries":["RS"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jelena Nikoli\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electronic Engineering, University of Nis, Aleksandra Medvedeva 14, 18000 Nis, Serbia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3552-7211","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electronic Engineering, University of Nis, Aleksandra Medvedeva 14, 18000 Nis, Serbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152518017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021040932","display_name":"Zoran Peri\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8267-9541"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152518017","display_name":"University of Nis","ror":"https://ror.org/00965bg92","country_code":"RS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152518017"]}],"countries":["RS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zoran Peri\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electronic Engineering, University of Nis, Aleksandra Medvedeva 14, 18000 Nis, Serbia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8267-9541","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electronic Engineering, University of Nis, Aleksandra Medvedeva 14, 18000 Nis, Serbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152518017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046023030","display_name":"Danijela Aleksi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8660-6473"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128241","display_name":"Telekom Srbija (Serbia)","ror":"https://ror.org/034d3kf40","country_code":"RS","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128241"]}],"countries":["RS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danijela Aleksi\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mobile Network Nis, Telekom Srbija, Vozdova 11, 18000 Nis, Serbia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8660-6473","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mobile Network Nis, Telekom Srbija, Vozdova 11, 18000 Nis, Serbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128241"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002872178","display_name":"Stefan Tomi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1478-8188"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Tomi\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Technology, Al Dar University College, Dubai 35529, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Technology, Al Dar University College, Dubai 35529, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059527265","display_name":"Aleksandra Jovanovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7001-0509"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152518017","display_name":"University of Nis","ror":"https://ror.org/00965bg92","country_code":"RS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152518017"]}],"countries":["RS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aleksandra Jovanovi\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electronic Engineering, University of Nis, Aleksandra Medvedeva 14, 18000 Nis, Serbia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electronic Engineering, University of Nis, Aleksandra Medvedeva 14, 18000 Nis, Serbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152518017"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100648010"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152518017"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.9698,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78165298,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"12","first_page":"1699","last_page":"1699"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mnist-database","display_name":"MNIST database","score":0.8921851515769958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.88874351978302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6886340379714966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5610240697860718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.416159063577652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4157974123954773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.40781858563423157}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190502265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069496","display_name":"MNIST database","level":3,"score":0.8921851515769958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.88874351978302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6886340379714966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5610240697860718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.416159063577652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4157974123954773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40781858563423157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23121699","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23121699","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/12/1699/pdf?version=1639988813","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34946005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34946005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:05359ae7cd8a4ca783588d9341048603","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/05359ae7cd8a4ca783588d9341048603","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 23, Iss 12, p 1699 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/23/12/1699/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23121699","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy; Volume 23; Issue 12; Pages: 1699","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8700806","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8700806","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e23121699","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e23121699","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/12/1699/pdf?version=1639988813","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200547507.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2007339694","https://openalex.org/W2020644915","https://openalex.org/W2054770665","https://openalex.org/W2059818154","https://openalex.org/W2112414578","https://openalex.org/W2119144962","https://openalex.org/W2171937540","https://openalex.org/W2524428287","https://openalex.org/W2751476960","https://openalex.org/W2769121788","https://openalex.org/W2889496519","https://openalex.org/W2903711666","https://openalex.org/W2904725623","https://openalex.org/W2953974830","https://openalex.org/W2970601456","https://openalex.org/W3008684984","https://openalex.org/W3025045095","https://openalex.org/W3035183452","https://openalex.org/W3037288590","https://openalex.org/W3087150032","https://openalex.org/W3094844246","https://openalex.org/W3096849335","https://openalex.org/W3108835732","https://openalex.org/W3115738066","https://openalex.org/W3120529131","https://openalex.org/W3128231162","https://openalex.org/W3128731933","https://openalex.org/W3137147200","https://openalex.org/W3139490795","https://openalex.org/W3158216587","https://openalex.org/W3176928110","https://openalex.org/W3184434984","https://openalex.org/W3197500708","https://openalex.org/W3202341739","https://openalex.org/W4226049443","https://openalex.org/W6727208969"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2950475743","https://openalex.org/W4386603768","https://openalex.org/W2886711096","https://openalex.org/W4380078352","https://openalex.org/W3046591097","https://openalex.org/W2590796488","https://openalex.org/W4389249638","https://openalex.org/W2734358244","https://openalex.org/W4388700941","https://openalex.org/W3015200942"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Driven":[0],"by":[1,25],"the":[2,5,26,30,40,55,59,79,85,97,100,112,120,123,132,139,154,161,169,178,181,187,199,202,207,219,233],"need":[3,27],"for":[4,17,84,218],"compression":[6],"of":[7,42,54,58,74,81,99,119,122,134,138,160,168,180,186,201],"weights":[8],"in":[9,35,61,66,142,150,216,237],"neural":[10,171],"networks":[11],"(NNs),":[12],"which":[13,204],"is":[14,49,93,129,137,149,205],"especially":[15],"beneficial":[16],"edge":[18],"devices":[19],"with":[20,111,209],"a":[21,71,108,195],"constrained":[22],"resource,":[23],"and":[24,69,105],"to":[28,50,95,107,130,152,163,229],"utilize":[29],"simplest":[31],"possible":[32,94],"quantization":[33,83,235],"model,":[34],"this":[36,75,230],"paper,":[37],"we":[38,89],"study":[39],"performance":[41,80],"three-bit":[43,115,144,188],"post-training":[44,82,143,212,234],"uniform":[45,116,145,189,211],"quantization.":[46],"The":[47,174],"goal":[48,128],"put":[51],"various":[52],"choices":[53],"key":[56,124],"parameter":[57],"quantizer":[60,162,190],"question":[62,133,238],"(support":[63],"region":[64,157,183],"threshold)":[65],"one":[67,224],"place":[68],"provide":[70],"detailed":[72],"overview":[73],"choice's":[76],"impact":[77,197],"on":[78,198],"MNIST":[86],"dataset.":[87],"Specifically,":[88],"analyze":[90],"whether":[91,135],"it":[92,136,148],"preserve":[96],"accuracy":[98,167,200],"two":[101],"NN":[102],"models":[103],"(MLP":[104],"CNN)":[106],"great":[109],"extent":[110],"very":[113],"simple":[114],"quantizer,":[117],"regardless":[118],"choice":[121,179],"parameter.":[125],"Moreover,":[126],"our":[127],"answer":[131],"utmost":[140],"importance":[141],"quantization,":[146,151,213],"as":[147],"determine":[153],"optimal":[155],"support":[156,182],"threshold":[158,184],"value":[159,185],"achieve":[164],"some":[165],"predefined":[166],"quantized":[170],"network":[172],"(QNN).":[173],"results":[175],"show":[176],"that":[177,227],"does":[191],"not":[192,206],"have":[193],"such":[194],"strong":[196],"QNNs,":[203],"case":[208],"two-bit":[210],"when":[214],"applied":[215],"MLP":[217],"same":[220],"classification":[221],"task.":[222],"Accordingly,":[223],"can":[225,239],"anticipate":[226],"due":[228],"special":[231],"property,":[232],"model":[236],"be":[240],"greatly":[241],"exploited.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}